Euphorbia costatalata is allied to Euphorbia tortilis but differs in having prominent ribbing and up to 5 wings, segments longer, thinner, not spiral, cymes fewer per axil, trapezoidal glands that are humped convexly upwards, flattened ovaries with non-connate styles, capsules concave on top, and seeds dark brown with light speckles and streaks. This species appears to replace E. tortilis north of the Nilgiri and Bilirangan hill ranges.

Euphorbia paraikalli, a new succulent species allied to Euphorbia susan-holmesiae Binojk. & Gopalan is described in the present communication. The species differs in its habit, wider and short segments, densely packed whorls of branches, up to 6 wings, larger leaves, trapezoidal glands, capsules with rounded lobes, and brown speckled seeds. E. susan-holmesiae is known only from a single locality in Tirunelveli District, whereas E. paraikalli is found in sporadic populations in the hills that mark the southern boundary of the Deccan Plateau.