A document by Ashenafi Woldemichael Woime (Ph.D). Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: Safe handling of healthcare waste (HCW) is essential for both the environment and public health. Due to the expansion of healthcare services, medical waste generation is rising in resource-limited settings (RLS); however, there are frequently insufficient or nonexistent systems in place for its safe disposal. The present evidence on medical waste disposal practices in RLS is compiled in this systematic review and metaanalysis, which also measures the health effects of these practices on patients, waste handlers, healthcare workers (HCWs), and the community at large.

Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and consumerism have caused an unprecedented rise in waste generation across low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), creating a severe waste management crisis. Municipal solid waste volumes are currently 200-400% higher than the capacity of the infrastructure to handle them. Projections show that LMICs will produce more than

Implementing solutions to change the climate requires-PADDING innovative approaches to address the increasing "adaptation deficit gap." The existing evidence of their effectiveness, innovation types, scalability, and equity implications remains fragmented. The study uses Metaanalysis to synthesize empirical literature globally through 418 peer-reviewed studies using PRISMA 2020 protocols published from 2010 to 2023. The three objectives are: first, measuring comparative effectiveness of technological, institutional, behavioral, and ecosystem-based adaptation innovation; second, identifying contextual moderators of success; third, evaluating equity outcomes using the PROGRESS-Plus framework. The findings suggest hybrid approaches with institutional and behavioral components rely on other actors and yield higher resilience returns (Hedge's g = 1.24, 95% CI [1.07-1.41]). Outperforming technological solutions by 39% (p<0.001). Additionally, ecosystem-based approaches figure as the most cost-effective ($127 per resilience unit compared to $412 for technological interventions). Nonetheless, these approaches remain critically underfunded. Success of innovations hinges on contextual barriers to successinstitutional innovations do not succeed below $2500 GDP per capita (OR=0.24), equitable outcomes if more than 40 percent of the decision-making women and integrate indigenous knowledge (β = 0.52, p = 0.003). The research also indicates that 73% of technological implementations suffer from elite capture and 22% are at risk of maladaptation due to lacking socio-ecological feedback considerations. These findings emphasize the acute need to shift adaptation finance and governance toward polycentric, justice-based frameworks. In this regard, the study suggests three actionable pathways: Creating Innovation Broker Authorities aimed at policy-silo busting; enforcing equity-weighted financing that give the greatest priority to pre-codesigned hybrid innovations; and adaptation dashboards that monitor achieve PROGRESS-Plus equity threshold levels-shifting to strengthening evidentiary bases for transforming adaptation innovation from incremental modifications into changes that build systemic resilience.

This systematic review analyzes the roles of emotional intelligence (EI) and conflict management (CM) in promoting job satisfaction and collaboration within corporate contexts. The analysis indicates that strong EI helps individuals to identify, control, and express emotions effectively, supporting enhanced interpersonal interactions and resilience against workplace stress. Consequently, those with increased EI are proven to feel greater work satisfaction. Furthermore, effective conflict management approaches, backed by EI, promote constructive responses to interpersonal differences, thereby boosting team cohesiveness and performance. The study draws upon varied research undertaken across many sectors, including healthcare and organizational management, to highlight the universal relevance of EI and CM in establishing a healthy work environment. Key findings imply that firms supporting EI development through training and leadership efforts can promote more harmonious workplaces, resulting in better employee engagement and satisfaction. Additionally, the connection between EI and CM underlines their combined impact on organizational performance, as emotionally intelligent leaders may successfully handle disputes, transforming problems into opportunities for progress. This paper underlines the requirement for firms to integrate EI and CM concepts into their culture, therefore boosting resilience, cooperation, and general employee well-being. The consequences of this research are crucial for organizational leaders striving to promote team relations and provide a supportive work culture conducive to high performance.

Conflict in marriage is inevitable, and unresolved disputes can harm relationships. In Christian marriages, such conflicts are often addressed through biblical teachings, but the effectiveness of these approaches in Ethiopian Evangelical contexts has not been thoroughly studied. This study aims to identify the main types of marital conflicts, explore cultural and social factors influencing these conflicts, and assess how effectively couples manage disputes using biblical principles such as open communication, forgiveness, and counsel from church leaders. A qualitative approach was employed, using interviews and surveys with married couples and church leaders. The findings show that common sources of conflict include communication issues (47.5%), financial disagreements (58.8%), and differences in parenting styles (32.5%). While church teachings promote constructive conflict resolution, many couples struggle to apply these principles effectively, particularly in the face of complex issues like domestic violence or chronic dissatisfaction. The study concludes that, while biblical teachings provide valuable guidance, there is a need for more comprehensive support, including enhanced counseling services and practical conflict resolution training.

Malaria remains one of the most significant global health challenges, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing the highest burden. Advances in malaria control, including insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying, and artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), have reduced malaria cases and deaths. However, the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance, especially to artemisinin, present a growing threat to malaria control and elimination efforts. Resistance to ACTs, characterized by delayed parasite clearance due to kelch13 mutations, is most prevalent in Southeast Asia and is beginning to emerge in Africa. This systematic literature review examines the global impact of drug resistance on malaria transmission, treatment efficacy, and control strategies. Findings reveal that drug resistance undermines treatment effectiveness, increases transmission potential, and imposes significant operational and economic challenges. Resistance hotspots in Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia are expanding, driven by human migration and inadequate surveillance systems. The review highlights the need for strengthened molecular surveillance, the development of triple ACT therapies, and region-specific interventions to address resistance patterns. Without coordinated global efforts, drug resistance will continue to undermine progress toward malaria elimination, exacerbating the disease’s global burden. This review underscores the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies, improved surveillance systems, and international collaboration to contain the spread of drug-resistant malaria and ensure the sustainability of malaria control programs worldwide.