Despite the importance of attentional control deficits in the development of anxiety symptoms, insufficient studies take a developmental approach to understanding attentional control theory. The study aimed to understand the reciprocal association between attentional control and anxiety symptoms during transition into early adolescence. Using the longitudinal design, the study recruited 321 Chinese children from a primary school with the ages of 9 to 10 years. Children completed inventories to measure attentional control difficulties and anxiety symptoms three times with an interval of 6 months from Grades 3 to 5. Random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that attentional control difficulties did not predict the development of anxiety symptoms, and anxiety symptoms did not predict the development of attentional control difficulties from Wave 1 to Wave 2 and from Wave 2 to Wave 3. These findings casted doubt to attentional control theory in the developmental context. Preventions that improve adolescents' attentional control might not necessarily help reduce anxiety symptoms.

Purpose. The study aimed to investigate how parental history of corporal punishment was related to offspring’s depression symptoms and to examine the role of dissatisfaction with intimate partner relationship . Methods. Data from 2666 dyads of children and parents were retrived from the Taiwan Youth Project, which is a longitudinal project consisting of 9 waves with a 1-year interval between waves. Parents reported their history of corporal punishment at the first wave, and reported their dissatisfaction with intimate partner relationship at the eighth wave. Offspring reported their dissatisfaction with intimate partner relationship and depression symptoms at the nineth wave . Results. Parental history of corporal punishment did not directly predict offspring’s depression symptoms. Parent’s dissatisfaction with intimate partner relationship predicted offspring’s dissatisfaction with intimate parnter relationship. Parental history of corporal punishment negatively and indirectly affected offspring’s depression symptoms through the mediating effect of the continuity of intimate partner relationship dissatisfaction between parents and offspring. Conclusions. The results have important implications for the potential of increased resilience after exposure to corporal punishment in terms of its effect on intimate partner relationship and depression symptoms.