Rhabdomyolysis is a life-threatening adverse drug reaction that is seldom reported in DPP-4 inhibitors. Here we present a case in which a 58-year-old female suffered from severe swelling and pain in bilateral lower limbs and oliguria for 1 week after a suicidal attempt that she took vildagliptin 1,400 mg and insulin aspart 60 IU. She was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), urinary tract infection (UTI) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). After 20 days of hospitalization, significant improvement had occurred in almost all laboratory results, and the patient was discharged without sequelae. This is a rare case suggesting that severe adverse events (SAEs), such as rhabdomyolysis, may occur in relatively safe oral hypoglycemic drugs.