Ethiopia’s national economic development is significantly influenced by agriculture. From the zone level to the national level, agricultural land-use intensification and extensification appear to be necessary to meet the growing population’s demand for food and other agricultural products. However, the extent, distribution, or level of agricultural land potential have not been well explored and documented. Like other parts of the country, the agricultural land suitability of South Gondar was not studied. Hence, it is urgently necessary to match crop requirements with resources that are currently available through land suitability analysis in order to maintain the productivity of agricultural land. This study aimed to address land suitability analysis by using geographical information system (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) based multi-criteria approach in South Gondar zone. Worldwide data sources, literature reviews, and on-site investigations, were used to evaluate the suitability of agricultural land in the zone. Seven criteria were identified and the criteria were preprocessed as raster layers on a GIS platform, and the weights of the raster layers were calculated for appropriateness using the analytic hierarchy approach (AHP). A weighted overlay analysis was then used to classify the agricultural land as highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and not suitable. According to the analysis results, 26% of the land coverage of the zone was found to be highly suitable for agriculture. 70% and 4% of the zone area were found to be moderately and marginally suitable for agriculture respectively.

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the critical role that high-speed networks play in the operations of high-frequency trading (HFT) firms. High-speed networks, characterized by their low latency and high bandwidth, facilitate the rapid, efficient transmission of massive quantities of data, a capability that is vital to the success of HFT strategies. We explore the core infrastructure that enables high-speed trading, from high-performance servers and switches to network interface cards and time synchronization devices. Additionally, we delve into the specifics of low-latency switches and multicast networks, discussing their advantages, challenges, and their application in an HFT context. An overview of emerging technologies and trends such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, 5G networks, quantum computing, and regulatory changes that could potentially shape the future of high-frequency trading networks is also presented. This paper serves as a comprehensive reference point for understanding and evaluating the impact and future scope of high-speed networks in high-frequency trading.

As the increasing demands for the constant voltage (CV) charging of multiple loads, this article proposes an LC compensated wireless power transfer (WPT) system with multiple CV outputs function. The proposed WPT system can achieve multiple voltage outputs without decoupling method. Each voltage output channel is composed of a compensation capacitor and a compensation inductor connected in series. By configuring different compensation inductors and capacitors for each output channel, it can achieve different CV outputs without affecting the output voltage of other output channels. In addition, the system can achieve near-zero phase angle (ZPA) and zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operations, which can improve system efficiency. Finally, the correctness and rationality of the proposed WPT system is verified by built an experimental prototype with two CV output channels.

Tumor immunotherapy has become an important adjuvant therapy after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In recent years, the role of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in tumor immunotherapy has become increasingly prominent. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) is a kind of TAA that is highly restricted in a variety of tumors and can induce an immune response. The expression of CTA affects the occurrence, development, and prognosis of ovarian cancer and is closely related to tumor immunity. This review outlines a comprehensive of overview the regulatory mechanism, immunogenicity, clinical expression significance, tumorigenesis, and application prospects of CTA in ovarian cancer, all of which can provide novel insights in the improvement of diagnosis and treatment for ovarian cancer.

Title: Spontaneous bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage: An unusual clinical manifestation.Authors : Bhatta Sunil 1, Ojha Hemant1, Sapkota Suresh 21-Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Nisarga Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd.2-Department of Neurosurgery, Nisarga Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd.Data availability statement : Data described to support the findings is openly accessible in the article.

Adjuvant therapy for rare rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: a case reportTing-Yi Chu, MD1, Ta-Wei Pu MD2, Chao-Yang Chen MD31. Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, Republic of China.2. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Songshan Branch, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No. 131, Jiankang Rd., Songshan District, Taipei City 10581, Taiwan, Republic of China. Electronic address: tawei0131@gmail.com.3. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, [NO.325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District], Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, Republic of China.*Reprint requests and correspondence to:Chao-Yang Chen , MD, assistant professor, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, [NO.325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District], Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, Republic of China.Tel: +886-2-87923311Fax: +886-2-87927411E-mail address: q9859868@gmail.com

The facile assembly of polyaryl-substituted azafluoranthenes via CoBr2/dppp-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition with 1,6-diynes and nitriles are demonstrated here. This method show high efficiency, mild conditions, low cost, and wide substrate scope. Furthermore, the fluorescent spectra of selected azafluoranthenes indicate that this kind of skeleton might show good photophysical properties and have good potential in material science.

The attention network test (ANT), developed based on the triple-network taxonomy by Posner and colleagues, has been widely used to examine the efficacy of alerting, orienting, and executive control in clinical and developmental neuroscience studies. Recent research suggests the imperfect reliability of the behavioral ANT and its variants. However, the classical ANT fMRI task’s test-retest reliability has received little attention. Moreover, it remains ambiguous whether the attention-related intrinsic network components, especially the dorsal attention, ventral attention, and frontoparietal network, manifest acceptable reliability. The present study approaches these issues by utilizing an openly available ANT fMRI dataset for participants with Parkinson’s disease and healthy elderly. The reproducibility of group-level activations across sessions and participant groups and the test-retest reliability at the individual level were examined at the voxel, region, and network levels. The intrinsic network was defined using the Yeo-Schaefer atlas. Our results reveal three critical facets: (1) The overlapping of the group-level contrast map between sessions and between participant groups was unsatisfactory; (2) The reliability of alerting, orienting, and executive, defined as contrast between conditions, was worse than estimates of specific conditions. (3) Dorsal attention, ventral attention, visual, and somatomotor networks showed acceptable reliability for the congruent and incongruent conditions. Our results suggest that specific condition estimates might be used instead of the contrast map for individual or group-difference studies.

Background: Given the enormous impact that the software industry has on so many facets of our lives today, software projects are extremely important. Digital transformation is driven across industries by software developments. They facilitate the utilisation of technology by organisations to optimise operations, augment productivity, and provide inventive products and services. To be competitive and adjust to the quickly changing market dynamics of today’s world, companies must undergo digital transformation by making full use of software projects. Objectives: The main aim of the current study is to determine the main causes of project delay and cost overrun in software projects, identify the effects of project delay and cost overrun on software projects, and define the role of cost estimation models in overcoming project delays and cost overruns in these projects. Results and conclusions:The researcher reviews the literature on causes behind delay and cost overrun and describes the role that can be played by cost estimation models in that process. In light of the reviewed literature, the researcher reaches certain recommendations for the software industry.

Introduction:Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells that produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin [1–3]. MM presenting as an intracranial brain tumor or intracranial plasmocytoma is extremely rare, occurring in only 1% of patients. [4] It can manifest as solitary cerebral lesions, intraparenchymal infiltration, or diffuse leptomeningeal disease. In our case, we report an intracranial brain tumor of plasmacytoma that later developed into MM.Due to its rarity, the treatment of it is very heterogeneous. Thus, case reporting is important to accumulate data on this rare presentation.Case History :A 75-year-old male presented with headache and a slowly growing mass on his skull over the past year. Despite his age, he had good overall health, and neurological examination showed no abnormalities.Methods :The patient underwent an investigation that included brain computed tomography (CT) That revealed an intracranial soft tissue lesion measuring 8×7.5×5 cm over the skull’s occipital side, causing destruction of the occipital plates, as shown in Figure (1). Additional evaluation using Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) of the brain showed that the lesion exerted a mass effect by compressing the sagittal sinus, resulting in obstruction as seen in Figure (2). Laboratory investigations revealed several abnormalities, including anemia with a hemoglobin (Hb) level of 9 g/dL, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 98 mm/h, renal impairment with a creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL, and hypercalcemia with a level of 10.5 mg/dL. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were also measured, with the results showing IgG at 601 mg/dL, IgA at 46 mg/dL, IgM at 4 mg/dL, lambda at 56 mg/dL, and κ-light chain at 995 mg/dL. A monoclonal κ-light chain was detected in both the blood and urine tests, indicating the presence of the Bence-Jones protein. Bone marrow biopsy showed almost diffuse neoplastic plasma cell infiltration, as shown in Figure (3). Immunohistochemistry confirmed CD138 positivity for plasma cells, leading to a diagnosis of MM, which was further confirmed by the presence of κ-light chains in both serum and urine.The patient underwent chemotherapy with VRD (Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 11, Dexamethasone 40 mg weekly, Lenalidomide 25 mg for 21 days per cycle) for six cycles followed by five days of radiotherapy (30 GY) targeting the skull.

Food allergy is postulated to originate from cutaneous sensitization through a disrupted skin barrier, particularly in atopic dermatitis (AD). Strategies for food allergy prevention currently centre around early allergic food introduction, but there is now increasing evidence for the role of early skin barrier restoration in the form of prophylactic emollient therapy and early aggressive, proactive treatment of established AD for food allergy prevention. Research gaps that remain to be addressed include the type of emollient or anti-inflammatory medication which confers the greatest efficacy in preventive or proactive skin treatment respectively, the duration of therapy, and the window of opportunity for these interventions.

Affective Touch plays a pivotal role in regulating emotions, fostering social bonds, and nurturing affiliations with others. Its emotional and arousing dimensions rely on specific features of tactile stimulations characterizing gentle human caresses, such as touch velocity and the nature of the stroking source. While previous research has examined the physiological responses to these individual features of Affective Touch, no study has explored how they interact to shape autonomic activity. In this study, we investigated whether and how both the nature of the touching effector (Human hand vs. Artificial hand) and touch type (Dynamic vs. Static) influenced the participants’ pupil dilation and their subjective experience during tactile stimulation. We observed that when participants received a dynamic touch, they displayed an increase in pupil dilation when the touch was promoted by a human compared to an artificial hand, and that such discrimination was absent for static touch. Also, dynamic touch promoted by a human hand invoked a supralinear enhancement of pupil dilation indicating that the combination of these two features induced a significantly stronger autonomic activation than the summed effects of each separately. Moreover, this specific type of touch was perceived as the most pleasant compared to all other tactile stimulations. Overall, our results suggest that pupil dilation could map the pleasant experience of human-to-human tactile interactions, supporting the notion that the autonomic nervous system encodes the emotional and hedonic aspects associated with Affective Touch as a complex and holistic social experience, rather than solely responding to its low-level sensory properties.

The current system for detecting and monitoring water leaks in Kenyan industries is manual and costly. Despite emerging new technological trends, many industries lack automated systems to detect, monitor, and control water leakage due to the high cost of maintenance and installation. This study's objective was to develop an automatic, remote, and real-time detection, monitoring, and, control system for water leaks. The system is made up of two nodes, one at the source and one at the destination or tap. The two nodes are made up of an ESP microcontroller, which is used to control all the connected components. The use of the ESP 32 microcontroller was efficient due to its ability to provide WI-FI. Aside from the solenoid valve, which was used to turn the water flow on or off in the event of leaks, the system also includes the FY-201 water flow sensor, which was used to gauge the amount of water flowing through the pipe. Water leakage is detected when the volume of water passing through the two sensors differs in terms of volume, indicating that a water leakage has just occurred. Thing-Board, an IoT-based platform used to monitor and visualize data from various devices connected, was used for real-time monitoring, visualization, and control. The developed system was tested with different water service providers, and the results showed that the system responds positively to water leakage parameters with capability of monitoring water leakages in a real time.

Herein, we present a method for the homogeneous hydrogenation of nitroarenes to produce aromatic amines using low catalyst loading (1 mo%) of air-stable copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as the catalyst and ammonia borane as the source of hydrogen. A wide range of nitroarenes, featuring diverse functional groups, were selectively transformed into their corresponding primary aromatic amines with high yields. This process can be readily scaled up and exhibits compatibility with various sensitive functional groups, including halogen, trifluoromethyl, aminomethyl, alkenyl, cyano, ester, amide, and hydroxyl. Notably, this catalytic methodology finds application in the synthesis of essential drug compounds. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the in-situ-generated Cu-H species may serve as active intermediates, with reduction pathways involving species such as azobenzene, 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, nitrosobenzene, and N-phenylhydroxylamine.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) described as ancient disease. caused by parasite hemoflagellate Leishmania, CL is widespread and may lead to serious health problems in the Mediterranean and Middle East, including Iraq. D-penicillamine(D-PA) does not have any antibiotic activity, so intralesional D-PA injection for treatment of CL may directly related to its property to enhancement Th1 immune response. Objective: to evaluation the efficacy and safety of intralesional D-PA. Patients and method: All patients enrolled in study have two or more lesions that divided in two categories, Category A (penicillamine group): Intralesional (5%) D-PA was used as therapy. Category B (control group): No treatment was getting for patients in this group. Results: A total of 49 patients with 144 lesions of acute CL have been enrolled in study. Category A: 95 lesions were treated, 87(91.15%) lesions showed cure, of which 69(72.6%) lesions have complete response and 18(18.9%) lesions have marked response after 3 to 6 sessions. The remaining 8(8.4%) patients showed moderate response after 6 sessions. Category B: controlled 49 lesions showed no sign of healing, apart from 5(10.2%) lesions became ulcerated at end of study. Conclusion: Intralesional D- penicillamine is new, safe, affordable and effective treatment of CL.

Background: According to the Th1/Th2 paradigm, the expansion of Th1-type clones in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus results in reduced Th2-type clones, preventing the development of atopic diseases and vice versa. However, there is no consensus regarding the direct or inverse relationship between autoimmune and atopic diseases. Objective: The aim was to examine the knowledge gap about the possibility of coexistence of asthma and T1DM and determine the prevalence of this association. Methods: A scoping review was conducted, following the proposal of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The PCC strategy was used to formulate the guiding question “What is the prevalence of asthma in people with T1DM?”. After excluding duplicate articles, analyzing titles and abstracts, and excluding articles that did not answer the guiding question, 17 articles were included in this review. Results: Most of the articles selected conformed to the Th1/Th2 hypothesis, as the prevalence of asthma was lower in individuals with T1DM. However, similar or higher prevalence of asthma was found between cases and controls in few articles. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma in people with T1DM ranged from 1.7% to 23.1%. Maybe the mechanisms that characterizes the Th1/Th2 paradigm aren’t as simple as just the interaction of certain cytokines, since Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases and Th2- mediated atopy can coexist.

A document by Rita Fideles. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Ahmed Qasim Mohammed Alhatemi. Click on the document to view its contents.

The INTEGRATE system is a gene-editing approach that offers advantages over the widely used CRISPR-Cas9 system. It does not introduce double strand breaks in the target DNA but rather integrates the desired DNA sequence directly into it. The first step in the integration process is PAM recognition, which is critical to understanding and optimizing the system. Experimental testing revealed varying integration efficiencies of different PAM mutants, and computational simulations were carried out to gain mechanistic insight into the conformational changes of Cas8 during PAM recognition. Our results showed that the interaction between Arg246 and Guanine at position (-1) of the target strand is critical for PAM recognition. We found that unfavorable interactions in the 5’-AC-3’ PAM mutant disrupted this interaction and may be responsible for its 0% integration efficiency. Additionally, we discovered that PAM sequences not only initiate the integration process but also regulate it through an allosteric mechanism that connects the N-terminal domain and the helical bundle of Cas8. This allosteric regulation was present in all PAMs tested, even those with lower integration efficiencies, such as 5’-TC-3’ and 5’-AC-3’. We identified the Cas8 residues that are involved in this regulation. Our findings provide valuable insights into PAM recognition mechanisms in the INTEGRATE system and can help improve the gene-editing technology.

Logic locking has been established as a promising hardware obfuscation technique used in modern integrated circuits (ICs) to protect intellectual property (IP) from various hardware attacks. CMOS based logic locking design techniques introduce high propagation delay and energy consumption overhead with CMOS scaling due the extra logic gates introduced (increased area) for logic locking. In this work, Negative capacitance FETs (NCFETs) with circuit co-design has been explored for the first time to demonstrate robust and low area/energy consumption overhead logic locking designs for hardware obfuscation applied to a PRIDE S-box design at V DD=0.5V. At circuit level, we have explored the suitability of static complementary logic (SCL) vs pass transistor logic (PTL) with NCFETs for effective logic locking designs. Pass transistor logic designs though seem to be area efficient but are not robust with CMOS technology and this has been overcome using NCFETs with an optimal t fe value to get full logic swing for robust designs. Due to the steep slope characteristics of NCFETs, NCFET based PRIDE S-box logic locking design with SCL exhibit ~30.10% energy consumption overhead when compared to the NCFET SCL design without logic locking, whereas baseline static CMOS design with logic locking incur ~37.56% energy consumption overhead. Further, NCFET PTL based PRIDE S-box with logic locking design at an optimal t fe reduce the energy consumption by ~61.62% and number of transistors (area) by ~ 48% when compared to the equivalent NCFET design with logic locking using SCL.

In this work, the harmonic balance approach is applied to a 2D non linear finite-element magnetic model with motion, coupled to a non linear circuit. The case study comprises a six-pole three-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet generator connected to a six-pulse full-wave diode bridge rectifier. Simulations are performed at fixed generator speed in two operating cases: with a open-circuit DC bus and supplying a load resistance. Both time stepping and harmonic balance approaches are deeply discussed focusing on the model under study, along with relevant implementation details. Harmonic balance results are compared with benchmark time stepping simulations in terms of voltage and current waveforms, progressively expanding the harmonic spectrum. The computational cost of the two approaches is reported as well. Simulation accuracy is satisfying with regard to time stepping benchmark results: relative errors on total harmonic distortion and global root-mean-square values are lower than 3% and 1%, respectively. However, the time stepping approach outperforms the harmonic balance one, due to the relatively short initial transient of the chosen case study. Further improvements on practical implementation are needed to exploit the potentialities of harmonic balance technique.

Heterozygosity is frequently used to describe variation in genetic diversity amongst populations and is often estimated using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, methods of calculating heterozygosity from SNPs have been shown to be affected study design and filtering parameters, reducing their utility and comparability across studies. Though solutions have been proposed to account for identified problems, in our own data, we continued to see inconsistent results. Here, we aimed to further improve methods of reducing inconsistency in these results, specifically by investigating how sample size and missing data thresholds influenced autosomal estimates of heterozygosity (heterozygosity calculated from across the genome, i.e., both fixed and variable sites). We also investigated how the exclusion of tri- and tetra-allelic sites, which is generally standard practice in such studies, could affect eventual estimates of heterozygosity. Across three distinct taxa (a frog, Litoria rubella; a tree, Eucalyptus microcarpa; and a grasshopper, Keyacris scurra) we found autosomal heterozygosity estimates to be affected by samples size when missing data is not allowed and show that this is partly due to the exclusion of tri- and tetra-allelic loci. We also show that the biases introduced by these factors are not consistent between species, or even populations, with higher levels of actual heterozygosity tending to result in larger adverse effects. We propose a modified framework for calculating heterozygosity to reduce these inherent issues and highlight the need for further development in methods such that tri- and tetra-allelic sites can be included in the calculation of population genomics statistics.

Background: Defining the reliability of oscillometry (NIBP) for measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP) during normotension and hypovolemic hypotension could help with cardiovascular monitoring in horses anaesthetised in dorsal recumbency. Objectives: To assess equivalence between NIBP and invasive MAP during normotension and hypovolemic hypotension in dorsally recumbent, anaesthetised horses. Study Design: Prospective experimental study using 9 cardiovascularly healthy mature horses. Methods: Under isoflurane anaesthesia, blood was removed every 10 minutes at 5 ml/kg bwt increments up to 25 ml/kg bwt and returned. Paired NIBP and invasive MAP measurements (facial, transverse facial, and metatarsal arteries; FA, TFA, MT) were obtained prior to and during blood removal/return and tested for equivalence using linear mixed-effects model. Sensitivity and specificity of NIBP to detect hypotension (MAP < 70 mmHg) were calculated, and an optimum NIBP MAP cut-off for hypotension was estimated. Results: A total of 257 paired NIBP and invasive MAP were compared. NIBP was equivalent to invasive MAP measured at the FA ( p = 0.3; M = -1, 95% CI [-3, 0.5]), with 88% sensitivity and 73% specificity to detect hypotension (defined as MAP < 70 mmHg in the FA). NIBP and MAP measurements from the FA remained equivalent when a standard 27 mmHg heart level correction was used ( p = 0.4; M = 1, 95% CI [-1, 3]). NIBP MAP < 80 mmHg using a heart level correction of 27 mmHg (or MAP < 107 mmHg without correction) is the optimum value defining hypotension (best balance between sensitivity, 95%, and specificity, 65%). Main limitations: Only adult horses in dorsal recumbency were studied. Conclusions: NIBP, as studied here, was equivalent to invasive MAP in the FA under normotension and hypovolemic hypotension. A NIBP MAP < 80 mmHg after 27 mmHg heart level correction appears to be the optimum value defining hypotension.

This paper proposes a readout scheme that utilizes a pair of differential-clocks-assisted time-to-digital converter (DCA-TDC) in CMOS image sensors (CISs). The DCA-TDC utilizes only half the number of ordinary TDC delay chain units by employing a binary-weighted search algorithm to determine the most significant bit (MSB) for fine quantization of a single-slope analog-to-digital converter (SSADC). The layout area and dynamic power introduced by the improved DCA-TDC delay chain are reduced by half compared to an ordinary TDC delay chain. The proposed SS ADC is designed and simulated using the 0.11 µm standard CMOS process. In the design environment with an analog voltage of 3.3 V, a digital voltage of 1.5 V, a clock frequency of 62.5 MHz, and a temporal resolution of 500 ps, this design is an 11-bit ADC with column-level power consumption of 65.4 µW, a row conversion time of 2.72 µs. Furthermore, it achieves an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 10.75 and a figure-of-merit (FoM) of 103.3 fJ/step. By interpolating a DCA-TDC, the quantization speed is faster than a traditional SS ADC. This scheme offers an effective solution for implementing high-frame-rate CISs.