First-trimester exposure to tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis: A case report of a healthy newborn and literature reviewArteen Arzivian1,2, Eva Zhang1, Robyn Laube1, Rupert Leong1,21 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, Australia.2Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

The present study focuses on the calibration of a three-tube pressure probe with an inner diameter of 1.2 mm and different chamfer angles. The heads of the two lateral tube of the probe were chamfered at an angle ranging from 25° to 45° with an increment of 5°. These chamfered probes were placed in a suction type subsonic wind tunnel with a flow speed of 20 m/s. The tests were conducted for multiple yaw angles ranging from +45° to -45°. Using the data obtained from the wind tunnel testing, dimensional-less function of pressure from different tubes were created. The prepared functions can be used for the required combination of varying chamfer angles and varying yaw angles simultaneously.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with the increased incidence of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), an infrequent ocular disorder. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning AMN in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection (AMN-SARS-CoV-2) remain elusive. Methods: In this case-control study 14 patients diagnosed with AMN-SARS-CoV-2 between 2022/12 and 2023/3 were enrolled in this study. 14 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without AMN (SARS-CoV-2-no AMN) as control. 14 AMN-SARS-CoV-2 patients were compared with 14 SARS-CoV-2-no AMN. Metabolomic profiling using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Online Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-OE-MS) revealed significant alterations in serum metabolites in AMN-SARS-CoV-2 patients. Abnormal blood clotting was observed in AMN-SARS-CoV-2 patients, and its relationship with metabolic disorders was studied. Finally, a predictive model for AMN-SARS-CoV-2 was established. Results: 76 upregulated and 42 downregulated metabolites were discovered in AMN-SARS-CoV-2. Notably, arginine metabolism within the urea cycle showed substantial changes, evidenced by variations in ornithine, citrulline, L-proline, and ADAM levels, correlating with abnormal coagulation markers like platelet crit (PCT), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), and fibrinogen (Fbg). Additionally, increased arginase 1 (AGR1) activity within the urea cycle and reduced nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were observed in AMN-SARS-CoV-2. Combining these urea cycle metabolites with coagulation parameters effectively distinguished AMN-SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV-2-no AMN, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.96. Conclusion: The findings of the present study enhance our comprehension of the underlying metabolic mechanisms associated with AMN-SARS-CoV-2 and offer potential diagnostic markers for this uncommon ocular disorder within the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

MM is an incurable cancer in the bone marrow. The treatment of MM has developed significantly during the last 20 years, which has resulted in increased survival. Daratumumab is the first CD38 antibody approved for treatment of MM. It has improved the treatment of MM even further. This is an evaluation of the modes of action of daratumumab and a description of the development of resistance with focus on inhibitory checkpoint receptors on CD8+ T-cells, complement activation and extracellular vesicles.

Macronutrients, such as proteins and fats, play a vital role in host immunity and can influence host-pathogen dynamics, potentially through dietary effects on gut microbiota. To increase our understanding of how feeding behavior and macronutrient selection are influenced by a direct and perceived immune threat and whether shifts in macronutrient intake affect the composition of the gut microbiome, we conducted two experiments. First, we determined if zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) exhibit shifts in physiology and gut microbiota when fed diets differing in macronutrient ratios. Second, we simulated an infection in birds using the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and quantified feeding behavior in immune challenged and control individuals, as well as birds housed near either a control pair (no immune threat), or birds housed near a pair given an immune challenge with LPS (social cue of heightened infection risk). We also examined whether social cues of infection alter physiological responses relevant to responding to an immune threat, an effect that could be mediated through shifts in feeding behavior. In the first experiment, protein diets decreased the abundance of the bacterial Phylum Campylobacterota. Further, diet treatment disrupted relationships between gut microbiota alpha diversity and physiological metrics. In the second experiment, LPS induced a reduction in caloric intake driven by a decrease in protein, but not fat consumption. No evidence was found for socially induced shifts in feeding behavior, physiology, or gut microbiota. However, fat consumption decreased gut microbial diversity regardless of treatment. Our findings carry implications for host health, as sickness-induced anorexia and diet-induced shifts in the microbiome could shape host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose Pregnancies ending before gestational week 12 are common but not notified to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Our goal was to develop an algorithm that more completely detects and dates pregnancy outcomes by using diagnostic codes from primary and secondary care registries to complement information from the birth registry. Methods We used nationwide linked registry data between 2008 and 2018 in a hierarchical manner: We developed an algorithm to arrive at unique pregnancy outcomes, considering codes within 56 days as the same event. To infer gestational age of pregnancy outcomes before gestational week 12, we used the median gestational week of pregnancy markers (45 ICD-10 codes and 9 ICPC-2 codes). When no pregnancy markers were available, we assigned outcome-specific gestational age estimates. The performance of the algorithm was assessed by blinded clinicians. Results Using only the medical birth registry, we identified 649,703 pregnancies, including 1,369 (0.2%) miscarriages and 3,058 (0.5%) elective terminations. With the new algorithm, we detected 859,449 pregnancies, including 642,712 live-births (74.8%), 112,257 miscarriages (13.1%), 94,664 elective terminations (11.0%), 6,429 ectopic pregnancies (0.7%), 2,564 stillbirths (0.3%), and 823 molar pregnancies (0.1%). The median gestational age was 10 +0 weeks (IQR 10 +0-11 +3) for miscarriages and 8 +0 weeks (IQR 8 +0-9 +6) for elective terminations. Gestational age could be inferred using pregnancy markers for 66.3% of miscarriages and 47.2% of elective terminations. Conclusion The pregnancy algorithm improved the detection and dating of early non-live pregnancy outcomes that would have gone unnoticed if relying solely on the medical birth registry information.

The Mediterranean Sea is a region threatened by fast environmental changes and high coastal human impacts. Over the last decade, recurrent blooms of the harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata have been recorded in many Mediterranean beaches. Here we investigate whether the spatial-temporal distribution of this microalga and the frequency of its blooms could be altered in future regional climate change scenarios, with a special focus in the Western basin. An ecological niche model forced by physical and biogeochemical high-resolution climate change simulations under the strong greenhouse gas emission trajectory (RCP8.5) was used to characterize how O. cf. ovata may respond to projected conditions and how its distribution could shift in this plausible future. Before being applied to the niche model, the future climate change simulations are further refined by using a statistical adaptation method (Cumulative Distribution Function transform) to improve the representativity of the environmental parameters. Our results depict that O. cf. ovata abundances are driven by temperature (optimum 23-26 °C), high salinity (> 38 psu) and high inorganic nutrient concentrations (nitrate > 0.25 mmol N·m-3 and phosphate > 0.035 mmol P·m-3). Future projections suggest no changes in bloom intensity for mid- and end-century. Nevertheless high spatial disparities in future abundances are observed.. Namely, O. cf. ovata abundances could increase in the Mediterranean coasts of France, Spain and the Adriatic Sea while a decrease is expected in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The bloom period could also be enlarged, starting earlier and extending later in the year, which could have important consequences on marine ecosystems, human health and economy. From a methodological point of view, this study highlights good practices of ecological niche models in the context of climate change to identify sensitive areas for current and future harmful algal blooms.

IntroductionPostoperative atrioventricular block (AVB) has been reported in 1% to 6% of patients after cardiac surgery and 25% to 60% of these patients will finally need a permanent pacemaker (PPM).1-4To avoid tricuspid valve (TV) malfunction, implantation of transvenous pacing leads is generally not preferred in presence of the tricuspid bioprosthesis.5Leadless pacemakers (LLP) have recently become popular in treatment of heart blocks and bradyarrhythmia due to their proven safety and efficacy.6,7 LLPs have advantages of avoiding complications encountered with conventional transvenous pacemakers including infection, lead malfunction, and tricuspid valve regurgitation.8,9 Epicardial pacemaker is the standard recommendation in the setting of prior tricuspid valve surgery. However, prior cardiac surgeries are usually associated with significant pericardial adhesion and most surgeons prefer not to implant epicardial leads in this setting due to impaired electrical properties of pericardial leads in the setting of pericardial adhesions. Therefore, LLPs can be a safe choice for patients with TV surgeries and postoperative AVB. There is a few data about the LLP implantation in presence of the bioprosthetic TV (BTV).10-12 In this report, we described a case of Micra-VR implantation across the BTV in a patient with repaired congenital heart disease.

Boesenbergia kalakadensis (Zingiberaceae), a new species, from the Kalakad region of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), in the Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu, India is described and illustrated here by including the information on its distribution, habitat, phenology, ecology and conservation status.

IntroductionTrichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis ) is a common protozoan parasite that causes sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. It is estimated that there are approximately 156 million new cases reported each year worldwide, affecting both men and women (1). Many patients with T. vaginalis infection experience dysuria and urethral discharge. In males, infections are often asymptomatic but can occasionally lead to mild prostatitis or urethritis (2). T. vaginalis should be considered in sexually active males who have urethral symptoms or inflammation but no evidence of discharge during physical examination (3). While non-sexual transmission of T. vaginalis is rare, sexual activity is believed to be the primary mode of transmission (4). This extracellular parasite uses epithelial cells for adhesion to infiltrate the human host, with the urogenital tract being the typical host tissue (5). In this case report, we present the case of a 95-year-old man with a T. vaginalis infection that does not affect the expected urogenital tract.

Real-world dynamical control systems are often subject to input saturation due to the physical constraints of actuators. This causes the response performance of the system to be reduced due to the effect of input saturation. To this end, we propose a finite-time performance enhanced bounded control (FTPE-BC) method based on sliding mode control for finite time tracking of linear systems with input saturation. In this method, an approach rate based on inverse tangent function is proposed to make the system converge in finite time. A bounded controller based on sliding mode control is proposed, in which two control parameters are introduced to reduce steady-state error, settling time and overshoot. Meanwhile, the finite-time stability of the system is proved in a domain of attraction. The parameters selection principle of the controller is given to improve the transient and steady-state performance of the closed-loop system. The simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed method in the transient and steady-state performance enhancement.

Unveiling the Menace of Incidental Insidious Chronic Kidney Disease due to Posterior Urethral Valve - A Case Report

Coastal dunes are the highest natural features on the beach. They protect the beach communities and low-energy environments from storms by virtue of their elevation. Their formation is a result of delicate coupling between accretional and erosional processes. Here we study the influence of vegetation on dune growth and recovery under water-driven erosion utilizing a process-based coastal model under a stochastic framework. An equivalence of this model is first established with a recently developed stochastic model of dune evolution under water-erosional stress. From the model vegetation parameters: the vegetation growth time and colonization time are quantified and their relation with characteristic dune growth times is established. Vegetation causes an initial lag in dune formation due to the colonization time. Also, the dune growth under the influence of vegetation is found to be divided into two regimes, stable and mobile. Within the stable regime, the influence of vegetation on dune recovery is quantified by the colonization time, and its competition with water-driven erosion is analyzed. This leads to the development of a phase space relating to flooding frequency, intensity, dune growth, and dune establishment times. The dune state transitions from high to barren based on the competing dune recovery time controlled by vegetation and the flooding frequency. Finally, a vulnerability indicator is obtained from the transition threshold as a minimum base elevation after an overwash required by the beach for vegetation to recover and establish dunes that overcome frequent flooding.

This study analyzes how national intersectoral public policy experiences have been adopted and implemented using a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach in the past two decades. It seeks to provide evidence on enabling factors that triggered three effective intersectoral public policies to improve population health in Mexico by improving nutritional, educational, and healthcare access conditions, reducing road traffic injuries, and addressing obesogenic feeding practices. We followed a qualitative approach to analyze the three intersectoral public policies selected as case studies. First, we designed an analytical framework to assess how intersectoral public policies are adopted, implemented, and sustained. The proposed framework is based on peer-reviewed articles and grey public policy literature. Second, we used information from eleven semi-structured interviews to key stakeholders conducted in previous research to identify more specific enablers and barriers of the three intersectoral policies selected according to predefined analytical categories used in the questionnaire. The analysis showed three overall key findings. First, sound empirical evidence is essential for adopting a HiAP approach. Second effective intersectoral mechanisms enhance implementation feasibility. Third, results-based monitoring and evaluation contribute to the continuity of the analyzed intersectoral public policies. Finally, political support is needed throughout the policy process to maintain governance capacity and deliver results. Finally, we drew five global policy lessons that may be applicable in similar public policy settings in other countries. First, both technical and political enablers help set the intersectoral agenda. Second, effective communication is instrumental in convincing all stakeholders to address public health-related policy issues. Third, political support at the highest level possible and the federal government’s capacity are essential to implement sound policies. Fourth, several enablers exist for enhancing collaboration between ministries during implementation. Finally, monitoring and evaluation results are necessary for sustaining intersectoral policies beyond administrations.

SUMMARY A new name is proposed for a rare species of Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) restricted to south-western Tanzania, northern Zambia and Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo). The new name, Chlorophytum restrictum Kativu, is published for Chlorophytum minor Kativu (Nordic J. Bot. 13: 502-503, 1993)).

Comment on Nemet et al.Chen Wang, MD, MSc1; Jian-Te Lee, MD, MPH1,21Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, TaiwanTo the editor,We read with great interest the article entitled ‘Food-induced anaphylaxis during infancy is associated with later sleeping and eating disorders’ by Nemet and colleagues1. The retrospective study suggests that food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) diagnosis in the first 3 years of life is associated with an increased risk of developing eating and sleeping disorders in the following average of 6.5 years. We congratulate the authors for their findings; however, several methodological issues should be addressed before applying the result to clinical suggestions.First, the authors include parameters such as sex, age, ethnicity, and socio-economic status for propensity score matching in Table 11. However, several other factors may lead to potential confounding. Tsai et al.2 reported familial aggregation of IgE-mediated food allergy and heritability of food-specific IgE, indicating genetic factors may play a role in developing FIA. Pettersson et al.3 suggested genetic and environmental roles in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. We suggest adding the patient’s family history of psychological disorders (PDs) and food allergies as matching characteristics. Dietary patterns and antibiotic use4,5 could also contribute to residual confounding.As the authors stated, one of the limitations is that the study does not include atopic dermatitis and asthma. It is noted that allergic rhinitis should also be considered an important confounding factor6. On the other hand, primary caregivers’ strict compliance with children’s diet restrictions and behavioral education could serve as secondary stress for developing psychological disorders1. This raises the question of whether the association between FIA and eating and sleeping disorders is due to biological factors or behavioral causes.In addition, analyzing the patients’ age categories into <3 and 3– 18 years could result in heterogeneity of the study population. Gupta et al.5 reported that a history of skin infection and eczema is associated with an increased prevalence of food allergy. This shows children with different ages of FIA onset may represent varied immune states and biological characteristics. Categorizing 3 to 18 years into one age group could miss information related to health state changes across different ages. We recommend separating the 3 to 18 age groups into preadolescence (4 to 12 years) and adolescence (12 to 18 years) when evaluating controls and patients with FIA, with and without psychological disorders, to minimize population heterogeneity.The Kaplan-Meier curves in Figure 11 showing the incidences of psychological disorders, sleeping, and eating disorders over the study period are questionable. Patients with FIA demonstrate higher cumulative risks of psychological disorders from the beginning, especially for any PDs and eating disorders, implicating the two study groups may have different baseline characteristics. Possible reasons include selection bias and residual confounding in propensity score matching. Moreover, although the 1:10 referent matching on the propensity score increases statistical power, higher referent matches could narrow the selection of the target population, losing subjects of interest. Thus, it might be inaccurate to transport the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) of FIA to the unmatched population7. This needs to be considered when making generalizable references to the research conclusion.Finally, this retrospective study includes data from 2001 through 2021, with 20 years of range. We suggest the authors provide secular FIA diagnostic rates across these years. The FIA diagnostic rates may change over time, leading to biased exposure estimates and an underestimation or overestimation of the association between FIA and PDs. Additionally, there has been a steep increase in the prevalence of food allergy worldwide in the past years, indicating that altered dietary patterns and environmental factors could result in different FIA incidences through the years4. We suggest the authors divide the 20-year study period into 5-year time blocks to observe exposure changes related to the association of FIA and PDs.To conclude, the study shows an important result of food-induced anaphylaxis and psychological disorders. We should be careful when evaluating the association between FIA and PDs, the generalizability of the study result, and whether it should be restricted to the Jewish and Arab populations. Finally, health education on FIA management and the psychological well-being of the children and caregivers should hold equal importance as accurately diagnosing FIA.(680 words)References1. Nemet S, Elbirt D, Mahlab-Guri K, et al. Food-induced anaphylaxis during infancy is associated with later sleeping and eating disorders.Pediatr Allergy Immunol Off Publ Eur Soc Pediatr Allergy Immunol . 2023;34(12):e14061.2. Tsai HJ, Kumar R, Pongracic J, et al. Familial aggregation of food allergy and sensitization to food allergens: a family-based study.Clin Exp Allergy J Br Soc Allergy Clin Immunol . 2009;39(1):101-109.3. Pettersson E, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, et al. Genetic influences on eight psychiatric disorders based on family data of 4 408 646 full and half-siblings, and genetic data of 333 748 cases and controls.Psychol Med . 2019;49(7):1166-1173.4. Zhang Q, Zhang C, Zhang Y, et al. Early-life risk factors for food allergy: Dietary and environmental factors revisited. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf . 2023;22(6):4355-4377.5. Gupta RS, Singh AM, Walkner M, et al. Hygiene factors associated with childhood food allergy and asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc . 2016;37(6):e140-e146.6. Muliol J, Maurer M, Bousquet J. Sleep and allergic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol . 2008;18(6):415-419.7. Kurth T, Walker AM, Glynn RJ, et al. Results of Multivariable Logistic Regression, Propensity Matching, Propensity Adjustment, and Propensity-based Weighting under Conditions of Nonuniform Effect.Am J Epidemiol . 2006;163(3):262-270.

Myrosinase is an enzyme that activates a group of metabolites, namely glucosinolates, which are involved in the defense against herbivores and pathogens. In Arabidopsis thaliana, THIOGLUCOSIDE GLUCOHYDROLASE 1 (TGG1) and TGG2 are two myrosinases that accumulate in specialized myrosin cells of rosette leaves. Here, we show that prolonged exposure to the wounding hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) enhances TGG1 and TGG2 expression independent of the canonical jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. We found that airborne MeJA treatment for up to 5-days enhanced both TGG1 and TGG2 gene expression and their protein levels in Arabidopsis leaves. TGG1 and TGG2 gene expression did not stop in two JA signaling pathway mutants, namely coi1-16 and myc2,3,4, after 5-days of MeJA treatment, although other typical JA responses were completely stopped in these two mutants. FAMA is a transcription factor that participates in the specification of myrosin cell development, but it does not appear to be involved in TGG1 and TGG2 gene expression regulation in the 5-day MeJA treatment, as its expression did not increase. Taken together, our results suggest the existence of an alternative JA signaling pathway that is activated by long-term exposure to MeJA.

Interseismic coupling maps and, especially, estimates of the location of the fully coupled (locked) zone relative to the trench, coastline, and slow slip events are crucial for determining megathrust earthquake hazard at subduction zones. We present a physically motivated interseismic coupling inversion that explicitly incorporates locked zones with boundaries bordering an updip transition zone creeping at constant stress and a downdip transition zone with creep rate distributions consistent with updip propagation of the creep front into the locked zone. We show that the locked zone at Cascadia is west of the coastline and 10 km updip of the slow slip zone along much of the margin, widest (25-125 km, extending to ~22 km depth) in northern Cascadia, narrowest (0-70 km) in central Cascadia, with moment accumulation rate equivalent to a Mw 8.78 and Mw 8.89 earthquake for 300- and 500-year earthquake cycles. We find a steep gradient in creep immediately below the locked zone, indicative of propagating creep, along the entire margin. At Nankai, we find three distinct zones of locking (offshore Shikoku, offshore southeast Kii peninsula, and offshore Shima peninsula) with a total moment accumulation rate equivalent to a Mw 8.73 earthquake for a 150-year earthquake cycle. The bottom of the locked zone is nearly under the coastline for all three locked regions at Nankai and is positioned 0-5 km updip of the the slow slip zone. In contrast with Cascadia, creep rate gradients below the locked zone at Nankai are generally gradual, consistent with stationary locking.

A document by Saraswati Thapa. Click on the document to view its contents.

Meningeal metastases (LM) are a common complication of malignant tumors that progress rapidly and have a poor prognosis. Meningeal metastasis may be a combination of intracellular and extracellular factors. The linkage between the C3 signaling pathway and the EGFR ligand regulatory protein pathway may be one of the reasons why NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations are prone to brain/meningeal metastasis. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology is the gold standard for diagnosing meningeal metastases. There are various clinical treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and so on. The incidence rate of meningeal metastatic carcinoma is increasing year by year. This article reviews the research progress in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of meningeal metastatic carcinoma of lung cancer.

Molecular techniques like metabarcoding, while promising for exploring diversity of communities, are often impeded by the lack of reference DNA sequences available for taxonomic annotation. Our study explores the benefits of combining targeted DNA barcoding and morphological taxonomy to improve metabarcoding efficiency, using beach meiofauna as a case study. Beaches are globally important ecosystems and are inhabited by meiofauna, microscopic animals living in the interstitial space between the sand grains, which play a key role in coastal biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics. However, research on meiofauna faces challenges due to limited taxonomic expertise and sparse sampling. We generated 775 new cytochrome c oxidase I DNA barcodes from meiofauna specimens collected along the Netherlands’ west coast and combined them with the NCBI GenBank database. We analysed alpha and beta diversity in 561 metabarcoding samples from 24 North Sea beaches, a region extensively studied for meiofauna, using both the enriched reference database and the NCBI database without the additional reference barcodes. Our results show a 2.5-fold increase in sequence annotation and a doubling of species-level Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) identification when annotating the metabarcoding data with the enhanced database. Additionally, our analyses revealed a bell-shaped curve of OTU richness across the intertidal zone, aligning more closely with morphological analysis patterns, and more defined community dissimilarity patterns between supralittoral and intertidal sites. Our research highlights the importance of expanding molecular reference databases and combining morphological taxonomy with molecular techniques for biodiversity assessments, ultimately improving our understanding of coastal ecosystems.

Riccia fluitans, an amphibious liverwort, exhibits a fascinating adaptation mechanism to transition between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Utilizing nanopore direct RNA sequencing, we try to capture the complex epitranscriptomic changes undergo in response to land-water transition. A significant finding is the identification of 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with a split of 33 downregulated in terrestrial forms and 12 upregulated in aquatic forms, indicating a robust transcriptional response to environmental changes. Analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications revealed 173 m6A sites in aquatic and only 27 sites in the terrestrial forms, indicating a significant increase in methylation in the former, which could facilitate rapid adaptation to changing environments. The aquatic form showed a global elongation bias in poly(A) tails, which is associated with increased mRNA stability and efficient translation, enhancing the plant’s resilience to water stress. Significant differences in polyadenylation signals were observed between the two forms, with nine transcripts showing notable changes in tail length, suggesting an adaptive mechanism to modulate mRNA stability and translational efficiency in response to environmental conditions. This differential methylation and polyadenylation underline a sophisticated layer of post-transcriptional regulation, enabling Riccia fluitans to fine-tune gene expression in response to its living conditions. These insights into transcriptome dynamics offer a deeper understanding of plant adaptation strategies at the molecular level, contributing to the broader knowledge of plant biology and evolution.These findings underscore the sophisticated post-transcriptional regulatory strategies Riccia fluitans employs to navigate the challenges of aquatic versus terrestrial living, highlighting the plant’s dynamic adaptation to environmental stresses and its utility as a model for studying adaptation mechanisms in amphibious plants.

This research analyses the snow depth distribution in canopy gaps across two plots in Central Pyrenees, to improve understanding of snow–forest and topography interactions. Snow depth maps, forest structure–canopy gap (FSCG) characteristics and topographic variables were generated by applying Structure from Motion algorithms (SfM) to images acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Six flights were conducted under different snowpack conditions in 2021, 2022 and 2023. Firstly, the snow depth database was analyzed in terms of the ratio between the radius of the canopy gap and the maximum height of the surrounding trees ( r/ h), in order to classify the gaps as small-size, medium-size, large-size or open areas at both sites independently. Then the Kendall correlation coefficients between the snow depth, FSCG and topographic variables were computed, and a Random Forest (RF) model for each survey day was implemented, to determine the influence of these variables for explaining snow depth patterns. The results demonstrate the high reliability of the UAV SfM photogrammetry approach for measuring snowpack dynamics at fine scale in canopy gaps and open areas. At site 1, the larger the r/ h observed, the greater was the snow depth obtained. This pattern was not evident at site 2, which presented high variability related to the survey dates and categories, highlighting the relevance of topography for determining optimum snow accumulation in forested areas. Slope systematically exhibited a negative and significant correlation with snow depth, and was consistently the highest-ranked variable for explaining snow distribution at both sites according to the RF models. Distance to the Canopy Edge also presented high influence, especially at site 1. The findings suggest differences in the main drivers throughout each site and survey of the topographic and FSCG variables are needed to understand snow depth distribution over heterogeneous mountain forest domains.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as the early stage of Dementia, which has negative correlation in cognitive behavior, neuroelectrophysiology, and brain structure. This article reviews literature focusing on the impact of fitness exercise intervention on elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. The results indicate that aerobic fitness exercise intervention can enhance biochemical indicators and brain activity, while aerobic Tai Chi intervention can improve general cognitive and executive performance; The intervention of “aerobic+resistance” fitness exercise has a better effect on improving memory function; the combination of “multiple fitness exercises” and “fitness exercises+cognitive training” can improve executive function and prevent brain atrophy.