Title:A 36-week preterm newborn with gastroschisis: A rare Case Report .Mouhammed Sleiay a,+, Bilal Sleiay a, Hasan Alsmoudi a, Mohammad ali abshia, Ahmad Buz a, Ahmed Merzaa, Hadi Alabdullah a, Mohammad Besher Fansa a, FERAS ALHARROUSH b.

Identical physical principles dictate the formulation of transpiration and sap flow. Yet, a hiatus separates the ways the conduction of water in the vapor and liquid phases are dimensioned, leading to the elaboration of conflicting response mechanisms to water stress. An analysis prompted by the discrepancy between the dimensionality assigned to water vapor conductance for transpiration and that assigned to hydraulic conductance for sap flow reveals that capacitance combines with conductance to determine the respective transport rates. For transpiration, the capability of air to accept or release water vapor qualified as pneumatic capacitance, derived from theory, is equal to the reciprocal of the barometric pressure. The conductance is set by the network of diffusive and convective air paths where stomatal aperture is the ruling biological component. For sap flow the current view is that the proportionality between flux density and motive water potential difference is the hydraulic conductance, disregarding that its physical dimensions lump conductance and capacitance. Plant hydraulic capacitance derives from measured water retention curves. It varies according to water potential which is determined by the metabolic regulation of living cell osmolarity. Hydraulic conductance is set by abiotic factors: friction and water column cohesion in dead xylem conduits. Lumping the two properties into a single parameter erroneously defined as plant hydraulic conductance confounds the factors affecting sap flow, precluding a scientifically sound investigation of plant hydraulics.

The semi-global stabilization of a class of cascade systems (e.g., partially linear composite systems) is investigated via partial state feedback. The system comprises a nonlinear subsystem with a cross-term and a linear subsystem in the Byrnes-Isidori normal form. The cross-term that involves any two consecutive states of chains of integrators is incorporated into the nonlinear subsystem. Based on the established lemma for separate design, the semi-global stabilization problem for the entire composite system is reduced to stabilizing its linear subsystem subject to non-peaking constraints on the consecutive states. To address the later problem, a linear low-and-high gain feedback law is developed in the backstepping manner, which can be recognized as partial state feedback for the composite system as it uses only the states of the linear subsystem.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, and has a role in muscle relaxation. Type-A botulinum toxin (TABX) is used widely in cosmetics and rehabilitation fields. TABX can be used to remove wrinkles, treat facial spasms, reduce muscular tension, and relieve pain. However, adverse reactions such as respiratory paralysis, swallowing difficulties, upper-eyelid ptosis, and local necrotizing fasciitis are associated with its use. Herein, we describe a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage caused by intramuscular injection of TABX in both lower limbs. Cases of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after injection of TABX into the muscles of both lower limbs are rare. For patients with an allergic constitution, a skin test should be undertaken when TABX to prolong the observation time. If the reaction is confirmed to be related to TABX, antitoxin treatment should be implemented immediately.

Objective: Hirschsprung is a congenital disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. However, pelvic colorectal surgery in infancy has been hypothesised to impact gynaecological outcomes in later life. Describe sexual function and fertility outcomes in women with Hirschsprung disease compared to population controls. Assess factors associated with poor outcomes (sexual dysfunction and subfertility). Design: International multicentre cross-sectional cohort study with population-matched controls Setting: Status post-discharge from paediatric services Population: Female patients aged > 20 years Methods: Validated questionnaire based survey with linkage to patient medical records. Comparison with controls using Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s Exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression using outcomes of sexual dysfunction and subfertility. Main Outcome Measures: Sexual Dysfunction (Female Sexual Function Index; FSFI ≤ 26), Subfertility at 1 and 2 years. Results: Sexual dysfunction as per the FSFI was more common in patients and associated with poor functional outcomes; sexual abstinence seemed to associate even moreso with poor bowel outcomes. Subfertility was higher in patients compared to controls (1 year: 21/45 (47%) vs 38/178 (21%), p=0.0008; 2 years: 12/45 (27%) vs 17/178 (10%), p=0.004). There was an increased proportion of patients who had accessed fertility services (20/45 (44%) vs 43/178 (24%); p=0.009), however the proportion of successful pregnancies in patients attempting to conceive with IVF (11/17 (65%) vs 27/43 (63%); p=1.0) were similar. Conclusions: This novel data suggests that women with Hirschsprung disease who have undergone reconstructive surgery may be at risk for adverse sexual functional and fertility outcomes.

O Parque Ecológico de Maracajá (PEM), localizado na planície sul de Santa Catarina (SC), é uma área protegida ainda carente de estudos faunísticos, mesmo para grupos carismáticos, como as aves e mamíferos terrestres de médio e grande porte. Este artigo visa preencher uma lacuna de conhecimento em relação a esses dois grupos na Mata Atlântica regional. O inventário de aves e mamíferos do PEM utilizou a abordagem de múltiplos métodos de amostragem: observações de campo, armadilhas fotográficas, literatura científica e ciência cidadã. Foram elencadas espécies de aves e mamíferos terrestres prioritárias para a conservação e monitoramento com base em parâmetros ecológicos. Um total de 160 espécies de aves e 21 de mamíferos foram registradas no PEM. Dessas, 40 espécies de aves e 11 de mamíferos foram consideradas prioritárias, por serem espécies dependentes de florestas e que prestam importantes serviços ambientais. Constatamos que a fauna de aves e mamíferos do PEM é resultado de um processo de fragmentação e defaunação, com extinções de espécies dependentes de florestas conectadas e que são consideradas chave para a Mata Atlântica. Apesar disso, no contexto atual de fragmentação severa da planície sul de SC, o PEM desponta como área chave para a conservação da biodiversidade.

Wind turbines operating in unsteady and complex environments often encounter asymmetric and unsteady vortex flows on the leeward side of the blades, leading to airflow separation and dynamic stall. These issues significantly impact the aerodynamic performance and energy efficiency of wind turbines. However, there is a lack of research regarding the regulatory relationship between airfoil parameters, trailing-edge flap oscillation angles, and aerodynamic parameters. To address this research gap, this study employs a multi-block overlapping grid technique and a custom-programmed method to simulate active flow control on wind turbine blades by coordinating the motion of the main wing and trailing-edge flap during pitching oscillations. Aerodynamic parameters of airfoils were computed to investigate the impact of trailing-edge flap deflection direction, deflection amplitude, and other parameters on the wind turbine blade thrust, torque, and aerodynamic characteristics under deep stall conditions. An optimized aerodynamic performance curve of the blade was produced. The results show that when a deep stall occurred and the wind speed was low, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be increased by approximately 23% with the amplitude αamp1=40° and the same deflection direction; moreover, the tangential force and torque value on the blade concurrently increased. Adjusting the motion of the main wing and trailing-edge flap reduced the thrust and load fluctuation of the blade by changing the flap amplitude value. Additionally, the operation efficiency of the wind turbine improved. These results can provide a reference for the active flow control and application of wind turbine flaps.

Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) is a cofactor utilized by over 300 enzymes for the conversion of enormous valuable products in pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. Many PLP-dependent enzymes are homodimeric with catalytic pockets concaved by two subunits. To tailor the activity of these PLP-dependent enzymes, previous studies usually targeted the substrate-binding pocket or transition states. In this work, we selected two different PLP-dependent enzymes, PjAT ( Pseudomonas jessenii ω-aminotransferase) and ODC (ornithine decarboxylase), to study how subunit-subunit affinity affects their enzyme activity. We found that mutants of PjAT and ODC with low subunit-subunit affinities could have high activity. Among protein homodimerization, substrate binding, and catalytic turnover, the last one was rate-limiting. Furthermore, the activity change of these enzymes from interface engineering was substrate independent. Combining the interface engineering strategy with the design of catalytic pockets and transition states further improved the activity of these PLP-dependent enzymes. Therefore, for the first time to our best knowledge, our work revealed that subunit-subunit interface engineering is a worthwhile tool to use in the design PLP-dependent enzymes. Our work expanded the toolbox of designing PLP-dependent enzymes and could be of great importance to the design of other homodimeric enzymes as well.

The horrific attacks on Gaza have had a profound impact on Gaza's health system, culminating in a multidimensional crisis. The deliberate destruction of vital infrastructure, such as hospitals, schools, housing, and public facilities, coupled with the deaths and injuries of medical personnel and support workers has only exacerbated the situation and further highlighted the existing gaps. This unprecedented catastrophe proves the criticality of adopting a new national inclusive integrated approach to meeting the immediate and long-term needs of the population. In this viewpoint, we explore the recovery roadmap features for rebuilding the health system in Gaza, specifically focusing on determining the primary challenges that might emerge, the trajectory of recovery, and the expected crisis scenarios. The existing evidence and stakeholders' perspectives were synthesized. Despite some local and international initiatives undertaken to generate a concrete road to recovery, there remains a need for realistic, innovative, and comprehensive Marshall plans to rebuild Gaza's health system. The analysis draws on insights and gaps in current efforts and underscores the urgent need to address the challenges of rebuilding the health system. The authors strive to offer an inclusive and realistic path with the potential scenarios toward recovery and resilience considering the mass levels of loss and damage, and ways to move forward for building back a resilient health system in Gaza.

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Costa Rican health system, focusing on the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS). The CCSS is the cornerstone of the country’s healthcare infrastructure, offering a range of medical, social, and economic benefits. This analysis covers the historical evolution, organizational structure, financing mechanisms, and levels of healthcare services provided, including primary, secondary, and tertiary care. The study also examines the integration of digital health records (EDUS) and the roles of various governmental and quasi-independent institutions within the health sector. Key findings indicate that Costa Rica maintains a strong position in terms of healthcare personnel availability and GDP per capita in the region. However, challenges remain, particularly in ensuring the financial sustainability of the CCSS and addressing healthcare access disparities between urban and rural areas. The paper underscores the importance of continued investment in health infrastructure, professional training, and health promotion to enhance healthcare quality and equity. The study concludes by highlighting the need for strategic adaptations to meet emerging health demands, optimize resource allocation, and leverage technological advancements. These efforts are essential to maintain high-quality, equitable healthcare services for all Costa Rican citizens and to ensure the long-term sustainability of the social security system.

Editorial comment on “Current options in the management of tree nut allergy: A

PERITONEAL LEAK CAUSING RIGHT SIDED HYDROTHORAX IN A CASE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: A CASE REPORT FROM NEPAL

Drug-induced changes in cardiac contractility (inotropy) can lead to cardiotoxicity, a major cause of discontinuation in drug development. Preclinical approaches to assess cardiac inotropy are imperfect, with in vitro assays limited to stem cell derived or adult human primary cardiomyocytes. Human mechanistic in silico modelling and simulations are already successfully applied for proarrhythmia prediction, contributing to cardiac safety assessment strategies in early drug development. In this study, we investigated their ability to predict drug-induced effects on cardiac inotropy. We considered a validation set of 28 neutral/negative inotropic and 13 positive inotropic reference compounds and simulated their effects on cell contractility via ion channel inhibition and perturbation of nine additional model mechanisms, respectively. For each compound, a wide range of drug concentrations was simulated in an experimentally-calibrated control population of 323 human ventricular in silico cells. Simulated endpoints informing on drug-induced inotropy effects were compared to in vitro preclinical data from literature. Computer simulations predicted drug-induced inotropic changes observed in vitro for 25 neutral/negative inotropes and 10 positive inotropes. Predictions of negative inotropic changes were quantitatively in agreement for 86% of tested drugs. Active tension peak was identified as the biomarker with highest predictivity potential. This study describes the validation and application of an in silico cardiac electromechanical model for drug safety evaluation, combining ion channel inhibition data and information on potential inotropic mechanisms to predict inotropic changes. Furthermore, a route for its integration as part of a preclinical drug safety assessment strategy is outlined.

Background and Purpose: Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare metabolic disorder characterised by the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA). Deposition of HGA in the aortic valve leading to progressive aortic stenosis is a serious complication. Nitisinone has been shown to improve morbidity and slow disease progression in AKU but the effects of this treatment on aortic stenosis progression have not yet been described. This review extrapolated from the data set of SONIA 2, a 4-year multi-centre randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of nitisinone on AKU disease activity, but specifically examined measures of aortic stenosis disease progression. Methods: Data were obtained from echocardiograms performed on 138 patients over 48 months of follow-up. A linear mixed effects regression model was used to ascertain the difference in aortic valve pressure (AVP) at baseline and 48 months between the treatment and control groups. Key Results: At baseline, 18/138 patients (13.0%) had aortic stenosis of varying degrees of severity and 25/138 (18.1%) had aortic sclerosis. The difference in AVP between the control (N=69) and treatment (N=69) groups at baseline was 0.063mmHg [95% CI: -0.054mmHg to 0.18mmHg) and did not reach statistical significance (p=0.23). At the end of the 4-year treatment period, the difference in AVP was 0.10mmHg [95% CI: -0.0007mmHg to 0.20mmHg] and was statistically significant (p=0.05). Conclusion and Implications: Nitisinone slowed progression of aortic stenosis in patients with AKU. This supports the argument for timely initiation of nitisinone to reduce the incidence and severity of aortic valvular disease in AKU patients.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the oral mucosa, which leads to stiffening and can potentially result in trismus. There is still a lack of effective measures to prevent and treat OSF. Nitrate has been verified to provide protective responses against fibrotic diseases in multiple organs and tissues. It remains unclear whether dietary nitrate can prevent OSF. In the present study, we established a OSF rat model to evaluate the effect of nitrate for preventing OSF. Nitrate treatment demonstrated promising preventive effects, including the alleviation of mucosal pallor, improved mouth opening, and ameliorated histopathologic features in rats with OSF, with no side effects. Moreover, nitrate also inhibit collagen deposition, profibrogenic marker expression, and inflammation. RNA-seq analysis of fibrotic oral mucosal tissues, followed by functional verification, revealed that nitrate’s preventive effect is primarily mediated through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, ultimately leading to reduced expression of fibrosis-related markers. Our findings revealed for the first time that nitrate exhibited strong preventive effects in both in vitro and in vivo models of OSF by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Dietary nitrate supplementation could offer a novel, safe, and effective approach to preventing OSF.

Abstract: Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity against several common yeast and mold species. However, hepatotoxicity is a major adverse effect of voriconazole, and the lack of specific biomarkers for the detection and prediction of voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity remains an urgent issue. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was coupled with mass spectrometry to analyze plasma and liver metabolites and determine possible plasma biomarkers for hepatotoxicity. Firstly, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (each n = 7): control (0 mg/kg voriconazole), and 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg voriconazole. Voriconazole was intraperitoneally injected, and the resulting differential plasma and liver metabolites were identified to determine which differential metabolites were released from the liver into the periphery. Additionally, 133 plasma samples obtained from patients with (n = 45) and without (n = 88) hepatotoxicity were collected to further validate the differential metabolites found in the animal experiment. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), 5-hydroxyindole, 7-ketolithocholic acid, 3-methylglutarylcarnitine, uracil, phosphatidylcholine (20:3/20:4), and lysophosphatidylcholine (22:6) were associated with voriconazole hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Uracil (area under the curve (AUC): 0.979, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.958-0.999), and AKG (AUC: 0.877, 95% CI: 0.812-0.941) were biomarkers of voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity and showed great potential for clinical diagnosis. The combined biomarker composed of uracil, AKG, and alkaline phosphatase reached an AUC of 0.997 (95% CI: 0.993-0.999), showing that the combination of the three is a good choice to judge voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity.

S6K1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1) is a serine/threonine kinase integral to regulating protein synthesis, gene expression, and metabolic homeostasis. Its structural complexity, including multiple isoforms and a unique kinase domain, enables diverse functions across cellular contexts. This review examines the intricate structure of S6K1, its tissue-specific expression, and subcellular localization, emphasizing distinct roles in cellular processes. Beyond transcriptional control, S6K1 activity and stability are critically influenced by post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and acetylation. S6K1’s physiological roles span cell growth, immune responses, and muscle hypertrophy, while its dysregulation is linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration. In neurodegenerative diseases, altered S6K1 activity, particularly its phosphorylation, is associated with reduced neuronal viability, contributing to conditions like Parkinson’s. This manuscript synthesizes current knowledge on S6K1, highlighting its therapeutic potential across various diseases.

s: Driven by the ”dual-carbon” target, it’s best time for great development for zero-carbon energy, which is a huge role in promoting the emission reduction of commercial vehicles. Based on zero-carbon (Green Electricity, Green Hydrogen and Green Ammonia), this paper carries out the research about carbon emissions prediction between zero-carbon energy and diesel in light-duty trucks and different penetration projects of zero-carbon energy from 2020 to 2060, and the changes in the quantity of light-duty trucks (including stock, increment, scrap and total amount). The calculation results show that CO2 emissions from Diesel is the largest, and shows a gradual upward trend in general, and reaches peak value in 2055 (1.793 billion tons). Based on different penetration projects for Green Electricity trucks, CO2 emissions of peaking is in 2035. As penetration increases, CO2 emissions gradually declines. Reduction of CO2 emissions of Project_1 is 19.94% will stabilizes after 2055, however CO2 emissions of Project_4 stabilizes after 2040 and 15 years earlier than Project_4’s, and CO2 emissions is nearly zero. The change rule of CO2 emissions from ”Diesel + Green Hydrogen” and ”Diesel + Green Ammonia” is similar, and CO2 emissions from ”Diesel + Green Ammonia” is higher than that of ”Diesel + Green Hydrogen”. The permeability of Project_4 changes greatly, and the results is a large reduction. Based on 2020’s data, and as gray ammonia is fuel, the results show that the current overall emission level can be reduced only when the CO2 emissions level for the production of ash ammonia reduces less than 30% of the current level.

Hybridization plays a pivotal role in evolution, influencing local adaptation and speciation. However, it can also reduce biodiversity, which is especially damaging when native and non-native species meet. Hybridization can threaten native species via competition (with vigorous hybrids), reproductive resource wastage, and gene introgression. The latter, in particular, could result in increased fitness in invasive species, decreased fitness of natives, and compromise reintroduction or recovery conservation practices. In this study, we use a combination of RAD sequencing and microsatellites for a range-wide sample set of 1366 fish to evaluate the potential for hybridisation and introgression between native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and three non-native species (Carassius auratus auratus, Carassius auratus gibelio, and Cyprinus carpio) in European water bodies. We found hybridization between native and non-native species in 82% of populations with non-natives present, highlighting the potential for substantial ecological impacts from hybrids on crucian carp populations. However, despite such high rates of hybridization, we could find no evidence of introgression between these species. The presence of triploid backcrosses in at least two populations points suggests that the lack of introgression among these species is likely due to meiotic dysfunction in hybrids, leading to production of polyploid offspring which are unable to reproduce sexually. This result is promising for crucian reintroduction programs, as it implies limited risk to the genetic integrity of source populations. Future research should investigate the reproductive potential of triploid hybrids and the ecological pressures hybrids impose on C. carassius.

Including samples for ten respiratory pathogens, we studied whether hospitalisations with laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections could be monitored using the Norwegian national laboratory database. We used requisitioner information to define samples as obtained from hospitalised or non-hospitalised patients and assessed the performance against the Norwegian Patient Registry. With sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 93%, 84%, 86% and 92%, respectively, the trends of weekly number of samples positive for SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus were similar to those of admissions in the Norwegian surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections. When linkage of microbiological data with clinical information is not possible, trends of hospitalisations with respiratory infections can be monitored using the Norwegian laboratory database alone.

Background: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a severe condition requiring early identification and treatment. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for PB in pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), and to develop and validate a nomogram model for prediction. Methods: A retrospective analysis involved clinical data from 421 children diagnosed with MPP who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy in Wuxi Children’s Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. Basing on bronchoscopic findings, 90 children were assigned into PB and 331 to non-PB. For external validation, the study considered 354 children diagnosed with MPP between January and May 2024 at the same hospital. The study identified independent risk factors for PB using LASSO and multivariate logistic regression and constructed and validated a visual predictive model. Bootstrap was used for internal validation. ROC curves, calibration curves and DCA curves assessed the model. An online dynamic nomogram tool was also launched for clinician use. Results: Children in the PB group experienced longer hospital stays, higher fever peaks, and required more oxygen therapy compared to the non-PB group. They also showed symptoms of shortness of breath, depression, reduced lung sounds, and elevated levels of ANC, NLR, CRP, ALT, AST, LDH, CK, INR, D-D, as well as increased incidences of pneumonia consolidation, pleural effusion, and atelectasis (all P<0.05). Factors such as oxygen therapy, fever duration, atelectasis, NLR, CK, and D-D significantly influenced PB development (all p<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the nomogram model had an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.93), with a sensitivity of 94.74% and a specificity of 74.63%. In the validation cohort, the AUC was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.84-0.98), with a sensitivity of 84.44% and specificity of 80.97%. Calibration curves showed strong consistency between predicted and actual PB occurrence rates. DCA confirmed the significant net benefit of the predictive model. Conclusion: This study developed and validated a predictive model for PB in pediatric MPP, using key factors such as oxygen therapy, fever duration, atelectasis, NLR, CK, and D-D. The model demonstrates excellent predictive accuracy and offers a useful tool for clinicians, enhancing early PB identification.

Abstract Background: There is limited research on the risk of acute renal failure (ARF) due to Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and potentially nephrotoxic drugs. This study analyzed the adverse events of ARF due to concomitant use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and potentially nephrotoxic drugs based on data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) with the aim of providing a reference for the safe and rational use of such drugs. Methods: Data mining of ARF signals generated by drug combinations was performed using the ratio of reported odds (ROR) method and further validated using additive, multiplicative, and combined risk ratio (PRR) models. A subset of data based on monotherapy cases was also analyzed. Results: A total of 4,417,195 adverse event reports were included in our analysis, and 65,945 ARF events were found to be associated with SGLT2i and potentially nephrotoxic drugs. We observed a significantly higher incidence of ARF with the combination of dapagliflozin and cefazolin [adjusted ROR (95%CI) 59.63 (9.96,356.87)], Additive Model 0.53, Multiplicative Model 8.36, [PRR (Combination Risk Ratio) 8.53]. Additionally, consistent associations were found when analyzing dapagliflozin in combination with apixaban and tacrolimus, engeletin with torasemide, allopurinol, and naproxen, and canagliflozin with vancomycin and furosemide. Conclusion: Our analysis of the FAERS data identified varying degrees of ARF risk associated with coadministration with SGLT2i and potentially nephrotoxic drugs, highlighting the need for vigilance with both drugs in clinical practice.

Both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination can elicit immune responses. The former is naturally acquired immunity, while the latter is active artificially acquired immunity. However, the different effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on the immune response and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we found although there is no significant difference in peripheral B cell differentiation between the vaccinated and the recovered group, the vaccinated group has higher signal intensity of CD86 and HLA-DR in CD19+RBD+ B cells and has stronger BCR signal of B cells. For metabolic signal, the vaccinated group has higher expression of pmTOR, pS6, c-Myc and pSTAT5, which indicates the STAT5-c-Myc axis regulates B cell metabolism. We found serum of vaccinated group has higher level of IgG antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 N-Nter protein and IgA antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein by using proteome microarray. In conclusion, these results show that the vaccinated group has a stronger coronavirus specific immune response and higher metabolism signal than the recovered group, which provides strategies for vaccine design of SARS-CoV-2.

Three new species of Ericaceae discovered from Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, are described and illustrated here. Morphologically, Agapetes elegans X.C. Xie & Y.H. Tan most closely resembles A. praestigiosa and A. praeclara but differs in having shorter pedicel and smaller urceolate white corolla and red at the base. Agapetes obtusisepala X.C. Xie & Y.H. Tan is morphologically identical to A. incurvata and A. hookeri by having almost the same yellow flowers but differs in having very different leaf shapes. Vaccinium longisetosum X.C. Xie & Y.H. Tan is morphologically similar to V. lanigerum by having similar leaf shape and structure but differs in covered bristly brown hair on branches and leaves. In contrast, V. lanigerum is covered with woolly hair on branches and leaves. A detailed description, color plates, and notes on the new species are provided.