Breynia enchengensis, a new species with a narrowly geographic distribution in limestone areas of southwestern Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to B. poomae (Welzen & Chayam.) Welzen & Pruesapan in having creeping stems, ovate to oblong leaf blade and reddish brown to dark purple flowers, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the size of leaf blade and flowers, the number of lateral veins, the growing way of inflorescence and the shape of ovary. A table to distinguish the new species from B. poomae, as well as color plates and type specimens of the new species are also provided.

Chronotype, the individual differences in sleep-wake cycles, is a complex trait with significant implications for health, cognition, and daily life. This review delves into the latest research on chronotype, exploring: - The genetic architecture of chronotype, including clock genes and variants - Environmental and lifestyle factors influencing chronotype, such as light exposure and physical activity - A critical evaluation of chronotype measurement tools, including questionnaires, actigraphy, and physiological measures - The associations between chronotype and various health outcomes, including chronic diseases and mental health - The effects of chronotype on cognitive function, daily performance, and social relationships Furthermore, this review discusses strategies for adapting to or modifying one’s chronotype, including light therapy, physical activity, and behavioral interventions. By integrating findings from multiple disciplines, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of chronotype and its far-reaching implications.

In this work, a novel neural-adaptive nonlinear delay stochastic filter is designed to address the attitude estimation problem. This filter is represented using the special orthogonal group SO ( 3 ) , and employs low-cost sensors’ units. Specifically, the Brownian motion is introduced to characterize the noise that maps the system dynamics to stochastic differential equations (SDEs), ensuring that the attitude estimation problem can be analyzed in a stochastic sense. Neural networks (NNs) are employed to design an attitude filter that accounts for sensor measurement delay and noise by incorporating a Lyapunov function. This stochastic filter design ensures that the closed-loop system is almost semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in the mean square sense. Finally, simulations to verify the efficiency of the proposed attitude filter.

Editorial for the Themed Issue: Addressing the Dual Challenges of Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Pain in the Context of the Opioid CrisisMehmet Sofuoglu, M.D., Ph.D. 1,2R. Ross MacLean, Ph.D. 1,2Joao P. De Aquino, M.D.1,2,3Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USAVA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USAClinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Mehmet Sofuoglu, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA

Aims The incidence of infusion-related reactions during intravenous iron administration may differ between different iron formulations, but risk factors remain poorly characterised. This study aimed to compare the rates of infusion reactions in patients receiving ferric derisomaltose (FDI) compared to ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), as well as across different dilutions of FDI. Methods This was a single tertiary centre retrospective matched cohort study of patients who received FDI or FCM between January 2022 to May 2023. Reactions were classified as Fishbane or hypersensitivity and characterised by severity using the Ring and Messmer classification. Results 660 patients (330 age- and sex-matched patients who received FDI and FCM, respectively) were included. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 34/330 (10.3%) patients receiving FDI infusions compared to 8/330 (2.4%) patients receiving FCM (OR 4.62 [2.10-9.78], p <0.0001). All reactions to FCM and FDI were classified as mild to moderate except one grade III reaction to FDI. There was no difference in the rate of reaction between patients receiving FDI diluted in 100mL (18/165) compared to 250mL (16/165) sodium chloride (OR 1.14 [0.55–2.27], p=0.86). A history of a reaction to an alternative iron formulation was associated with increased risk of infusion reactions (OR 3.55 [0.67-18.97], p=0.14) and increasing age was associated with reduced risk (0.96 [0.94-0.99], p=0.02). Conclusions Patients receiving FDI had a significantly higher risk of mild infusion reactions compared to those receiving FCM, with no difference across different dilution volumes of FDI.

Objective: To determine whether certain medication use during pregnancy is associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Design, Setting, Participants: A secondary analysis of a cohort study of first-time pregnant individuals enrolled at 8 U.S. sites between 10/1/2010 and 9/30/2013. Main Outcome Measures: RLS symptoms were ascertained in early (6 0-13 6) and mid (22 0-29 6) pregnancy based on the International RLS Study Group diagnostic criteria. Methods: Throughout their pregnancy, participants reported all medications taken. In early and mid-pregnancy, we created a set of dichotomous variables to indicate whether participants took any ‘at-risk’ medication from the 5 pre-specified categories, including first-generation antihistamines, serotonergic antidepressants, dopamine antagonists, tricyclic antidepressants, and mirtazapine. We estimated the relative risks of RLS symptoms by each category of medication use using Poisson regression, adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, and tobacco use. Results: Of 8,390 participants (27.2±5.6 years), 11.9% and 8.6% took ‘at-risk’ medications in early and mid-pregnancy, respectively. The most frequent medications were first-generation antihistamines and serotonergic antidepressants. The prevalence of RLS symptoms was 17.8% in early pregnancy and 30.0% in mid-pregnancy. Participants taking first-generation antihistamines (aRR [95% CI], 1.28 [1.08-1.53]) or serotonergic antidepressants (aRR [95% CI], 1.81 [1.53-2.14]) were more likely to experience concurrent RLS symptoms in early pregnancy. These associations were weaker in mid-pregnancy. Conclusions: The use of first-generation antihistamines and serotonergic antidepressants is prevalent in pregnancy and is associated with a higher prevalence of RLS symptoms. Awareness of this association may help both pregnant people and their clinicians make individualized decisions regarding medication use.

Polar coding is primarily used as a channel coding scheme for downlink and uplink control information related to enhanced Mobile Broadband Communication (eMBB) service. Therefore, this work evaluates complexity and the Block Error Rate (BLER) performance of polar codes in 5G standard which use the concept of channel polarization. At first, message segmentation is performed that is followed by Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) encoding. Further, the input bits interleaving and subchannel allocation are carried out. Furthermore, polar code encoding, sub-block interleaving, and rate matching are performed. Moreover, decoding is performed using CRC-assisted successive cancellation list (CA-SCL) decoding. BLER for different list sizes and code rates are demonstrated at various Signal-to-Noise (SNR) for both downlink and uplink. Low complexity encoding and better BLER performance than Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes is also shown.

A typical Cypriot ring bottom pitcher that resembles an upside-down pitcher Papaver somniferum seed pot that can be used bring opium to Egypt during the 18th dynasty. The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, holds a significant place in human history and agriculture due to its diverse applications and controversial nature. The abstract delves into its historical significance, cultivation methods, genetic makeup, tissue culture techniques, policies, access across countries, patents, metabolites, traditional uses, and pharmaceutical importance. Its history spans millennia, with ancient civilizations utilizing its narcotic properties for medicinal and recreational purposes. The etiology of Papaver somniferum involves understanding its genetic structure, life cycle, and cultivation prerequisites. The plant exhibits different classes or varieties, each distinct in flower colour, alkaloid content, and purpose. The differentiation of Papaver somniferum revolves around its cultivation practices and specific tissue culture techniques used for propagation and study. However, due to its potential for narcotics production, policies and regulations surrounding its cultivation and use are strictly controlled, varying significantly across different countries. Pharmaceutical access to Papaver somniferum is focused on deriving alkaloids like morphine and codeine for pain relief and anaesthesia. These metabolites play a crucial role in traditional and pharmaceutical uses, primarily in pain management and palliative care. Despite its medicinal significance, the regulated access reflects the constant balance between its benefits and potential risks associated with its narcotic properties.

Note: Writes arbitrary and complex patterns using a focused beam of electrons. The advantage is that almost any pattern can be created. The disadvantage of commercial production is that the processing time of an individual wafer can be relatively long (tens to thousands of hours).Nanolithography, which is similar to standard semiconductor manufacturing, generally uses methods to create an image on a polymer resist layer. This image is then used as an etch mask to transfer the nanoscale pattern to the desired material. Nanolithography methods include interference lithography, electron beam lithography (electron beam) and repeating the nano pattern (for definitions to the sidebar). In general, each of these methods is optimal for some nanostructure patterns, materials and required volume. As a manufacturing method, nanolithography supports a wide range of integration modes for optical circuits.

Highlighting the diverse applications, from real-time patient monitoring to pharmaceutical advancements, blockchain technology brings a transformative impact to the healthcare sector. This research explores the integration of the "Digital Medical Wallet" System with Malleable Blockchain to revolutionize healthcare data management, particularly focusing on multimedia image data. Employing the Chameleon Hash Algorithm for privacy and integrity, the study compares its performance with Traditional Hashing and evaluates modifiable versus classical blockchains. Simulations reveal trade-offs between execution time and privacy preservation for hashing methods, and scalability versus energy consumption for blockchain types. Results suggest Chameleon Hashing enhances privacy but incurs higher computational costs, while malleable blockchains offer scalability at the expense of complexity and energy usage. These findings provide actionable insights for designing secure and efficient healthcare data systems, balancing privacy, efficiency, and scalability for improved patient care and healthcare efficiency, especially in handling multimedia image data.

Background: Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) and endocardial resynchronization (Endo-CRT) are alternatives to biventricular pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Objective: To compare the outcomes of LBBAP vs. Endo-CRT using conventional pacing leads. Methods: Patients with heart failure (HF) undergoing CRT with LBBAP or Endo-CRT were included. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of HF-related hospitalization and all-cause mortality. The primary safety outcome was any procedure-related complication. Secondary outcomes included procedural characteristics, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters. Results: A total of 223 patients (LBBAP n=197, Endo-CRT n=26; mean age 69±10.3 years, 32.3% female) were included. Patients in the LBBAP group had lower NYHA class, shorter preprocedural QRS durations (161 [142-183] vs. 180 [170-203] msec, p<0.001), and a lower preprocedural spironolactone use (57.4% vs. 84.6%, p=0.009) than patients in the Endo-CRT group. Fluoroscopy time was significantly shorter in patients undergoing LBBAP (11.4 [7.2-20] vs. 23 [14.2-34.5] min; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the primary efficacy outcome between both groups (Cox proportional HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.635-2.31; p=0.56). During follow-up, patients undergoing LBBAP had a lower incidence of stroke than patients in the Endo-CRT group (0% vs. 11.5%, p=0.001). Postprocedural LVEF (35% [25-45] vs. 40% [20-55]; p=0.307) and change in LVEF (7% [0-20] vs. 11% [2-18]; p=0.384) between the LBBAP and the Endo-CRT groups, respectively. Conclusion: LBBAP and Endo-CRT using conventional leads are associated with similar clinical outcomes, as well as improvements in LVEF. Endo-CRT is associated with longer fluoroscopy times and a higher risk of stroke.

The evolution of path-planning algorithms has been remarkable in recent years. These algorithms are widely used in both industrial and everyday settings. They play a major role in the successful navigation of robots, as well as in games and other applications. Path planning algorithms can provide optimal solutions even in complex, high-dimensional environments. Among all the available path planning algorithms, the most widely used are RRT-Star and its variants, including RRT-Star Connect, RRT-Star Smart, Bidirectional RRT-Star, TG RRT-Star, and others. This paper presents a detailed study of these algorithms, taking into account various metrics for performance evaluation and comparing the results in different environments. The study presents a discussion on the classification of path-planning algorithms based on the environment, the nature of the algorithm, and its completeness. It also delves into the hierarchy of RRT-based algorithms to comprehend the improvements made to the algorithms and the important characteristics of each algorithm that is being followed.

In the past decade, people have conducted extensive research on the synthesis and application properties of various functionalized pillararenes. Pillararenes show good application prospects in the field of sensors due to the rich host‒guest recognition in their rigid electron-rich cavities. However, most reported pillararenes are functionalized by alkoxy modification, which results in poor charge transfer nature and weak fluorescence response. A π-conjugated charge-transfer system P5BN was obtained by introducing electron-donating triarylamine (Ar3N) and elec-tron-deficient triarylborane (Ar3B) into pillar[5]arene skeleton, which significantly improved its luminescence behavior and was further used for fluorescence detection applications. The molecular structure showed that P5BN provided a good macrocyclic cavity to encapsulate amino acids molecules of suitable size. We found that P5BN, as a fluorescent sensor, showed a highly sensitive and selective response to L-arginine (L-Arg), resulting in a significant enhancement of the fluorescence at 408 nm of P5BN, with the lowest detection concentration being 2.21 × 10‒8 mol/L. The recog-nition mechanism was demonstrated through experiments and DFT theoretical calculations.

Modern automated text generation systems frequently produce outputs that contain factual inaccuracies, inconsistencies, and logical errors, which compromise the reliability of the generated content. A novel framework was proposed to enable autonomous detection and correction of such errors, achieving significant improvements in real-time hallucination mitigation without human intervention. The methodology introduced a selfmonitoring mechanism using a dual-model architecture, tokenlevel confidence scoring, and embedding consistency checks, designed to enhance the accuracy of content generated across diverse domains. Experiments demonstrated that the model significantly reduced hallucination occurrences and improved precision and recall, with adaptability shown across multiple datasets, including general knowledge, domain-specific texts, and synthetic hallucinations. Results indicated that the integration of self-detection mechanisms led to more reliable outputs while minimizing false positives and refining the overall content generation process. The findings suggest that automated systems can achieve higher levels of accuracy and efficiency, making them suitable for applications where reliability is critical.

RESUMO: Neste texto, registramos o projeto de pesquisa intitulado "O estado enquanto um aspecto derivado: uma análise sintático-semântica", desenvolvido sob a coordenação da

This critical analysis evaluates the clinical practice of zinc testing in patients presenting with asthenia, based on an observational audit using the EMIS Primary Care System, involving 48 patients from a population of 46,755 individuals. The study investigates gender-based differences in zinc levels and assesses whether low or borderline zinc levels correlate with asthenia. Results indicate that females are more likely to exhibit borderline low zinc levels. However, no definitive relationship between zinc deficiency and asthenia was observed. This suggests that attributing fatigue to marginal zinc levels may lead to over-diagnosis, particularly in females. Misinterpreting non-pathological zinc values could contribute to patient anxiety and diminished trust in healthcare.Key Words: Zinc, Asthenia, Zinc Deficiency, Gender Differences, Subclinical Deficiency, Over-diagnosis, Trace Elements, Nutritional Deficiency, Fatigue, Clinical Audit

The high-temperature structure of aero-engine usually works in the environment of high temperature and fatigue load, which leads to a very complicated crack problem. This paper presents mixed-mode fatigue crack growth (FCG) experiments conducted on compact tension shear (CTS) specimens made of a nickel-based superalloy at 550 °C, with varying thicknesses. The influence of thickness on mixed-mode FCG behavior was investigated by experiments and finite element method (FEM) analysis. The expanded FCG model, which considers thickness effects based on closure theory, provides a more precise prediction of crack growth rates for mixed-mode loading conditions. In addition, it is observed that the mixed-mode FCG da/dN-ΔK curve for nickel-based superalloys shifts vertically as the specimen thickness varies, and the thickness has no effect on the mixed-mode FCG angle. This achievement has made a significant contribution to the damage tolerance design of aircraft engines.

This paper investigates the uniform continuity and strong continuity of the semigroups of Katugampola integral operators.Using the Krasnoselskii ′s fixed point theorem, we study the nonlocal problem of Katugampola fractional differential equations with multi-point integral boundary conditions and obtain the uniqueness of the solution.

Background: The environmental imbalance caused by climate change has significantly complicated weather forecasting, a crucial activity in modern agriculture. Recent research indicates that there is no universally ‘best’ climate prediction model. Interestingly, non-deep learning models have sometimes outperformed deep learning models, which are typically considered highly effective in weather forecasting. Consequently, it is essential to analyze each specific location to determine the most suitable weather forecasting method. Method: In a study focused on the city of Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon, the performances of various models were evaluated for multi-step weather forecasting. These models included the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), multi-channel CNN, multi-headed CNN, Vanilla long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM), encoder-decoder LSTM, and encoder-decoder CNN-LSTM. Results: The multi-channel CNN model, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.84°C, outperformed the encoder-decoder CNN-LSTM model, which had an RMSE of 3.90°C, for multi-step univariate weather forecasting. Additionally, the ARIMA (7, 0, 0) model demonstrated strong performance for multi-step multivariate weather forecasting in Yaoundé, with a maximum deviation of 0.79°C, which is less than an RMSE of 1°C. Conclusion: The multi-channel CNN model is recommended for univariate multi-step weather forecasting in Yaoundé, while the ARIMA (7, 0, 0) model is recommended for multivariate multi-step weather forecasting in Yaoundé. The data and scripts used for this study can be accessed at https://github.com/Enowtakang/ML-for-TimeSeries Keywords: ARIMA, CNN, LSTM, multi-step weather forecasting, Yaoundé

Adonaï Aly Isaac Julien 1, *, Raema Mimrod Jean1 and Axler Jean Paul 11Medical Graduate, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, State University of Haiti* Correspondence: Adonaï Aly Isaac Julien: adonaialyjulien@gmail.comAbstract: Our study aims to evaluate the frequency of epilepsy in different age groups and the risk factors associated, at theClinique d’épilepsie de Port-au-Prince (CLIDEP), in Haiti . This retrospective descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 162 patients. The Data collection was done using a collection sheet based on the Classification of seizures and epileptic syndromes of the LICE published in 2017. Excel 2016 and SPSS were used for data analysis. The average age of patients is 18.5 years ± 1.28 (SE). Women were more affected by disease than men, i.e., 51.23% vs. 48.77% (M/F = 0.95. Generalized seizures represented 58.02% (n=94) of cases, while partial seizures represented only 22.22% (n =36). Patients who are declared “unknown” for a family history of epilepsy were 90% less likely to return for a visit compared to those who reported no family history of epilepsy, OR =0.10 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.029), p < 0.001. Our study showed that the main risk factors for epilepsy at the clinic are suffering perinatal, head trauma, febrile seizures, and central nervous system (CNS) infections.

Note:  to easily create interference patterns of useful dimensions using UV light sources. The advantage of this method is simplicity. The problem is in creating complex shapes and arrays.Nanolithography is a branch of nanotechnology that deals with the study and application of fabricating structures at the nanometer scale—meaning the creation of patterns with at least one lateral dimension between the size of an individual atom and approximately 100 nanometers. It is used in the fabrication of advanced semiconductor integrated circuits (nanocircuits) or nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).Nanolithography is a broad term. To describe different processes for creating nanoscale patterns in different environments, the most common of which is silicon semiconductor material. The dominant goal of nanolithography is the miniaturization of electronic devices, which allows more electronic components to be packed into smaller spaces, i.e. smaller integrated circuits, which leads to smaller devices, because they are produced faster and cheaper. Because less material is needed. This also increases performance and response time because electrons only have to travel very short distances.

Note: The tip of a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) or Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) offers not only the ability to image down to atomic resolution, but also the capabilities of nanostructures with such excellent resolution. A paradigmatic example is the fabrication of a furnace furnace by manipulating individual atoms on a surface using STM. Although the speed of making such a thing has recently improved, it is a process with great difficulties in scaling and integrating with the semiconductor industry.The use of AFM for scanning probe lithography also suffers from power-related problems, but it is better suited than STM for this task due to the less stringent requirements of the technique: no very high vacuum conditions. , conductive surface or very good tip-to-sample distance control is required. Scanning probe nanolithography based on AFM can be performed through different mechanisms and offers a wide range of possibilities . Therefore, the AFM tip can produce localized changes in the composition, height, or physical/chemical properties of surfaces through thermal effects, mechanical effects, deposition, chemical effects, etc. The principle of this technique for making electronic nano devices has been drawn and the example of making Si nanowires based on the oxidation of nanolithography probe Scanning is done. A derived technique that has become very popular is dip-pen nanolithography, in which the tip deposits specific inks with excellent clarity at desired locations.

Factor VII deficiency is a rare coagulation disorder affecting approximately 1 in 500 000 individuals. A number of those patients will develop various conditions requiring chronic anticoagulation and invasive procedures, which might be especially challenging in the context of the disease. We review available literature and present a case of a woman with a severe factor VII deficiency treated with a direct oral anticoagulant dabigatran who underwent an uncomplicated pulmonary vein isolation with pulse field ablation.

Note: In this technique, a thin plate with designed apertures, called a stencil mask, is placed adjacent to the substrate and used in combination with material evaporation. be. Evaporated material stops at the upper surface of the stencil mask, except in the openings. So the material grows with specific patterns determined by the stencil mask.Using appropriate stencil masks, nanopatterned materials can be grown at wafer scale in one shot. Resolution down to 20 nm has been achieved and can be used on non-conventional substrates such as rope , but this technique suffers from some problems related to deposition. Shade under the stencil mask tolerates lifetime issues due to stencil mask deterioration caused by material depositing at the edge of the holes, eventually blocking them (occlusion effect). Advances such as the use of dynamic stencil masks have increased the range of applications of this technique.