This paper undertakes a rigorous exploration of the convergence between game theory and behavioral economics, illuminating how the integration of cognitive and psychological dimensions transforms our understanding of strategic decision-making in economic contexts. Traditional game theory, grounded in the ideal of rationality, often overlooks the nuanced realities of human behavior, while behavioral economics exposes systematic departures from rationality due to heuristics, bounded cognition, and emotional influences. Bridging these paradigms, this study reinterprets foundational constructs such as Nash equilibrium, strategic dominance, and Bayesian games through the prism of behavioral frameworks like prospect theory, fairness preferences, and loss aversion.Through a robust theoretical approach supported by practical applications in auctions, negotiations, and policy design, the paper demonstrates that embedding behavioral insights within game-theoretic models enhances their descriptive and predictive fidelity. By advancing the integration of these disciplines, the study not only refines the theoretical landscape of economics but also informs pragmatic strategies to address human biases in fields such as market design, artificial intelligence, and social welfare optimization. The findings advocate for sustained interdisciplinary research to further develop behavioral game theory and expand its relevance across diverse domains.

A document by Yilin Li. Click on the document to view its contents.

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) pose significant challenges to recovery, often resulting in impaired function and quality of life. To address these challenges, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are being developed as effective strategies to promote nerve regeneration by providing a supportive framework that guides axonal growth and facilitates reconnection of severed nerves. Among the materials being explored, graphene-based materials (GBMs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique properties. Their unique properties—such as high mechanical strength, excellent electrical conductivity, and favorable biocompatibility—make them ideal for applications in nerve repair. The integration of 3D printing technologies further enhances the development of GBMs-based NGCs, enabling the creation of scaffolds with complex architectures and precise topographical cues that closely mimic the natural neural environment. This customization significantly increases the potential for successful nerve repair. This review offers a comprehensive overview of properties of GBMs, the principles of 3D printing, and key design strategies for 3D-printed NGCs. Additionally, it discusses future perspectives and research directions that could advance the application of 3D-printed GBMs in nerve regeneration therapies.

Relapse resistance to existing chemotherapies and CAR-T treatments remains a significant challenge in B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL), with CCR7, a chemokine receptor, strongly associated with therapy-induced senescence (TIS). In this study, we used the CCR7-blocking antibody Cap-100 to co-treat B-NHL cells with Dox, showing that blocking CCR7 reversed Dox-induced cellular senescence. Additionally, Dox treatment significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells when combined with Cap-100. Pre-treatment with Cap-100 also enhanced the killing efficacy of CAR-T cells against tumor cells. Furthermore, we examined CCR7 expression on T cells from B-NHL patients and found that both high and low CCR7 expression on T lymphocytes correlated with B-NHL prognosis. Mechanistically, senescent tumor cells induced by chemotherapeutic agents exhibited elevated CCR7 expression and increased levels of senescence-associated proteins. Transplantation of CCR7 led to a decrease in these senescence-associated proteins. Thus, CCR7 may mediate senescence resistance by participating in the ARHGAP18/IKBα-associated signaling pathway and is closely linked to CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Aim: Our goal was to broaden the understanding of the functioning of two Calanus species (C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus). We hypothesized that their ecological traits (size, pigmentation, lipid content, diet, presence of parasites, and stage structure) would vary across four hydrographically distinct fjords. Location: Hornsund, Isfjorden, Kongsfjorden, van Mijenfjorden; Spitsbergen Methods: Morphological, size-based species identification via stereomicroscopy has been supported by molecular methods. Manual image-based measurements of size and lipid sack area have been assisted by machine learning image analyses. Manual image-based color intensity estimations of pigmentation have been supported by HPLC analysis of astaxanthin concentrations. Trophic variability has been assessed through stable isotope composition analyses. Results: The substantial variability in the studied traits of Calanus copepods (represented by CV life stage) highlights their high plasticity and that the traditionally recognized ecological and morphological distinctions between Calanus species are becoming increasingly blurred. This variability was likely influenced by the coexistence of several cohorts from two species, resulting in a mixture of local and advected populations as well as their multiple generations. These observations suggest that under increasing ‘Atlantification’ pressure, we can expect a suite of responses, including size reduction, faster development, mixed reproductive strategies, reduced pigmentation, dietary shifts, diversified lipid accumulation strategies, and the presence of parasites. Main conclusions: Normative C. glacialis individuals (exhibiting typical size and pigmentation traits) were found only in a minority, supporting the necessity for incorporation of genetic methods. Additionally, we introduce a tool for the automatic assessment of crucial traits, such as size and lipid content, using machine learning techniques. Since these traits are largely shared between these congeneric species this automated approach enables more efficient monitoring of their morphological traits across scales relevant for detecting ecosystem shifts in the northern hemisphere, without relying solely on precise and challenging taxonomic identification.

As the number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and computational tasks increases in UAV Ad-hoc Network (UAVANETs), the solution space for task allocation strategies grows exponentially. In practical multi-user concurrent emergency scenarios, multi-UAV systems equipped with mobile edge computing (MEC) devices face challenges such as dynamic network topologies and uneven task allocation. To address these issues, we propose an adaptive task allocation strategy, AUSTA-DQHO, which integrates the deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm with genetic algorithms. In our approach, the random action selection process in DQN is replaced with a genetic mechanism, enabling more efficient decision-making for the optimal task allocation for each offloading request through iterative optimization. Under the multi-UAV-assisted MEC network architecture, AUSTA-DQHO optimizes computational task scheduling to minimize the total mission time, from the UAVs’ departure from the base station to the completion of all tasks. To accelerate the convergence of the AUSTA-DQHO strategy while ensuring global optimal solutions, we introduce a pre-clustering mechanism and weighting factor for randomly generated task offloading requests in the target area, effectively reducing the solution space. Experimental results demonstrate that AUSTA-DQHO outperforms traditional DQN-based strategies in terms of faster learning capabilities and greater robustness. Furthermore, we explore the optimal number of UAVs under specific environmental conditions to minimize the waste of computational resources.

Tree cavities are critical habitats for numerous vertebrate species, serving as keystone resources for nesting, roosting, and shelter. We document the first evidence of güiña breeding within a tree cavity of a standing dead tree, exploring its implications on breeding productivity and complementing this record with evidence from camera trap surveys conducted in temperate forests of central-south Chile. These findings enhance our understanding of the species’ natural history, breeding behavior, and habitat preferences. Additionally, we discuss the conservation implications of this discovery, offering new insights into the breeding ecology and habitat selection of one of South America’s most elusive felines.

Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an environmentally friendly and effective approach for controlling a wide range of soil-borne pathogens. The application of organic matter is crucial for the success of RSD. This study utilized greenhouse soil to grow cucumber for three consecutive years and added tomato straw, bitter melon straw, and pepper straw as organic matter for the RSD treatment. The soil properties, enzyme activity, and microbial community were analyzed after the soil treatment and cucumber planting. In addition, the growth, development, and yield of cucumber after planting were studied. The results showed that the soil pH; SOM, AN, and AK contents; and SC, UE, and CAT activities increased after the soil treatment and cucumber planting. PCoA analyses showed that the bacterial and fungal community compositions were greatly altered and that the fungal and bacterial Chao1 and Shannon indices decreased after the soil treatments and cucumber planting. After the RSD treatment and cucumber planting, the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, and Penicillium increased, while the relative abundance of harmful microorganisms such as Fusarium decreased. Importantly, compared with the qCK treatment, the cucumber yield of the qTS, qBS, and qPS treatments increased significantly by 14.90%, 11.85%, and 17.59%, respectively. The yield of cucumber was positively correlated with pH; the SOM, AN, and AK contents; the SC, UE, and CAT activities; and the relative abundance of Bacillus, Terrabacter, Chujaibacter, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Mortierella in the soil and negatively correlated with AP content, and the relative abundance of Fusarium and Pseudallescheria. Based on their effects on the soil properties and the growth and development of continuous cucumber, the different vegetable straws added to the RSD treatments ranked as follows: pepper straw > tomato straw > bitter melon straw.

As horizontal model resolution increases, hydrological processes, such as lateral subsurface flow, need to be explicitly represented and parameterized. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of the simulated discharge of the distributed hydrological model wflow_sbm to the lateral saturated hydraulic conductivity over many catchments in England, Scotland and Wales. The high quality CEH GEAR rainfall and CAMELS-GB dataset make it possible to get insight into the spatial variability of the horizontal-to-vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity ratio (i.e. anisotropy) and its effect on simulated discharge. Wflow_sbm models, including forcing (both EOBS and CEH GEAR), were automatically set up using reproducible workflows for each CAMELS-GB basins. The anisotropy of the lateral hydraulic conductivity was varied over a large range (1 – 10000) and performance was assessed using the non-parameteric KGE metric focusing on recession and baseflow performance. Wflow_sbm model results indicate a high sensitivity to the anistropy of the hydraulic conductivity. When plotting the optimal anistropy values and resulting lateral hydraulic conductivities across England and Wales, clear patterns emerge that seem to coincide with geological features. For the best performimg anistropy values, we obtain high KGE values (median=0.84). Resulting best performing lateral saturated hydraulic conductivity values seem realistic when compared with literature values. When comparing results to simulations from a tuned Grid2Grid model, the wflow_sbm model shows comparable performance for most stations. However, for parts in the south of England, where chalk in the subsoil highly influences infiltration and lateral flow behaviour, the performance of wflow_sbm is less good. This is likely caused by the used geofabric which limits the soil depth often to 30 – 60 cm while it is known that the chalk layers below the soil are also hydrologically active and exclusion of anthropogenic water use in the model setup which is known to have a pronounced influence in these regions. Spearman rank correlation of the logarithm of the derived lateral hydraulic conductivities against derived base recession coefficients from literature results in a correlation of -0.56 indicating a moderate to strong negative relationship. This analysis is a first step towards getting more insight into parametrization of lateral saturated conductivity and results will be used to investigate deriving transfer function(s) for this parameter in the near future.

Biostimulation holds promise for remediating deep-layer oil-polluted land but it often faces unexpected challenges. Despite initial efforts, outcomes frequently fall short, with underlying mechanisms remaining elusive. This study, based on four oil-contaminated sites that received amendments for three years in Saskatchewan, Canada, is to investigate the factors responsible for the declined efficacy of biostimulation over time. The amendments were designed to provide potential electron acceptors (iron, nitrate, sulfate) and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphate) to promote benzene degradation under anerobic conditions. Linear model displayed that soil water-soluble Ca 2+ and SO 4 2- were positively correlated with the ratio of declined remediation outcomes at site scale (P<0.05). The generalized linear mixed model identified soil pH, along with soluble PO 4 3-, Ca 2+, SO 4 2-, NO 3 - and NO 2 -as significant contributors to the effectiveness of biostimulation at sample scale. Random forest model showed that Ca 2+ and PO 4 3- have equal importance but opposite roles in determining whether the soils can be remediated. The study revealed that at sites with averagely high background SO 4 2-, decade-long natural attenuation left the benzene more recalcitrant. High soil-soluble Ca 2+ could sequester the phosphate introduced by amendments, forming precipitates that reduced phosphorus availability. An increase in pH or a decrease in electrical conductivity during the biostimulation may indicate that the clogging of infiltration pathway, preventing the amendments from reaching the plume area, as observed in the third year at Site 2 and Site 3. Moreover, the decline in functional genes linked to anaerobic benzene degradation suggests insufficient microbial capacity to utilize the amendments. To achieve successful in situ biostimulation, it emphasizes the importance of tailoring biostimulation strategies to ensure the effective delivery of amendments, particularly for long-term remediation practices, and to sustain the activity of microorganisms under field conditions.

Background and aim: The issue of respiratory function is important for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). In particular, developing an exercise program that improves respiratory function is necessary for them. We will develop a program to enhance cardiopulmonary exercise function in individuals with SCI and evaluate its effectiveness to provide evidence to guide the development of future exercise programs. Methods: A rehabilitation exercise program was developed, incorporating respiratory, muscle strength, and aerobic exercises, adapted to the physical characteristics of individuals with SCI. Twenty-two individuals with SCI who resided in metropolitan areas of South Korea participated in the program. Following the intervention, their respiratory function, muscle strength, and exercise performance ability were evaluated. Results: The experimental group (EXP) showed significant improvements in various indices compared to the control group (CON). In terms of respiratory function, the following changes were observed: VC increased by 0.7±0.5 L, FVC 0.5±0.6 L, FEF 0.9±1.4 L/s (p<0.05). In terms of muscle strength, changes in the significant shoulder muscles were as follows: shoulder flexion increased by 3.0±1.2 N (right), 3.2±1.2 N (left); shoulder extension 2.9±2.2 N (right), 3.3±2.1 N (left) (p<0.05). NetVO2 in the EXP increased by 2.7±1.3 ml/kg/min (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study analyzed the combined effects of respiratory, muscle strength, and aerobic exercise, yielding concrete results in improving cardiopulmonary exercise function. The study also proposed an effective exercise strategy for individuals with SCI.

Background and aim: In Korea, the lack of a modified physical activity(PA) questionnaire tailored for Koreans complicates the accurate assessment of PA among individuals with spinal cord injury(SCI). This study aims to investigate the PA of individuals with SCI by utilizing a modified PA questionnaire designed for this population and to gain insights into the PA patterns of this demographic in Korea. Methods: Through revisions and adaptations of the Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (K-IPAQ), a self-reported questionnaire was developed and refined in an advisory meeting. The study recruited 176 individuals with SCI from metropolitan areas in Korea between April and June 2023 to assess their PA per week. To quantify PA per week, we calculated Metabolic Equivalent Task-min/week (MET-min/week) by multiplying the reported PA duration. Results: This study showed that the PA level among individuals with SCI in Korea was 2907.2±194.8 MET-min/week. When categorized by intensity, high-intensity activities accounted for 2760.0 ± 280.5 MET-min/week, moderate-intensity activities accounted for 11488.8 ± 89.0 MET-min/week, and low-intensity activities accounted for 1869.4 ± 110.3 MET-min/week. Half of the participants met the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for PA. Conclusion: The study on PA among Korean individuals with SCI revealed that their average PA levels were higher compared to findings from studies in other countries and the WHO recommendations. However, it is noteworthy that only about half of the participants met the WHO’s PA guidelines, which needs to increase the efforts to promote PA participation among individuals with SCI.

Cognitive control, specifically inhibition, is required to adapt behavior in response to environmental changes. While reward expectancy is known to shape cognitive strategies, the autonomic mechanisms underlying these adaptations—such as changes in pupil size—remain poorly understood. This study hypothesized that reward cues influence behavioral strategies, with these adaptations reflected in autonomic responses measured via pupil size, a marker of cognitive effort. Twenty-seven participants performed a rewarded stop-signal task (SST) with three reward conditions: Go plus, Neutral, and Stop plus. In the Go plus condition, participants were informed that they would receive a greater reward if they performed the movement (Go trials) than when they inhibited it (Stop trials), and vice versa in the Stop plus condition. Finally, in the Neutral condition, the reward was the same for both the Go and Stop trials performed correctly. Behavioral data and pupil size were analyzed to determine how reward influenced task performance and cognitive effort. Our results indicate that participants strategically adjusted behavior their behavior to align with reward condition: they show longer reaction times in response to the Go trial in the Stop plus condition, where inhibitory success was most rewarded. Accuracy in Go trials was higher in Go plus and Neutral conditions, while inhibition ability did not show a difference across reward conditions. Pupillometry revealed greater pupil size in the Neutral condition than Go plus and Stop plus, suggesting greater cognitive effort. Our findings suggest that reward expectation shapes proactive cognitive strategies, with participants modulating motor control to maximize rewards. Pupil size data indicate greater cognitive effort is exerted when task strategies require balanced focus to achieve rewards in both trial types. These results provide valuable insights into the interplay between reward sensitivity and cognitive control, with potential applications in developing rehabilitation strategies for individuals with impaired inhibitory control.

Outdoor cycling exercise leads to bilateral ulnar nerve injury and iliopsoas muscle rhabdomyolysis with initial symptoms of venous thrombosis: A case report and literature review1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China.2Department of Neurorehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China.Author Email address：Lin Zhu：1009574297@qq.com; Zhengxiang Zhang: jxzhangzx@163.com; Chao Zhang: zc985417@163.comCorresponding Author: Chao Zhang, Department of Neurorehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), No.54, Youdian Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.(e-mail: zc985417@163.com) Tel：+86-13735598520

Acute high-level myelitis affecting the medulla oblongata: a case report and literature review

Objectives: This study presents findings captured in the first 1.5 years of the Virus Monitoring in Denmark (VMD) surveillance system. It describes trends in respiratory viruses, related symptoms, and participant demographics and behaviors. Methods: VMD used self-swabbing and self-reported symptoms to monitor respiratory viruses in the general population. Participants were recruited via digital invitations to a representative sample of the population or through workplaces. Symptomatic participants could self-swab and register their samples and report their symptoms via a dedicated smartphone web app. Results: With 30,627 participants and 12,642 samples analyzed, VMD had broad demographic representation. SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequently detected virus, with positivity rates peaking at over 50% in late 2023. Participants commonly self-swabbed because of fever, cough, and rhinorrhea with influenza A linked to the highest median number of symptoms. Participants only provided samples after reaching a specific symptom threshold and participation affected health-seeking behaviors and work attendance of few individuals. Conclusions: VMD continuously provided real-time insights into respiratory virus trends and symptomatology in the general non-healthcare seeking population. Its accessibility – available to anyone with a Danish identification number, a smartphone and an invitation – highlights its potential as a mass testing preparedness tool.

A document by Awadh M. Alahmari. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: Diet-gut microbiota-disease hypothesis for atopic dermatitis (AD) has been studied in infancy, but its implications for preschool-aged children remain less understood. This study aims to investigate the relationships among dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and disease severity in Korean preschoolers. Methods: We evaluated 97 preschool children aged 3–6 years, including 46 with AD and 51 healthy controls (CON). Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and dietary patterns were analyzed through factor analysis of the FFQ. AD severity was assessed using EASI, SCORAD and CDLQI scores. Gut microbiota composition was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Through factor analysis of food group, Q1 (Traditional Korean Diet Pattern) and Q2 (Processed Food and Snack Pattern) were identified. AD-Q2 diet had lower vitamin C intake compared to those on the AD-Q1 diet (p=0.011). Dorea and Anaerostipes were more prevalent in the AD-Q2 group (LDA score: 3.4 and 3.9, respectively). The AD-Q2 group also reported significantly poor CDLQI and high nighttime itching compared to the AD-Q1 group (p=0.032 and 0.041, respectively). Insufficient intake of vitamin C was significantly associated with increased EASI and SCORAD (r = -0.52, p = 0.03; r = -0.41, p = 0.045, respectively), whereas the presence of Dorea and Anaerostipes also positively correlated with itching. Conclusions: In preschool children with AD, the Processed Food and Snack dietary pattern was associated with increased disease severity, potentially mediated by Dorea and Anaerostipes abundance and vitamin C deficiency, impacting the gut environment and inflammation pathways.

Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and Late Discriminative Negativity (LDN) event related potentials are objective indicators of auditory discrimination. The aim of the study was to determine the test-retest reliability of MMN and LDN recorded to simple speech contrasts in children with listening difficulties. MMN and LDN responses were recorded from Fz and Cz electrodes for a /da/-/ga/ contrast twice within a 10-day period. Intraclass Correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine test-retest reliability of MMN and LDN. Eight five children (55 males, aged 7.0-12.8 years) with listening difficulties participated in this research. Children were grouped into four clusters based on their reading, language, nonverbal intelligence, and cognitive skills such that children within each cluster had similar profiles of strengths and difficulties. ICC for MMN were better than LDN. Results showed that MMN amplitude did not differ between visits, but LDN amplitude reduced significantly (more positive peak amplitude) at visit 2 compared to visit 1. At visit 1, MMN and LDN were detectable in only 41%/42% and 18%/21% (Fz/Cz) of participants respectively. MMN was most replicable (71%) for children with listening difficulties in the cluster with relatively good nonverbal intelligence and language skills. The results do not support the clinical utility of LDN for objective assessment of auditory discrimination. Although MMN had better test-retest reliability, overall detectability was poor; improved detectability is needed for MMN to have robust clinical utility in children.

Understanding speciation is a fundamental goal in evolutionary biology. Genomic regions of accentuated differentiation among populations often reveal patterns and mechanisms of species formation. While substantial progress has been achieved on this front for genetic variation, the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to divergence patterns remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that DNA methylation is associated with regions exhibiting accentuated genetic differentiation between populations of Timema cristinae stick insects. We do so by integrating analyses of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between individuals from different host-plant species with genomic sequencing. Our results reveal that DMRs exhibit accentuated genetic differentiation (FST) between populations. Strikingly, the strength of this association increases with the geographical distance between populations. We present results evaluating the contributions of mutation, reduced recombination, gene flow and selection to these divergence patterns. The overall results are consistent with a role for a balance between selection and gene flow, a finding further supported by evidence for selection in a previously-published survival field experiment. Nevertheless, details of our results suggest that selection on DMRs might be indirect and not strictly host-related. Our results establish associations between methylation and genetic change, but further work is required to clarify the exact causes of this association. Nonetheless, our results provide insight into how the interplay of epigenetic and genetic variation may influence population divergence and potentially contribute to speciation.

New technologies emerge with the aim of assisting daily activities and making people's lives easier, but they are subject to exposing a portion of the population to a phenomenon called digital exclusion. Accessibility techniques are some of the ways to combat exclusion by generating digital inclusion. There are several ways to assess accessibility by measuring adherence to techniques. This work presents a heuristic accessibility assessment model for Web software, based on maturity levels and using a multi-criteria classification approach. The study contains a description of how the construction of the maturity model was carried out, as well as its validation. The maturity model created presents four maturity levels and 13 criteria that are based on WCAG 2.2 guidelines. The classification of software resulting from the application of the multi-criteria decision support model presented consistent results and demonstrates the viability of the model in helping professionals and companies that produce software for the Web.

Title Page:Hyponatremia Following CAR-T Cell Therapy in a Patient with Mantle cell Lymphoma, a case reportAhmad Matarneh (1), Sundus Sardar(1), Abdelrauof Akkari (1), Muhammad Abdulbasit (1), Naman Trivedi (1), Nasrollah Ghahramani(1)Affiliations: 1. Department of nephrology, Penn state Milton S Hershey Medical Center, United States of AmericaCorresponding authorAhmad MatarnehAffiliation: Penn State health , Milton S.hershey medical centerContact: Email ahmadmatarneh99@gmail.comPhone # 717-708-6754Keywords: CAR-T therapy, hyponatremia, cytokine release syndrome, Mantle cell lymphoma, renal failureKey clinical message:Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is used to treat refractory hematologic malignancies. Despite its effectiveness, CAR-T therapy can cause serious side effects, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and electrolyte imbalances. We report a case of hyponatremia following CAR-T cell therapy in a patient with Mantle cell lymphoma.

Key Clinical MessageA native arthritic knee locked in full extension is a rare presentation to an orthopaedicclinic and is significantly debilitating to the patient. The aetiology is postulated to involve both mechanical and non-mechanical causes. The management of this condition can be suitably treated with total knee arthroplasty.

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