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Virus Monitoring in Denmark: a community based self-sampling system to surveil respiratory viruses and associated symptoms
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  • Tine Graakjær Larsen,
  • Jonathan R. Ginty,
  • Randi Jessen,
  • Ruben Bjerregaard Nielsen,
  • Anders Jensen,
  • Amanda Bolt Botnen,
  • Bartlomiej Wilkowski,
  • Camilla Rasmussen,
  • Dalila Lepirica Brødbæk,
  • Daniel Steven Shaw,
  • Elias Benameur,
  • MORTEN RASMUSSEN,
  • Ramona Trebbien,
  • Shila Mortensen,
  • Stefan S. Olsen,
  • Steven Chong,
  • Tyra Grove Krause,
  • Uffe Vest Schneider,
  • Anne-Marie Vangsted,
  • Nina Ruth Steenhard,
  • Frederik Trier Møller
Tine Graakjær Larsen
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab

Corresponding Author:tgrl@ssi.dk

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Jonathan R. Ginty
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Randi Jessen
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Ruben Bjerregaard Nielsen
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Anders Jensen
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Amanda Bolt Botnen
Statens Serum Institut Virus og Mikrobiologisk Specialdiagnostik
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Bartlomiej Wilkowski
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Camilla Rasmussen
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Dalila Lepirica Brødbæk
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Daniel Steven Shaw
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Elias Benameur
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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MORTEN RASMUSSEN
Statens Serum Institut Virus og Mikrobiologisk Specialdiagnostik
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Ramona Trebbien
Statens Serum Institut Virus og Mikrobiologisk Specialdiagnostik
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Shila Mortensen
Statens Serum Institut Virus og Mikrobiologisk Specialdiagnostik
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Stefan S. Olsen
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Steven Chong
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Tyra Grove Krause
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Uffe Vest Schneider
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Anne-Marie Vangsted
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Nina Ruth Steenhard
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Frederik Trier Møller
Statens Serum Institut Infektionsberedskab
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Abstract

Objectives: This study presents findings captured in the first 1.5 years of the Virus Monitoring in Denmark (VMD) surveillance system. It describes trends in respiratory viruses, related symptoms, and participant demographics and behaviors. Methods: VMD used self-swabbing and self-reported symptoms to monitor respiratory viruses in the general population. Participants were recruited via digital invitations to a representative sample of the population or through workplaces. Symptomatic participants could self-swab and register their samples and report their symptoms via a dedicated smartphone web app. Results: With 30,627 participants and 12,642 samples analyzed, VMD had broad demographic representation. SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequently detected virus, with positivity rates peaking at over 50% in late 2023. Participants commonly self-swabbed because of fever, cough, and rhinorrhea with influenza A linked to the highest median number of symptoms. Participants only provided samples after reaching a specific symptom threshold and participation affected health-seeking behaviors and work attendance of few individuals. Conclusions: VMD continuously provided real-time insights into respiratory virus trends and symptomatology in the general non-healthcare seeking population. Its accessibility – available to anyone with a Danish identification number, a smartphone and an invitation – highlights its potential as a mass testing preparedness tool.
29 Dec 2024Submitted to Journal of Medical Virology
30 Dec 2024Submission Checks Completed
30 Dec 2024Assigned to Editor
30 Dec 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
04 Jan 2025Reviewer(s) Assigned