Below is a proof for the irrationality of ζ(5) using the approach demonstrated in Frits Beukers’ proof of the irrationality of ζ(3). As this method works for the irrationality result of ζ(3) and ζ(5), I assume it also works for higher odd Zeta values although I will stay lazy and leave this as an exercise to the reader.

Effective conservation of biodiversity depends on the successful management of wildlife populations and their habitats. Successful management, in turn, depends on our ability to understand and accurately forecast how populations and communities respond to human-induced changes in their environments. However, quantifying how these stressors impact population dynamics remains challenging. Another significant hurdle at this interface is determining which quantitative approach(es) are most appropriate given data constraints and the intended purpose. Here, we provide a cross-taxa overview of key methodological approaches (e.g., matrix population models) and model elements (e.g., energetics) that are currently used to model the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on wildlife populations. Specifically, we discuss how these modelling approaches differ in their key assumptions, aspects of their structure and complexity, the questions they are best poised to address, and their data requirements. Our hope is to help overcome some of the methodological biases that might persist across taxonomic specialisations, identify new opportunities to address existing modelling challenges, and improve our understanding of the direct and indirect impacts of anthropogenic disturbance. We guide users through the identification of appropriate model configurations for different management purposes, while also suggesting key priorities for model development and integration.

Larval dispersal by ocean currents is crucial for many marine species’ life cycles, yet temporal variability in dispersal remains poorly understood. Using a 20-year timeseries of biophysical simulations, we model how dispersal variability can impact reef fishery populations. Even when metapopulations are fished at supposedly sustainable levels (40% unfished biomass), temporal variation in larval dispersal alone can drive up to a third of local populations below depleted thresholds. When metapopulations are depleted to 20% of unfished biomass, up to 60% of local populations drop below 10% unfished biomass, where key ecological functions are unlikely to be maintained. This risk is particularly acute in metapopulations where larval settlement patterns are volatile and/or spatially synchronised. Finally, we observe recovery of depleted populations, following fishery closures, can vary by over a decade depending on post-closure dispersal patterns. These findings expose how dispersal variability creates substantial, previously unrecognized risks for marine population management.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cysteine residue 674 (C674) of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is pivotal in maintaining SERCA2 activity. Substitution of C674 with serine leads to SERCA2 dysfunction and exacerbates atherosclerosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and endothelial cells. This study aimed to explore whether SERCA2 dysfunction aggravates atherosclerosis by disrupting fatty acid metabolism and promoting the formation of macrophage foam cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Heterozygous SERCA2 C674S gene mutation knock-in (SKI) mice were utilized to simulate SERCA2 dysfunction under pathological conditions. Serum from SKI and their littermate wild-type mice were employed for metabolomic testing. The whole aorta and aortic root were isolated for histological analysis. BMDMs were used for protein expression, lipid uptake and accumulation analysis. KEY RESULTS In SKI BMDMs, SERCA2 dysfunction induced the expression of calcineurin (CaN), which promoted nuclear translocation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and transcription of its downstream target fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), leading to increased fatty acid synthesis and foam cell formation. Inhibition of CaN/FoxO1/FABP4 pathway can correct aberrant lipid metabolism and inhibit the formation of foam cell in SKI BMDMs. Pharmacological interventions targeting FoxO1 or FABP4, or FABP4 partial deficiency significantly ameliorated atherosclerosis progression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SERCA2 dysfunction accelerates the progression of atherosclerotic lesions by stimulating CaN/FoxO1/FABP4 pathway, and thus promotes the formation of foam cell. Our finding highlights the importance of SERCA2 function in the context of atherosclerosis and open up a novel therapeutic strategy to combat lipid accumulation and atherosclerosis.

The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is a megaherbivore integral to ecosystem functioning in South America’s tropical landscapes but is increasingly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. This study assessed occupancy, detectability, and activity patterns of lowland tapirs across the Orinoquia region of Colombia. We deployed 360 camera traps over 32,000 trap-days from 2015 to 2023 across nine study areas, evaluating the influence of habitat characteristics and anthropogenic factors on tapir presence using hierarchical occupancy models. Our results revealed a naïve occupancy of 0.40 and an overall detectability of 0.46. Model-averaged estimates identified dense forest cover as a critical positive predictor of tapir occupancy (Ψ = 0.58, CI: 0.39–0.64), while proximity to water resources similarly enhanced both occupancy and detectability. Conversely, anthropogenic landscapes such as pastures negatively impacted occupancy probabilities (Ψ = 0.45, CI: 0.40–0.51), whereas crop areas, primarily those used for household consumption, showed a surprising positive association. Our findings underscore the importance of dense forests and water bodies for tapir conservation and suggest that effective management strategies must address habitat fragmentation, road expansion, and human-wildlife conflicts. Future conservation efforts should include intensive monitoring, community-based participatory approaches, and consideration of climate change impacts to ensure the long-term survival of tapir populations in this rapidly changing landscape.

A document by Ali Ranjha. Click on the document to view its contents.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent form of arrhythmia, contributing significantly to cardiac morbidity and mortality[1]. Its clinical manifestations vary among individuals, encompassing palpitations, dizziness, syncope, fatigue, dyspnea, and chest pain, while some patients, particularly in early or intermittent stages, may remain asymptomatic. The management of AF primarily involves pharmacological[2] and non-pharmacological[3] strategies. Pharmacological treatments focus on restoring and maintaining normal sinus rhythm through antiarrhythmic drugs, alongside anticoagulant therapy to mitigate the risk of thromboembolism and stroke. However, in cases where pharmacological approaches prove inadequate, non-pharmacological interventions become necessary. These include electrical cardioversion, which employs controlled electric shocks to re-establish sinus rhythm, and catheter ablation, a procedure that targets aberrant electrical activity within the heart. The choice of treatment is dictated by factors such as AF type, duration, symptom severity, and overall patient health. Among non-pharmacological options, catheter ablation has emerged as a particularly effective approach, especially for patients refractory to drug therapy[4]. This technique involves delivering radiofrequency or cryothermal energy through a catheter to specific myocardial regions, thereby disrupting or isolating the abnormal electrical pathways responsible for AF. The success of catheter ablation relies on precise localization of arrhythmogenic foci, necessitating the use of advanced imaging modalities. Commonly employed techniques include X-ray fluoroscopy[5], transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)[6], and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE)[7], each offering distinct advantages in guiding catheter placement and ensuring procedural efficacy.

4o This letter to the editor critiques the study on echocardiographic predictors of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients with pre-existing implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). While the study provides robust statistical analysis, its findings may not be generalizable to LVAD patients without ICDs. Additionally, the reliance on echocardiography alone limits the assessment of arrhythmic risk, as cardiac MRI with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) could better evaluate myocardial fibrosis. The study also lacks data on antiarrhythmic therapy, which may influence post-LVAD VA incidence. Future research should incorporate advanced imaging, electrophysiological mapping, and pharmacologic strategies to refine risk prediction and improve patient outcomes.

Key Clinical MessageCystic IPMN-B is a rare liver disease with a high risk of malignant transformation (64%-89%) and poses diagnostic challenges. We describe a case of a 74-year-old woman with a large bilobar mucinous cyst in the left liver lobe associated with its atrophy managed with left hepatectomy. The cyst was lined with columnar cells with apical mucin and had radiological communication with the bile duct.Key words: cystic IPMN-B; Mucinous Liver Cyst; Hepatectomy

The growing worldwide challenges of climate change, environmental degradation with biodiversity loss, and systemic inequities call for accessible, transformative and impactful planetary health education that embraces a global perspective. However, traditional international learning experiences favor those with financial advantages, limiting equitable access to (planetary health) knowledge, intercultural collaboration competencies, and leadership opportunities. To address this challenge, the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht in the Netherlands and St. Luke’s Medical Center College of Medicine’s Planetary and Global Health Program (PGHP) in the Philippines developed a joint online course on planetary health and climate-resilient health systems, combining synchronous and asynchronous learning activities. This novel approach allowed for collaboration between Dutch and Filipino medical students, integrating international perspectives while providing an opportunity to solve local problems, and offering equitable access to education. The course incorporated online modules, workshops, and mentorship, blending expertise from educators from the Netherlands and the Philippines. Through the course, participants engaged intercultural teamwork, focusing on student-identified planetary health priority issues such as eco-anxiety, fast fashion, and healthcare waste management. This initiative illustrates the importance and feasibility of collaborative, glocal approaches to planetary health education, with learners gaining insights into localized solutions for global issues. It also showed how the values of decolonizing global health education and bidirectional knowledge exchange can turn intercultural learning into educational practice. Future iterations will expand the course to involve more countries, refine the use of interactive tools, address time-zone challenges, and incorporate education research to further study the learning process and outcomes. Institutional support is essential to scale this educational model, ensuring planetary health education remains accessible and impactful.

Background: Oral S-ketamine (S-KETPO) is explored as an alternative for intravenous maintenance treatment (S-KETIV) in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Its pharmacokinetic profile is expected to be significantly altered due to first-pass metabolism, potentially resulting in a distinct pharmacodynamic and safety profile. Aims: This study aimed to systematically characterize the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profiles of S-KETPO in healthy participants, and to compare these to a previously demonstrated therapeutic S-KETIV dose in TRD. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-dummy, 4-way cross-over study, 17 healthy volunteers received a single dose of S-KETPO 0.20 mg/kg and 0.45 mg/kg, S-KETIV 0.40mg/kg and placebo. Plasma concentrations of S-KET and its active metabolite norketamine (S-NOR) and S-hydroxynorketamine (S-HNK) were measured, safety assessments were conducted up to 24 hours post-dose, and central nervous system effects were evaluated up to 6 hours post-dose. Results: Mean peak plasma concentrations were 9.80, 62.00 and 29.50 ng/mL (S-KET); 22.70, 127.00 and 62.10 ng/mL (S-NOR); and 146.00, 55.20 and 32.20 ng/mL (S-HNK) for S-KETPO 0.20 mg/kg, S-KETPO 0.45 mg/kg and S-KETIV, respectively. S-NOR and S-HNK exposure was comparable between S-KETPO 0.20 mg/kg and S-KETIV. Absolute bioavailability of S-KETPO was 9-12%. S-KETIV produced sedative, psychomotor and psychotomimetic effects, whereas S-KETPO 0.45 mg/kg demonstrated inconsistent effects on vigilance and arousal. S-KETPO 0.20 mg/kg lacked PD effects. Safety was comparable across treatments, although S-KETPO appeared better tolerated. Discussion and Conclusion: Oral administration meaningfully alters the pharmacological profile of S-ketamine in humans, which should be considered in dose selection, study design, and interpretation of efficacy studies in depression.

Thermophiles offer industrial advantages but face tool inactivation due to low chaperone levels. Studying T7RNAP in P. thermoglucosidasius, we found HSP33, DnaK/J, and GroS/L synergistically enhance folding. An HSP33-based tag recruited DnaK/J, boosting T7RNAP activity 5.5-fold. Phylogenetic screening created an optimized tag library, validated by enhancing T3RNAP. This Chaperone-Tag system addresses folding kinetics and thermostability, redefining protein engineering in thermophiles.

Aim: To compare the proportion of adverse events reports associated with levothyroxine versus other medications and between high-dose (≥100 μg) and low-dose (<100 μg) levothyroxine. A disproportionality analysis was conducted using data from FAERS individual case safety reports (2004–2023) via OpenFDA, with levothyroxine and comparator drugs as primary suspects. Methods: Disproportionality analysis was performed using Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS). Signals required confirmation by all four criteria (i.e., IC025 > 0, the lower bound of RR and PRR > 1, and EGBM05 > 2) . Dose-dependent signals were identified using ROR, PRR, and IC025.. Levothyroxine-associated AEs were identified using MedDRA-v27.1 preferred term. Results: Analysis of 45,877 FAERS reports identified 201,473 levothyroxine-related Adverse events and 291 safety signals when comparing levothyroxine with other drugs. Among these, 22 signals were labeled (e.g., irritability [ROR: 13.49], palpitations [ROR: 13.29], alopecia [ROR: 10.25]), while 269 were unexpected (e.g., polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II [ROR: 118.76], social avoidant behavior [ROR: 48.49]). In a comparison between high-dose (≥100 μg) and low-dose (<100 μg) levothyroxine, 21 signals were identified, including acute kidney injury (ROR: 4.69), increased blood triglycerides (ROR: 3.67), and malabsorption (ROR: 2.90). Conclusions: This study outlines levothyroxine’s safety profile, highlighting both known and unexpected adverse events, with evidence of dose-dependent risks between high- and low-dose levothyroxine. Further pharmacoepidemiologic research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Current application of clean water aeration test standards for wastewater treatment systems is based on the most commonly and internationally used standards for the clean water test, such as the ASCE(USA), CEN(EU/EFTA), and DWA(Germany). All the standards are mostly unified in respect to the methodology employed to calculate the oxygen mass transfer coefficient K La, in the use of a non-steady state method or a variation of such; in the use of sulfite deoxygenation or a variation of such to give a zero starting point; in the use of probes or a variation of such to measure step change of dissolved oxygen concentration; and, in the use of the non-linear regression method of analysis or a variation of such to estimate the transfer parameters. But there are differences between the various standards, and therefore, there is a need to reconcile all the standards for the benefit of mankind. In particular, this paper addresses a problem common to all the standards, which is the application of clean water test result to in-process oxygen transfer rates, as a first step in the attempt of unifying the standards. In particular, this paper mainly applies to a diffused system but the proposed concept of gas-side oxygen depletion should be applicable to all kinds of aeration systems even for non-submerged aeration equipment.

Mandatory job rotations are a cornerstone of the Malaysian civil service, designed to enhance governance, reduce integrity risks, and foster organizational agility. However, these rotations present significant onboarding challenges, requiring employees to rapidly adapt to diverse roles and complex responsibilities, particularly in 'hot seat' and high-risk-to-corruption positions. This study focuses on the Jabatan Kastam Diraja Malaysia (JKDM), where the need for efficient onboarding is heightened by the structured tenure of job rotations. The necessity to quickly acclimate to new roles within a defined period, especially in sensitive positions, underscores the urgency of effective onboarding strategies. To address the inherent onboarding complexities, particularly in navigating intricate customs regulations, this research proposes leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), with a specific focus on NotebookLM. NotebookLM's ability to ingest and summarize extensive regulatory documents, coupled with features like interactive training modules and AI-powered Q&A, offers a dynamic, personalized learning experience. This approach aims to surpass traditional training limitations, streamlining onboarding, enhancing knowledge transfer, and boosting productivity within JKDM. The study outlines an implementation plan, including a pilot program and department-wide rollout, with expected outcomes of improved onboarding efficiency, enhanced knowledge sharing, and increased operational effectiveness, ultimately contributing to a more agile and integrity-driven public service.

This study examines the abundance and energization of O$^{+}$ ions during a prolonged geomagnetic activity caused by a stealth coronal mass ejection (CME) and a subsequent high-speed solar wind stream (HSS) between 12 and 17 October 2016. Using observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission and Van Allen Probes, we analyze the effects of sustained geomagnetic activity on O$^{+}$ ion outflows and dynamics. The stealth ICME’s geoeffectiveness, amplified by its compression between the slow solar wind and the trailing HSS, led to enhanced O$^{+}$ ion fluxes in the magnetosphere. The O$^{+}$ ion flux enhancement is observed in both the inner and outer magnetosphere. This increase is related to intensified ion outflows from the polar ionosphere, driven by prolonged auroral activity. The possible sources of O$^{+}$ ions found in the outer magnetosphere include the ring current, plasma sheet, warm plasma cloak, and plasmaspheric drainage plume. During the peak storm period, selective energization of O$^{+}$ ions compared to H$^{+}$ ions was also observed, possibly due to non-adiabatic processes. Potential energization mechanisms include wave-particle interactions with electrostatic ion cyclotron waves, convective electric fields, and dynamic solar wind compression. The results highlight the role of solar wind-magnetosphere interactions during stealth CMEs and high speed streams (HSSs), on ion outflow and energy transfer, emphasizing their role in shaping magnetospheric heavy ion dynamics during geomagnetic storms.

Hypotheses concerning processes related to medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are investigated with the application of models and the analysis of observational data. Wave-packet parameters for MSTIDs from 2011 through 2022 are obtained from Millstone Hill (MH) OI 6300Å all-sky imager (ASI) observations during periods for which concurrent MH incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observations are available. A combination of a numerical multi-layer (NML) model for gravity waves (GW) in the thermosphere with the Field-Line Interhemispheric Plasma (FLIP) model for ionospheric processes and upper-atmospheric emissions is applied to generate differential electron-density values, which are compared with ISR-observed perturbation electron-density values. A detailed comparison is made between model-generated and ISR-observed electron density for two cases, and the comparisons show notably good agreement. Twelve other MSTID cases are also described, giving a total of fourteen cases. The results confirm that some nighttime MSTIDs at midlatitudes directly correspond to local GWs. They also suggest that some MSTIDs occurring over MH primarily consist of plasma fluctuations without corresponding local neutral fluctuations and that such MSTIDs are more common during winter months. The phase relationship between electron density and neutral vertical velocity variations is examined for two cases. Additionally, the hypothesis that standard thermospheric dynamic molecular viscosity values should be reduced is evaluated, and it is found that this is not supported by the results.

IntroductionOsteomyelitis is an inflammatory condition of bone due to infection from various microorganisms.[1] This condition commonly follows trauma, bone surgery, or vascular insufficiency.[2] Osteomyelitis can be acute, which presents with rapid symptom onset over days, or chronic, which often takes months to years of prolonged infection. [1] Acute osteomyelitis can be either suppurative or non-suppurative. [2] Chronic osteomyelitis is particularly marked by persistent low-grade inflammation, necrotic bone (sequestrum), new bone formation, and fistulous tracts, which frequently necessitate surgical debridement and long-term antibiotic therapy.[2,3]Rib osteomyelitis, however, is an exceptionally rare form, with diagnosis frequently delayed due to nonspecific symptoms and limited awareness. The rarity of rib involvement underscores the need for increased vigilance among healthcare providers, especially in rural and resource-limited settings where access to diagnostic facilities may be limited.

Mitochondria-targeted pH probes often face challenges in p K a alignment with the mitochondrial matrix (pH~8.0), limiting their utility for dynamic pH monitoring. In this paper, three mitochondria−targeted near−infrared fluorescent probes 5a−5c were developed by introducing nitrogen atom at the 4−position of Nile Blue and modulating p K a through the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Probes 5a−5c exhibited ultra−high molar extinction coefficients up to 10 5 M −1 cm −1, along with excellent photostability and sensitive pH response. The fluorescence intensities of 5a−5c enhanced 12~14−fold, while the fluorescence quantum yields increased from 1.2%−2.5% to 13%−16% with the pH decreasing from 10 to 4.0 (only 0.5% cosolvent). In addition, terrific linear relationships between pH and fluorescence intensity were established with high correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.99) from pH 5.2 to 9.2. Based on the exceptional low toxicity and mitochondrial targeting ability, 5a−5c migrated from mitochondria to lysosomes during starvation and rapamycin−induced autophagy, allowing real−time tracking of mitochondrial pH variations using fluorescence intensity and colocalization coefficient as parameters. Notably, dynamic changes between mitochondria and lysosomes were real-time observed in the mitochondrial damage model constructed by hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, probes 5a−5c have excellent optical properties and biocompatibility, underscoring their significance in monitoring mitochondrial physiological and pathological processes.

Aim: The research on the ecology of the rocky coast is now qualitative, quantitative and experimental. The Sri Lankan rocky shore (RS) ecology has not yet been studied extensively in terms of its species diversity to express its truest response to environmental episodes. The present narrative review attempts to reflect the transition of the molluscan diversity of Morawala RS concerning its vertical zonation relative to the Former Repository by Arudpragasam (1984) in his book chapter Ecology of Rocky Shores and Estuaries in Sri Lanka Location: A 500 m stretch of Morawala RS, Negombo, Sri Lanka has been systematically observed for its mollusc diversity and abundance from May 2022 to February 2023 during the lowest low tide time. Methods: The ecological survey was conducted using stratified random quadrate sampling techniques. Shannon Weiner’s diversity index was used to calculate the molluscan species diversity. The present data was then compared with the information in Arudpragasam (1984). Results: 15 different molluscan species representing grazers, gastropods and filter feeders have been identified. The diversity indices for the mid-tide (MT) and low-tide (LT) zones were high during the Northeast (NE) monsoon. However, the high-tide (HT) diversity index was high during the Southwest (SW) monsoon. There was no significant seasonal variation (p>0.05) in the molluscan diversity between the locations within the season and between the two different monsoon seasons. But, molluscan species density was high during the Northeast monsoon season. Conclusion: It was evident similar species richness has been recorded in the present survey similar to the reported species in Ardupragasam (1984). The mollusc species abundance is high in the Northeast monsoon season since the organisms can withstand the dynamics on RS during this period. To predict spatial and temporal variations of the sentinel molluscs in tropical RSs, continuing investigations and observational research are highly warranted.

Introduction:Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have recently brought about a profound transformation in the field of education, particularly in science education. The potential of AI in education lies in its ability to personalize learning processes, optimize teaching practices, and reduce educational inequalities, making it an increasingly recognized tool in pedagogical research (Holmes et al., 2022; Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019). These technologies have demonstrated significant potential in improving learning outcomes by tailoring content to individual student needs (Luckin et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020). However, the role of AI in education extends beyond pedagogical advantages; it also offers solutions to systemic challenges in education, such as addressing inequities and enhancing accessibility (Williamson, 2017; Selwyn, 2021).Science education, as a discipline, aims to help students understand scientific concepts, develop scientific thinking skills, and engage in scientific processes (National Research Council, 2012). However, traditional teaching methods often fail to adequately address the diverse needs of students, creating barriers to effective learning (Hattie, 2009). AI-based technologies have emerged as a promising solution to overcome these barriers. For instance, personalized learning systems adapt content to students’ learning paces and styles, making learning processes more effective (Pane et al., 2014; Kizilcec et al., 2017). Similarly, intelligent tutoring systems provide real-time feedback, enhancing learning outcomes (VanLehn, 2011; Woolf et al., 2013).The impact of AI in science education is not limited to student learning; it also has the potential to transform teaching practices. Teachers can leverage AI-based tools to improve lesson planning, student assessment, and curriculum optimization (Holmes et al., 2019; Luckin, 2017). However, the widespread adoption of these technologies in education raises significant ethical and pedagogical concerns. Algorithmic biases, data privacy issues, and digital inequalities are among the primary challenges that limit the effective use of AI in education (Eubanks, 2018; O’Neil, 2016). Therefore, to fully realize the potential of AI in education, interdisciplinary collaborations and policy initiatives are essential to address these challenges (Selwyn, 2021; Williamson, 2017).The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is a well-established framework that emphasizes the systematic study of teaching and learning processes to improve educational outcomes (Boyer, 1990; Hutchings & Shulman, 1999). SoTL encourages educators to adopt evidence-based practices, critically reflect on their teaching methods, and contribute to the broader knowledge base of effective pedagogy (Felten, 2013). In the context of AI in science education, SoTL provides a robust foundation for evaluating how AI technologies can enhance teaching practices and student learning outcomes.Recent studies have highlighted the alignment between SoTL principles and AI-driven educational innovations. For instance, AI-powered personalized learning systems align with SoTL’s emphasis on tailoring instruction to meet diverse student needs (Kizilcec et al., 2017; Pane et al., 2014). Similarly, intelligent tutoring systems, which provide real-time feedback, resonate with SoTL’s focus on formative assessment and continuous improvement (VanLehn, 2011; Woolf et al., 2013). By integrating SoTL principles into AI research, educators and researchers can ensure that AI technologies are not only effective but also equitable and inclusive (Felten, 2013; Hutchings & Shulman, 1999).Moreover, SoTL’s emphasis on reflective practice and iterative improvement is particularly relevant in addressing the ethical and pedagogical challenges associated with AI in education. For example, algorithmic biases and data privacy concerns can be mitigated through rigorous evaluation and iterative refinement of AI systems, guided by SoTL principles (Eubanks, 2018; O’Neil, 2016). By embedding SoTL into the design and implementation of AI technologies, educators can create more transparent, accountable, and student-centered learning environments (Hutchings & Shulman, 1999; Felten, 2013).This study examines bibliometric trends in AI and science education research between 2015 and 2024, investigating the impact of these technologies on student learning and teaching practices. Guided by the principles of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL), this research systematically evaluates the role of AI in education, emphasizing its potential to enhance student learning and transform teaching practices. Furthermore, this study proposes solutions to the ethical and pedagogical challenges associated with AI in education, providing a framework for future research.

The increasing volume of scientific publications necessitates both a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and the forecasting of future trends by researchers. In this context, bibliometric methods and machine learning approaches have emerged as powerful tools for examining the quantitative and qualitative aspects of scientific communication. This study introduces BiBLoX, a web-based platform developed using Python and the Flask framework. BiBLoX features automatic data retrieval from databases such as Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and TRDizin, conducts various bibliometric analyses (e.g., author collaboration networks, citation distributions, word frequencies), and predicts future publication/citation counts through Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Decision Tree (DT) models. The presented results indicate that BiBLoX is an effective tool for both retrospective bibliometric analyses and forward-looking forecasts. The findings are of a guiding nature for academic institutions and science policy makers in strategic decision-making.

Long-term crustal exhumation histories as recorded by regional thermochronology provide an important record with which to constrain the timing and rate of a breadth of geodynamic, tectonic, magmatic and surface processes through deep time. However, determining the geological mechanisms responsible for long-term upper crustal thermal fluxes recorded is often hindered by the fact that thermochronology data are conventionally interpreted in a present-day, regional geographic framework. Here, we present a novel workflow for placing low-temperature thermochronology data and thermal history modelling results into numerical plate tectonic, mantle dynamic and paleoclimate reconstructions. Using a compilation of published fission-track and (U-Th)/He data and inverse thermal history models from Central Asia, we show how placing thermochronology data in a paleogeographic context can help untangle the geodynamic, tectonic and climate drivers of deep-time exhumation histories. This analysis shows that the diachronous Mesozoic-to-recent (230-0 Ma) exhumation history of Central Asia was largely controlled by the reactivation of crustal-scale Paleozoic heterogeneities in response to plate kinematics and Tethyan subduction dynamics, with dynamic topography and changes in paleoprecipitation playing a relatively insignificant role.

Tirzepatide, a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor co-agonist, has demonstrated significant efficacy in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, its use can be associated with severe gastrointestinal (GI)-related adverse effects. This case report describes a 38-year-old male who developed severe vomiting and