Introduction:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrated blood derivative that contains high levels of platelets and growth factors. It is formed by centrifuging a patient’s own blood and isolating the platelet-rich portion, which is then injected or applied topically back into the same patient for cosmetic purposes(1).It recently has emerged as a new treatment modality in regenerative plastic surgery, and evidences suggest that it might have a beneficial role in hair regrowth(2). As an autologous concentration of platelets, it also has a concentration of the 7 fundamental protein growth factors including the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF),transforming growth factors-β (TGFβ), vascular endothelial growth factor, and epithelial growth factor(3).Since the last decade, it has served as a valuable therapeutic tool in various specialties such as maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, orthopedics and sports medicine and recently has PRP been utilized for dermatologic purposes, more specifically, for the treatment of male and female pattern hair loss(4),for skin revitalization where higher-quality, less biased studies have supported PRP as a reliable and safe therapeutic option(5).However, all therapies have side effects and since no solution is perfect, questions still remain around whether it is completely safe, though known to be autologous, meaning that it comes from the patient’s own body, and, allergic reactions cannot occur to one’s own blood and the body will not reject it(6).Among the diverse effects linked to PRP are local infection with Staphylococcus aureus(7), Spondylodiscitis due to Cutibacterium acnes infection(8),Septic arthritis in the left knee due to Streptococcus mitis infection(9), wound infection(10), Super-infection of the ulcer bed(11), irreversible blindness(12),Development of multiple slightly reddish nodules at injection sites(13) and Serum sickness disease(14).Despite their general safety, a rare but severe complication associated with these is visual impairment, including blindness(15).

Objective To estimate the risk of term pre-eclampsia (PE) in women who screened positive for preterm PE in the first trimester and to assess the impact of screening method and timing of delivery on the risk of developing term PE. Design Retrospective observational cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral hospital in London, United Kingdom. Population A total of 1802 women with singleton pregnancies screened for PE using maternal risk factors per NICE guidelines and who delivered at term (≥37 weeks’ gestation). Methods The Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) combined screening algorithm was retrospectively applied to the cohort using maternal risk factors, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Women were stratified by FMF screening result and timing of delivery. Outcomes were compared between those delivering before 40 weeks and those delivering at or after 40 weeks. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was incidence of term PE. Secondary outcomes included pregnancy-induced hypertension, low birthweight, birthweight centile, emergency caesarean section, and neonatal admissions. Results FMF screening identified 12.4% of women as screen-positive versus 9.4% with NICE. Among FMF screen-positive women, term PE incidence was significantly higher in those delivering at ≥40 weeks compared to those delivering at 37 +0–39 +6 weeks (28% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.008). Delivery at 38 +0–39 +6 weeks prevented one PE case per seven women; delivery at 39 +0–39 +6 weeks prevented one case per six. Conclusions Timed delivery before 40 weeks in FMF screen-positive women may significantly reduce the risk of term PE. Further studies are needed to optimise delivery strategies for this population.

Pregnancy complicated by Castleman disease: a rare case report and review of literatureMan Zhang1,2, Mengjie Gao1,2, Yufeng Wu1,2, Jianhong Liu1,2, Xiaowei Chen1,2, Hongyu Jin1,21Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China2Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationCorresponding author: Dr. Hongyu Jin, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Email: jinhongyu324@icloud.com.

Objective: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a critical determinant of poor prognosis in rectal cancer (RC), especially during its early stages. Some patients may have the opportunity to avoid invasive surgery if LNM are accurately assessed. Therefore, precise evaluation of LNM is crucial. This study aims to identify factors associated with LNM and to develop a predictive nomogram for estimating the risk of LNM in patients with RC. Methods: We analyzed a total of 6,114 early-stage RC cases retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database spanning 2010 to 2017. The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. Using this data, we constructed seven machine learning (ML) algorithm models. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), and additional performance metrics. The top-performing model was subsequently employed to elucidate the associations between clinicopathological features and the target variable. Results: This study included 6,114 patients, among whom 1,028 (16.73%) had LNM. Logistic regression (LR) analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with LNM in patients with early-stage RC, and a nomogram was developed to predict LNM. By evaluating different models based on various metrics, the gradient boosting machine (GBM) algorithm demonstrated the best predictive performance. Conclusion: This study developed a GBM model to predict the risk of LNM in T1 and T2 stage RC patients, offering valuable support for surgeons in making informed clinical decisions.

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a medicinal plant widely recognized and cultivated for its diverse pharmacological properties. This review explores its therapeutic potential, highlighting its antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activites. The bioactive compounds in lemongrass including citral, geraniol, limonene, and myrcene, contribute to its medicinal efficacy. Additionally, studies indicate its potential in managing pain, reducing anxiety, and improving gastrointestinal health. Despite extensive preclinical research supporting its therapeutic applications, further clinical trials are necessary to validate its efficacy and establish standardized dosages. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of lemongrass as a valuable natural remedy in modern medicine

“Brachial plexus injury is not caused by the uterus and is preventable: Evidence updated, theories debunked, myths dispelled: An Editorial”

Aims: The study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with negative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) results among those with low-risk early-stage breast cancer, providing evidence for criteria to exempt certain patients from SLNB. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients with early-stage breast cancer (cT0-2 N0-1 M0) from January 2015 to December 2020. Patients were categorized into negative and positive groups based on their SLNB results. The clinical data collected included demographics, imaging findings, clinical stage, pathological information, and treatment outcomes. Results: Out of 385 patients, 252 had negative SLNB. Risk factors for negative SLNB included being under 40 years old, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), early clinical staging, smaller tumor diameters (<2 cm), higher levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression, negative Her-2 status, and lower Ki67 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that positive lymph nodes from MRI correlated with higher rates of axillary lymph node metastasis, with MRI-detected positive findings being a significant risk factor for postoperative recurrence and metastasis. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) time between the negative and positive SLNB groups. Conclusions: SLNB may not be necessary for early-stage breast cancer patients under 40 with tumors smaller than 2 cm, DCIS, positive ER and PR expression, and negative MRI findings. MRI was emphasized as a critical tool for predicting lymph node metastasis and assessing patient prognosis.

Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) are extensively employed in engineering applications owing to their outstanding mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the transverse tensile mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms at the fiber-matrix interface remain inadequately explored. In this study, CFRC specimens were fabricated and subjected to in situ computed tomography (CT) scanning at incremental load stages during transverse tensile testing. Post-loading CT datasets were processed to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) models of the specimens, quantify internal pore distribution, analyze porosity evolution, and characterize crack initiation and fracture morphology. Additionally, digital volume correlation (DVC) was implemented to investigate the three-dimensional strain field within the loaded specimens. The results demonstrated that CFRCs exhibit a high initial porosity of 1.4%, with porosity increasing by 3.69 times (reaching 5.16%) from initial loading to fracture onset, indicative of rapid damage accumulation. DVC-based strain field analysis successfully identified localized strain concentrations, enabling precise prediction of ultimate fracture locations.

IntroductionThe etiology and evolution of respiratory viruses remain threats to public health that necessitate continued scientific investigation. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has placed coronaviruses under unprecedented global scrutiny, with the XEC variant being the latest addition to the Omicron lineage. Concurrently, the discovery of HKU5-CoV-2 in bats has been worrying due to its capacity to infect human cells using the ACE2 receptor, much like SARS-CoV-2. Parallel to this, Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), a previously long-documented respiratory infection pathogen, continues to circulate globally, causing severe respiratory illness, particularly in vulnerable subjects. This comparative study aims to explore the molecular forms, modes of transmission, and clinical importance of the viruses, illuminating the unique features as well as the shared pathogenic pathways(Ahmed, 2024d).The XEC strain, first detected in Germany in mid-2024, later gained prominence due to its increased transmissibility and immune system evasion ability. XEC was reported to have multiple spike protein mutations that make it more effective to bind to the ACE2 receptor while avoiding neutralizing antibodies induced by prior infection or immunization. Its heightened fitness has also caused widespread spread in several regions, posing its potential to prolong the pandemic. Despite its clinical presentation generally resulting in milder symptoms than prior SARS-CoV-2 variants, the rapid spread of XEC underscores the virus’s ongoing evolution and adaptation and poses an ongoing challenge to public health interventions and vaccine effectiveness(Ahmed, 2024g).HKU5-CoV-2, a newly identified bat coronavirus, was particularly significant because it could infect human cells through the ACE2 receptor, as in SARS-CoV-2. HKU5-CoV-2’s genome closely resembles MERS-CoV and other zoonotic coronaviruses, discovered during bat surveillance. Although lab experiments indicate decreased human infectivity relative to COVID-19, cross-species transmission and genetic recombination capacity of HKU5-CoV-2 are problematic for concerns of future spillover. This finding highlights the need for surveillance of animal reservoirs and elucidation of zoonotic transmission routes to avoid possible outbreaks.On the other hand, hMPV, a Pneumoviridae family member, has a different virological profile. Unlike coronaviruses, hMPV does not have the mechanism of entry via the spike protein but rather through the fusion (F) protein to infect host cells. Clinically, hMPV has been identified as a cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections with severe manifestations most frequently occurring in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Recent epidemiological data have indicated rising rates of hospitalization of hMPV infection, particularly with seasonal epidemics, necessitating concern regarding its impact on healthcare resources. Notably, hMPV infection leads to complications of pneumonia and bronchiolitis, which make it a significant cause of respiratory illnesses worldwide(Ahmed, 2024r).By comparing molecular structures, patterns of transmission, and clinical impact of XEC, HKU5-CoV-2, and hMPV, this study aims to develop greater insights into viral pathogenesis and mechanisms of immune evasion. Comparative examination of the viruses alongside each other not only heightens awareness of their individual actions but also unearths broader relevance for pandemic preparedness and targeted therapy design. Understanding the evolutionary history of these viruses, host adaptation, and clinical presentation is crucial to guiding future efforts and strengthening global health responses to emerging respiratory pathogens(Ahmed, 2024q).

A document by Bipesh Kumar Shah. Click on the document to view its contents.

The present study aimed to describe the anatomical, scanning electron microscopic, and histological features of the ocular eyelids and muscles of the Egyptian agama, Trapelus mutabilis. The eye of the Egyptian agama is characterized by mobile upper and lower eyelids and a small, immobile, nictitating membrane. The upper eyelid appears shorter than the lower one, and the head skin above the upper eyelid extends laterally to form a superior extension. The scales of the eyelids are arranged in the same order and are equipped with micro-ornamentation and sense organs at their tips. In contrast, the histological structure of the upper eyelid is similar to that of the lower eyelid. The external surface of both eyelids is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of 2-4 cell layers, while cuboidal stratified epithelium lines their internal surface. Both eyelids contain iridophores and melanophores. The immobile nictitating membrane (third eyelid) appears as a small protrusion with a concave surface that connects with the lacrimal gland posteriorly at the anterior canthus of the eye. Its external surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, while its internal surface is lined by one or two layers with rounded nuclei attached to the conjunctival epithelium. Video recordings of eye movement in the laboratory revealed that the movement of the eyelid is synchronized with the eyeball movements, allowing all eye movements to be observed. The placement of the eye inside the skull, its protection by two eyelids equipped with hard scales and sensory organs, and the presence of a superior extension of broad scales acting as an umbrella for the eyes, in addition to the presence of two types of pigment cells, enhance eye protection against ultraviolet rays. All these characteristics are well-suited for the remote desert environment in which the agama lives.

Introduction Telephone crisis helplines provide around the clock support for individuals experiencing crisis situations, physical/mental illness or experiencing suicidal related behaviour. Lifeline is a telephone crisis helpline which also offers talking therapies and face-to-face counselling sessions. The objective of this study was to examine changes in ‘Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation’ (CORE) scores in those who participated in talking therapy packages provided by Lifeline. CORE scores which reflect quantitative data on the individual’s psychological state (before and after completion of talking therapy) was captured using two forms of CORE measuring tools. Methods CORE assessments were carried out for 5,578 individuals before-and-after they engaged with talking therapy from Lifeline between 2013-2020. Two forms of CORE measuring tools were used (CORE-OM and CORE-10). Mean scores for each client from pre-therapy assessments were compared to mean scores from post-therapy assessments for each form of measure. Results There was a significant decrease in CORE scores (p<0.001 for CORE-OM and CORE-10) across all forms from pre-therapy to post-therapy, signifying that clients’ mental wellbeing improved as a result from talking therapies provided by Lifeline. The proportion of clients who made Reliable and Clinically Significant Improvement (RCSI), Reliable Improvement (RI) No Reliable Improvement (NRI) and Reliable Deterioration (RD) for each CORE measurement are discussed. Conclusion Results demonstrate that talking therapy packages provided by crisis helplines can be effective in reducing levels of psychological distress in those who utilise the service.

Both subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and overweight or obesity are prevalent in major depressive disorder (MDD), with inconsistent results due to differences in inclusion criteria in previous studies. Few previous studies have compared the prevalence and influencing factors of SCH in MDD patients accompanied by overweight or obesity between those who are not. The aim of our study was to examine the prevalence of SCH and associated risk factors among young Chinese first-episode drug-naïve (FEND) MDD patients with overweight or obesity and exclude the impact of age and medication. This study recruited a total of 1289 young FEDN MDD outpatients and their demographic data, clinical information, thyroid function and biochemical parameters were collected. They were also assessed on the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Inventory (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Symptom Scales (PANSS). The incidence of SCH in young FEDN MDD patients with overweight or obesity was 65.78%, which was 1.59 times higher than that in patients without high BMI (28.6%). Patients with SCH had longer duration of illness, higher HAMA, HAMD, and PANSS positive symptom scores, stronger suicide attempts, higher blood pressure (BP), higher fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC) levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels than those without SCH. Additionally, logistic regression showed that the HAMD score, fasting blood glucose, TC levels, HDL-C levels, systolic and diastolic BP were significantly associated with SCH. Furthermore, the combination of TC levels and systolic BP could differentiate patients with SCH from those without SCH. Our results suggested a high incidence of SCH in young MDD patients with high BMI. The severity of depression and several metabolic parameters contribute to the incidence of SCH in young MDD patients with high BMI.

Introduction: People with psychotic disorders face a significant disparity in life expectancy, primarily due to preventable health conditions. Mental health clinicians play a vital role in addressing these issues, yet barriers such as lack of training, low confidence, and unclear role responsibility impede effective interventions. This study explores the motivation, perceived competence, and communication styles of clinicians addressing physical health for young people with first-episode psychosis, using Self-Determination Theory as a framework. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with six case managers and five psychiatrists at a specialized early intervention service. Thematic analysis identified key themes, and quantitative ratings assessed attitudes, perceived competence, and communication styles. Results were synthesized into Self-Determination Theory constructs. Results: Quantitative ratings highlighted gaps in training, resources, and prioritization of physical health. Seven themes emerged from clinician interviews: 1) role responsibility, 2) constrained autonomy, 3) autonomous motivation, 4) clinician competence, 5) perceived young person’s competence, 6) domain-dependent communication, and 7) the centrality of relatedness for treatment. Clinicians reported a more directive approach for weight-related issues compared to substance use. Conclusion: Clinicians face significant systemic and individual barriers to addressing physical health in first-episode psychosis. Enhancing autonomy-supportive environments, clarifying role responsibilities, and providing targeted training could improve engagement and outcomes. Integrating physical health within mental health care must be prioritized to reduce disparities.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome in a Female Adult: A Rare Case of Progressive Hemiparesis, Epilepsy, and Cerebral HemiatrophyQuang La1,2,3, Aiman Baloch2,4, Muhammad Ayub, MBBS5, Sobia Ahmed, MBBS5, David F. Lo, MBS1,6,71. Futures Forward Research Institute, Toms River, NJ2. The Innovative STEMagazine 501(c)3, College Station, TX, USA3. Department of Biology, Blinn College, Bryan, TX, USA4. Mekran Medical College, Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan5. Department of Radiology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan6. American Preventive Screening & Education Association (APSEA), Stratford, NJ, USA7. Department of Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

A document by Mohammadhossein Kouhpaeenejad. Click on the document to view its contents.

A debilitating corneal ectasia, designated as Keratoconus, often leads to distorted and obscured vision, and greater reactivity to light. Inevitably, the cornea becomes thinner and protrudes outward forming a cone-like-configuration. The research hypothesis is initiated to estimate the reliability of the mirror symmetry and the dimensions of keratoconus severity, prospecting that mirror otant possessed a significant impact on the trajectory of the disorder. This study included patients with clinically diagnosed with bilateral keratoconus and bilateral astigmatism. Mirror symmetry or Enantiomorphism was quantified employing the refractive cylindrical notations of yoke eye. Pentacam enable the observation of keratoconus severity utilizing corneal thickness, average corneal thinning, and asphericity coefficient. Multiple R was performed to analyse the model fit along with descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA, guided by F-statistics, was solicited to analyze group variability, while a scatter plot was exploited to forecast the direction of Mirror Octant association of the variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. With a significant (p < 0.05) F-statistic, the mirror symmetry remains the statistically significant predictor in the regression model. Average corneal dioptre for both eyes exhibit a positive correlation. Conversely, corneal thickness and asphericity coefficient for both eyes demonstrates a negative correlation with mirror symmetry. Mirror Symmetry’s applicability may be inadequate by its subservience on corneal contour analysis, which, although obliging, may abstruse other salient clinical considerations. With 35.6% of the model variability, it indicates a room for improvement by adding nonlinear predictors to enhance the model.

To better understand the effect of multiple factors on terrain design for the airport runway, the semi-automatic runway topography optimization (SRTO) was proposed based on the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. The longitudinal profile was simulated, and the results were applied in GS (Gongshan, a city located southwest of China) airport. Moreover, we present analysis of the number of slope changing point, cross slope direction and weight coefficient to optimize the components of the algorithm. the operation iteration speed of the program can be optimized up to less than 1 second per scheme by a practical algorithm structure design. The result showed that the number of slope changing point in longitudinal is the most significant factor for earthwork decline. A widely optional range of cross slopes decreases the excavation volume near the hillside. The weight coefficient can keep the total volume (filling and excavation) change in an accepted range while decreasing the real volume(difference of filling and excavation). Moreover, the real volume can be declined to -0.29 10 4m 3, and the total volume only increased 120.03 10 4m 3. The findings of this paper could optimize the earthwork for runway design when a target influenced by multiple constraints.

Lithium-ion (LIBs) batteries have gained significant attention in recent years due to their widespread applications in electric vehicles, portable electronics, energy storage and renewable energy systems. However, their increasing use raises concerns about safety, reliability, and performance under various operating conditions. Among these, the impact of vibrations encountered during transportation, operation in vehicles, and industrial environments on battery performance, State of Charge (SoC) and other critical parameters is of particular importance. This study is an overview that focuses on understanding the effects of vibrations on Li-ion batteries (especially cylindrical, pouch and prismatic cells) through a combination of experimental testing and simulation modeling results. The experimental results highlight the influence of vibration-induced stress on electrical performance, and battery degradation behavior. Simulations complement these findings by providing insights into the mechanical and electrochemical responses, effect on Battery thermal management systems under different vibration frequencies and amplitudes. By addressing these effects comprehensively, this overview aims to contribute to the design of more robust Li-ion battery systems capable of withstanding dynamic environments. The experimental studies show that discharge capacities were decreasing by upto 3% depending on the cycles, frequencies and the amplitudes of vibrations, this could be attributed to the separator and graphite anode material degradation. Also, the simulation results showed that the battery temperature management systems (BTMS) will be more effective under vibration conditions.

Recently, the beauty market demands easier and more accurate skin diagnosis methods that can diagnose skin in a non-contact manner. In this study, we proposed a non-contact skin diagnosis method to evaluate personal skin information through mechanical matching of simulated optical skin reflection spectrum based on the Kubelka-Munk 2-layer model with actually measured skin reflection spectrum. For the validation of these skin information, correlation analysis between the spectrum matched skin information and the actually measured skin information was performed. Results confirmed that the spectrum matched skin information (melanin, hemoglobin, and dermis thickness) had a strong correlation with the actually measured skin information in terms of statistical significance.

Background: Traditional management of atrial flutter (AFl) includes catheter ablation and pharmacological therapy. Antitachycardia pacing (ATP) has been explored as an alternative, with variable efficacy in terminating atrial arrhythmias. The intrinsic ATP (iATP) algorithm, previously validated for ventricular tachycardia, may offer enhanced efficacy in the atrium by leveraging programmed stimulation (PS). Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy of iATP in terminating AFl and compares it to traditional ramp pacing protocols. Methods: A prospective, randomized crossover trial was conducted in patients undergoing AFl ablation. Three ATP protocols were tested: (1) ramp pacing at 91% of tachycardia cycle length (TCL), (2) ramp pacing at 81% TCL, and (3) iATP, which incorporated PS with decrementing extra-stimuli. The primary endpoint was termination of AFl or acceleration to atrial fibrillation (AF), which was considered beneficial for rate control. Results: Seventeen patients completed the protocol. AFl termination rates were 17.6% (Protocol 1), 20.5% (Protocol 2), and 38% (iATP). The iATP protocol also induced AF in 8 cases, compared to 1 and 4 cases in Protocols 1 and 2, respectively. The increased efficacy of iATP is attributed to its ability to introduce premature wavefronts into the excitable gap, enhancing termination rates. Conclusion: iATP demonstrated superior efficacy in terminating AFl and accelerating it to AF compared to traditional ramp pacing. These findings support further exploration of iATP as a pacing-based intervention in atrial arrhythmia management. Future studies should assess its broader applicability in atypical AFl and AF.

Background: Cavotricuspid isthmus ablation (CTI) is a first line therapy in patients with typical atrial flutter. With the advent of Pulsed Field (PF) as a new energy source, we sought to evaluate the use of PF for CTI ablation. A systematic literature search was conducted on the use of PF for CTI-flutter up to December 2024. A meta-analysis was performed for studies reporting pooled data, while a patient-level summary was done for reports with available individual data. The mean number of PF applications, acute success rate, and prevalence of coronary vasospasm were evaluated. Results: Eleven studies with pooled data from 155 patients were included. All patients had an acute block of the CTI. The mean number of PFA applications was 7.78 (95% CI 6.53–9.48). The incidence of ST-elevation was 0.04% (95% CI 0-2.23%). Subclinical vasospasm was documented in 45% (95% CI 32%–59%) of patients who underwent periprocedural coronary angiography. Prophylactic use of nitrates showed a trend toward reducing the incidence of subclinical vasospasm (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06–1.06, p=0.059). Twelve cases with patient-level data were included; six reported complications, including ST elevation and conduction disturbances. Conclusion: PFA for CTI flutter demonstrates high acute success; however, evidence regarding the durability of the block is limited. Clinical vasospasm with ST segment elevation is uncommon but can lead to life-threatening complications. The incidence of subclinical vasospasm is high, and nitrates trend toward reducing this phenomenon. To date, the role of PFA for this condition appears to be limited.

Effective wound healing remains a critical focus of intensive research. Traditional wound dressings with limited functionality and passive protection fail to meet the multifaceted demands of clinical wound management, while modern synthetic dressings still lack the capacity to emulate sophisticated biological healing mechanisms. Natural mucus from amphibians, mollusks, plants, and microbes exhibits unique dynamic bioadhesion and multi-component synergy. These properties enable effective intervention in complex wound models, including organ hemostasis, diabetic ulcers, and severe burns. Characterized by unique viscoelastic properties and dynamic interfacial adaptability, these biopolymeric matrices demonstrate superior biocompatibility coupled with multifaceted therapeutic actions, including mucopolysaccharide-mediated hydration maintenance, pathogen sequestration through glycoprotein interactions, and growth factor modulation for enhanced tissue regeneration. In this review, we explore the key functions of natural mucus in various wound healing models. By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic efficacy and comparing performance metrics with clinical wound dressings, we establish a scientific rationale for mucus-inspired biomaterial design. This comprehensive assessment not only reveals the untapped potential of renewable biological resources in developing eco-friendly, high-performance wound care alternatives but also provides theoretical guidance for developing next-generation smart dressings with bioactive, self-adaptive, and environmentally responsive characteristics.

A document by Shahida Sultana Shumi. Click on the document to view its contents.