Underwater object tracking is a highly challenging task in the field of computer vision. This study focuses on this domain and proposes an innovative fine-grained temporal encoding and decoding-based underwater object tracking method. Due to the complex and dynamic underwater environment, such as uneven lighting, turbid water quality, and complex target motion patterns, existing underwater object tracking methods face significant limitations in accuracy and stability. By carefully designing a refinement module that combines fine-grained consistency and candidate elimination, this method can accurately extract fine-grained features of the target and effectively mitigate the interference of various underwater complexities during feature extraction, thereby improving the precision of target features. Furthermore, leveraging the temporal encoding-decoding module, the target features are continuously propagated along the temporal sequence, allowing full utilization of the relational information between frames, which further enhances tracking stability. Experiments were conducted on the UVOT400 dataset, which is large-scale and rich in attributes with diverse target categories. The results demonstrate that, compared to existing methods, this approach significantly outperforms in both accuracy and stability of underwater object tracking, providing new insights and effective solutions for the advancement of underwater object tracking technology.

IntroductionA colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves the creation of an artificial opening in the abdominal wall, known as a stoma, to selectively divert a portion of the colon to the outside of the body. This procedure is employed in a variety of clinical contexts, such as intestinal obstruction, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, traumatic injuries or perforations of the colon, anal or rectal fistulas, and complicated diverticulitis. Its objective is to restore fecal evacuation in situations where normal colon function is compromised, with the aim of improving the patient’s quality of life and contributing to the treatment of the underlying pathology.¹The application of the extraperitoneal technique in the creation of a permanent colostomy represents an advanced surgical procedure that offers significant benefits by notably reducing complications such as parastomal hernias. Although it requires specific technical skills and careful consideration of each patient’s particularities, this methodology marks an important advancement in contemporary surgical practice.² Its implementation not only leads to a tangible improvement in postoperative outcomes but also contributes significantly to the quality of life of individuals undergoing ostomy procedures.³,⁴Parastomal hernias are a frequent complication that may arise following the creation of a colostomy or any type of ostomy. This type of hernia is characterized by the protrusion of intra-abdominal organs, such as the intestine, through a defect in the abdominal wall adjacent to the stoma. The clinical relevance of parastomal hernias lies in their considerable negative impact on the quality of life of affected patients. In addition to the discomfort and pain they may cause, these hernias have the potential to lead to serious complications such as intestinal obstruction, strangulation of the intestine, and problems with stoma function.⁵,⁶

The survival of interleukin (IL)-13-deficient (IL-13 −/−) mice was significantly lower compared with that of wild-type mice during bloodstream infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels and complement C3 (C3) mRNA expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were also significantly lower in IL-13 −/− mice compared with wild-type mice, which partially explains their impaired resistance. The results indicate an important role for IL-13 in regulating IgM and C3 production and provide insight into humoral innate immunity against systemic pneumococcal infections. This is the first report demonstrating reduced host resistance associated with IL-13 deficiency during pneumococcal bacteremia.

The increasing burden on healthcare systems in developing countries has highlighted the urgent need for efficient, scalable, and datadriven solutions to improve service delivery and decision-making. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based Health Information Systems (HIS) offer a promising avenue to address these challenges by enabling real-time data collection, analysis, and dissemination. This paper explores the architecture, applications, and effectiveness of ICT-based HIS in lowresource settings, with a focus on electronic medical records, mobile health (mHealth) platforms, and national digital registries. Through an extensive review of case studies and existing literature, the paper identifies key benefits such as improved patient tracking, disease surveillance, and resource allocation. However, the implementation of these systems is often hindered by infrastructural deficits, limited digital literacy, and policy constraints. A strategic framework is proposed to address these barriers and guide sustainable deployment. The study concludes that with the right policy, technical support, and stakeholder collaboration, ICT-based HIS can play a pivotal role in achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development goals in the Global South.

Chur Chin Department of Emergency Medicine, New life Hospital, Bokhyun-dong, Bukgu, Daegu, Korea. E-mail:~isisdiosa@nate.com

The rubrics used in most standardized language tests for argumentative writing extensively focus on surface-level language features, while often neglecting the rigor and effectiveness of argumentation. Furthermore, the diverse argumentation models and rhetorical conventions employed by L2 writers further raise concerns about the fairness and validity of rubrics based on predetermined frameworks. Existing rubrics show considerable divergence, with many lacking a data-driven foundation and failing to incorporate input from learners and writing instructors. To address these issues, this study proposes a refined rubric that more accurately captures both the structural and substantive elements of argumentation by integrating argument models and Paul and Elder's (1999) Intellectual Standards. A five-point scale rubric was developed and validated through discourse analysis of 104 EFL argumentative essays, refined by iterative scoring-revision cycles and feedback from five L2 learners and a writing instructor. The study contributes to the development of a more comprehensive, theory-informed, and context-sensitive framework for L2 writing assessment.

Understanding the potential effects of climate change on species distribution is vital for the conservation of endangered taxa. The Saxifragaceae family, known to be susceptible to habitat disturbance, has a diverse distribution. While a significant portion is found on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP), about half the species of Saxifraga are native to Europe, and other genera, such as Heuchera, have their centers of diversity in regions like North America and Japan. In this study, we employ the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model in conjunction with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) to assess the MaxEnt potential influence of climate change on the distribution and richness of four endangered Saxifragaceae species (Saxifraga cernua L., Saxifraga tangutica Engl., Saxifraga przewalskii Engl. ex-Maxim., Saxifraga unguiculata Engl.) on the QXP, spanning time periods from the Last Glacial Maximum to 2080. Our results indicate that factors such as elevation, slope, mean annual temperature, isothermality, precipitation seasonality, and precipitation during the wettest quarter significantly affect species distribution patterns. Historical climate models demonstrate that approximately 30% of the QXP provided highly suitable habitat for Saxifragaceae species. Current projections suggest that this proportion has increased to over 30% and is anticipated to remain above 30% for the subsequent three-time intervals. Optimal habitats have been identified in southeastern QXP, western Sichuan, and northern Yunnan. The taxa are predicted to shift southward in response to future climate changes. Our findings underscore the importance of implementing conservation strategies that prioritize the establishment of protected areas in the southeastern QXP to safeguard these vulnerable Saxifragaceae species.

Abstract: The peony (Paeonia) of Sect. Paeonia is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its numerous ornamental varieties and rich diversity in flower color and shape. It holds significant ornamental, edible, and medicinal value and has a long history of cultivation in China. In this study, we conducted phenotypic trait diversity analysis and scoring of different peony varieties through statistical weight analysis and comprehensive coefficient evaluation. This work has not been previously reported in the literature. The study of phenotypic diversity is an important foundation for peony breeding. Here, we performed phenotypic diversity analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis on 43 varieties of peony germplasm resources. The phenotypic traits included 30 qualitative traits and 7 quantitative traits. Through genetic diversity analysis, PCA, comprehensive evaluation, and cluster analysis, we concluded that the plant samples exhibited relatively rich genetic phenotypic traits. In the PCA, the first 12 principal components accounted for the vast majority of the information regarding phenotypic traits. The comprehensive evaluation results indicated that the F values of each variety in the germplasm sample were all positive numbers. The degree of stamen petalization played a key role in determining the phenotypic diversity of the plants, while the shape of the cotyledons and leaflets may influence the plant’s stress resistance performance. These findings provide a valuable reference for breeding new varieties of peony. Keywords: Ornamental peony; Sect. Paeonia plants; phenotypic traits; genetic diversity; comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resource phenotypes

Bitter taste perception helps animals avoid over-consuming toxic substances via Tas2rs genes-encoded receptors. Currently, most existing studies on the correlation between feeding preference and Tas2r repertoire in animals focus on smaller animal taxonomic groups. With data accumulation in this topic, we reevaluated this on a larger scale. Therefore, we collected the number of Tas2r genes (including intact genes, partial genes, and pseudogenes) and food habits of 227 reported species. Then we reconstructed the species tree with divergent time and performed correlation analysis using phylogenetically independent contrasts (PIC) to control for phylogenetic inertia. The results showed no correlation between diet and intact Tas2r gene number, but a positive correlation between total Tas2r gene number and putative functional Tas2r gene number (intact and partial genes). We conjectured that feeding preference did not affect gene number as a single factor and the discrepancy between the results of some previous and our present studies could be attributed to the divergence time, the species sample size and other factors such as historical contingency. By expanding the sample scope and integrating multi-omics data, this study offers new insights into the relationship between bitter taste perception and feeding adaptation in vertebrates.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technique that quantifies gene expression at the single-cell level, enabling the elucidation of cellular heterogeneity in organ development and disease. Organoids, serving as miniature in vitro models that mimic the architecture and function of human organs, have emerged as invaluable tools for investigating organ development, disease mechanisms, and drug screening. Traditional organoid research methods often fall short in accurately characterizing cellular heterogeneity, however, the integration of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology provides unprecedented insights into the gene expression profiles and dynamic changes of distinct cell types within organoids at single-cell resolution. By applying scRNA-seq to organoid models, the resulting data enhance our understanding of intracellular and intercellular biological processes, expand cell transcriptional profiles, and facilitate the identification of specific cell types. Combining scRNA-seq with organoid models has significantly propelled advancements in disease mechanism research, drug screening, and regenerative medicine, offering novel strategies and perspectives for personalized medicine and precision therapy. In this review, we elaborate the specific applications and advantages of scRNA-seq in organoid models, and explores future directions, opportunities, and challenges associated with single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology. It is anticipated that in the near future, the potential of scRNA-seq in organoid research will be further harnessed, thereby broadening the horizons of biomedical research.

IntroductionVeins are of two types; superficial veins located in the subcutaneous tissue; and deep veins situated within and surrounded by the muscles, both of which are interconnected by perforating veins.1,2 Literatures described the variation in superficial veins of forearm more than deep veins.1,3The anatomically and clinically important superficial veins of the upper limb include cephalic, basilic, median cubital, and antebrachial veins.3,4 Among these, variation in median cubital vein, located at superficial fascia along the roof of cubital fossa (hollow triangular fossa in front of elbow boundary being pronator teres medially and brachioradialis laterally) has utmost clinical importance3–5 because of its accessibility and frequent use in medical procedures.6 According to studies, six different types of variations of cubital veins were identified (Figure 1, Table 1).7 Literatures suggested that cubital veins are used in many clinical purposes such as; venipuncture; blood sampling; transfusions; infusion; health screening; intravenous injections particularly in emergency situations1,3,8–10; arterial access and anesthetic nerve blocks targeting the forearm5; introducing cardiac catheters to obtain blood samples from cardiac chambers11–13; and for creating arteriovenous fistulas for dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease.1,14,15 Therefore, understanding the anatomical variations of these veins is vital for healthcare professionals to avoid complications like hematoma, bruising, and nerve injury during procedures.16,17 These variations can make venipuncture challenging, especially for inexperienced health workers or in patients of shock, whose vessels are collapsed.18 In rare cases, complications like nerve injury and mistaken arterial punctures can occur careful anatomical consideration is not taken.17 This highlights importance of thorough knowledge of patterns of this vein of the cubital fossa to perform safe and effective medical procedures.

In some insects, the evolution of herbivory was facilitated by the acquisition of specialized structures that confer adaptive advantages, allowing access to new ecological niches. A notable evolutionary innovation in Drosophila suzukii is the ovipositor, characterized by an arrangement of heavily sclerotized bristles aligned along the distal margins of the plates. This structure allows flies to pierce the skin of fruits, facilitating oviposition inside the fruit and consequently annulling the agricultural value of the fruit. However, the specific features of the ovipositor that underlie the ability to penetrate the fruit remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated variation in the number of modified lateral bristles (MLBs) and assessed whether this trait affects the ability to penetrate the fruit skin during oviposition. Our study revealed remarkable intrapopulation variation, with a substantial proportion of the genetic variance being additive. We also performed selection experiments and were able to both increase and decrease the number of MLBs. Finally, oviposition assays showed that females with more MLBs produce more perforations in the skin of blueberries. Overall, these results suggest that MLBs play a key role in the ability to pierce the skin of fruits during oviposition, and the substantial amount of additive genetic variance indicates that the number of MLBs can evolve. We highlight the importance of further studies to shed light on the subtleties of the genetic architecture of the trait.

A 47-year-old male presented to our clinic with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The patient was admitted, and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted for primary prophylaxis. During the period following his discharge, the patient was readmitted due to pacemaker pocket infection. Despite the generators and ICD system being reimplanted on each hospitalization, the symptoms recurred. ICD generator was made of titanium alloy and a serial metal patch test was found to be positive for titanium oxalate hydrate. The ICD system was removed and re-implanted upon coating the generator with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheets. There was no recurrence of pain or swelling around the generator pocket following implantation. Herein, we report our experience with the use of PTFE sheet coating to avoid contact sensitivity to pacemaker material.

Chur ChinDepartment of Emergency Medicine,New life Hospital, Bokhyun-dong, Bukgu, Daegu, Korea.E-mail: isisdiosa@nate.comPhoton + weak or strong force by entanglementWeak force is carried by W⁺, W⁻, and Z bosons (massive spin-1 particles). Strong force is carried by gluons (massless spin-1 particles) acting on quarks. Photon is massless spin-1 particle, carrier of electromagnetism. Therefore, we’re considering non-electromagnetic forces (weak + strong) interacting with electromagnetic force (photon) via entanglement . Two quantum systems can become entangled if they interact directly, or are created in a correlated process, or exchange information via a mediator. How could (weak + strong) forces interact with the photon? When the electroweak unification happens at high energies (~100 GeV), the photon and the Z boson are actually mixtures of more fundamental fields (W3 and B). Photon is part of the original electroweak structure. Photon couples to charged weak bosons (W⁺, W⁻) — they interact directly via quantum processes. Thus, photons and weak force carriers can become entangled easily through interaction. For example, e−+e+→W++W-involves photons and W bosons together.How could strong forces interact with the photon? Photons can interact with quarks (which are color-charged under the strong force). Gluons themselves don’t carry electric charge, so they don’t couple directly to photons. However, quarks (which carry both electric and color charges) can mediate interactions between photon and gluons indirectly. Thus, through quark loops, photons can ”feel” gluons. Photon-gluon interactions happen in high-energy processes like deep inelastic scattering. Thus, photon and strong sector can also become entangled, though more indirectly [1].Photon + (weak + strong force) by entanglementThe (weak and strong forces) with photon, can become entangled as a combined system. Because, the weak force particles and strong force particles can both interact (directly or via matter fields) with the photon. A complex multi-field entangled state can form. A high-energy collision produces W bosons, quarks, and photons. The quantum states of these products are entangled because of energy, momentum, spin correlations. Thus, a weak + strong ”sector” can be jointly entangled with a photon. In the early universe (at temperatures above the electroweak scale), Electromagnetism and weak force were one unified force. Photons and W/Z bosons were just different aspects of the same entangled field. Thus, entanglement between photon and weak/strong forces was inevitable [2].

TitleThymic stromal lymphopoietin contributes to ozone-induced airway responses via conventional type 1 dendritic cells in mice

We report a new hyper unstable abnormal hemoglobin variant found in a Russian family. NGS revealed a new, previously unreported genetic variant in the 3’ exon of the β-globin gene [β141(H19)Leu-Pro (CTG>CCG); HBB: c.425T>C]. This variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the patient and was not found in his parents. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were within normal limits. We named this hemoglobin variant Hb Yoshkar-Ola after the birthplace of the proband.

Climate change and invasive species are leading drivers of biodiversity loss. Invasive species thrive due to their adaptability to diverse conditions, high reproductive output, and effective dispersal strategies. Climate change amplifies these traits by expanding the environmental tolerances that promote invasiveness. Island ecosystems are particularly susceptible to invasive species due to limited habitable space, small populations, and low ecological redundancy. South Georgia, a remote sub-Antarctic Island, is 170 km long with approximately 30,000 ha of vegetated coastal areas, as snow and ice dominate inland. Human activities on the island have historically introduced non-native species, resulting in 41 introduced vascular plant species compared with only 24 native ones. To address this imbalance, the South Georgia Non-Native Plant Management Strategy was implemented (2016–2020) to control non-native plant populations. We assessed seeds in South Georgia soil samples to identify which plant species were present and which non-natives had likely formed a persistent seed bank requiring continued above-ground control. Using a molecular barcoding approach, we evaluated traditional markers (rbcL and matK) and optimized a high-throughput sequencing method for accurate seedling identification. Soil samples collected from key areas of the island were analysed to identify emerging seedlings, providing insights into the persistence of invasive plant species in the seed bank and the impact of management efforts. This study highlights the importance of molecular tools for identifying invasive species and informing their management. It offers a framework for monitoring and mitigating invasive species under climate change pressures.

This study presents a comprehensive modernization of the classical interplanetary particle diffusion models originally developed by Parker and Krimigis. By integrating timedependent diffusion coefficients, turbulence-modulated scattering, particle drifts in the heliospheric magnetic field, and heliospheric boundary effects, the updated transport framework captures the dynamic and anisotropic nature of particle propagation in the solar wind. The model successfully reproduces key observational features, including the temporal and spatial profiles of solar energetic particle (SEP) events and cosmic ray modulation across the termination shock as measured by missions such as Parker Solar Probe and Voyager. These findings underscore the necessity of moving beyond steady-state diffusion approximations to accurately model energetic particle transport across the heliosphere. This work establishes a refined theoretical foundation that can inform future studies of space weather phenomena, cosmic ray physics, and heliospheric particle dynamics.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by Th2-skewed immune responses to allergens. Immune alterations in memory T cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells may influence baseline immune activity in AR patients even in the absence of allergen exposure, promoting sustained cytokine dysregulation, aberrant Tfh-B cell interactions, and impaired immune regulation. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role and function of T cell subsets in AR by analyzing PBMCs from AR patients and healthy controls, focusing on immunological differences and their implications. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AR patients and healthy individuals were analyzed via flow cytometry to assess Th1, Th2, Th17, Tregs, and Tfh cells. Results: Off-season shifts in T cell populations were observed in AR patients compared to healthy controls. Memory T-helper (Th) cells in AR patients showed reduced frequencies of Th1/Th17 subsets and CD49d -CD27 + memory Th cells, indicating a skewed T cell profile. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells also displayed an altered distribution: AR patients had decreased Tfh1 and Tfh1/Th17 frequencies, but increased Tfh17 and Tfh2 populations, suggesting enhanced Tfh-driven B cell support. Regulatory T (Treg) cells were similarly dysregulated, with reduced frequencies of Th1/Th17-like CD49d -CD27 + Tregs and CD49d -CD27 - Tregs, reflecting impaired immune regulation. Conclusion: Off-season memory Th cell polarization, Tfh subset skewing, and Treg dysfunction in AR likely prime patients for exaggerated immune responses upon pollen exposure. These immunologic alterations provide a mechanistic link to the heightened Th2 cytokine release and IgE-mediated inflammation that trigger AR symptoms during pollen season.

Purpose. The study aimed to assess impact of CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and UGT1A1 gene-associated pharmacotherapy on the patterns of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the random-SMS-initiated online survey population sample. Methods. Random adult customers of T2 Telecommunication Company were invited using Target-SMS software. Online questionnaire included questions on clinical-pharmacology, demographic, and other health-related characteristics. Pharmacogenetic (PGx) genes associated with individual cases of pharmacotherapy were identified using PharmGKB resources. Sum of CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and UGT1A1 genes involved in given pharmacotherapy case was referred to as PGx drug index (PGxDi). A total of 2149 respondents were enrolled; 83 participants were assigned to the pilot group to receive PGx testing for actionable CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and UGT1A1 genetic variants. Results. Pharmacotherapy was reported by 1456 respondents (67.8%); 265 participants (18.2%) reported major polypharmacy. PGxDi values correlated with the presence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, endocrine, musculoskeletal ( p < 0.0001), and urological diseases ( p < 0.01). PGxDi values were significantly associated with history of iatrogenic tinnitus and/or hearing loss ( p < 0.0001), muscle/joint pain/tendon rupture; eye conditions; and dyssomnias ( p < 0.01). Self-medication-seeking behavior negatively correlated with PGxDi ( p < 0.01). Proneness to ADRs correlated with the numbers of loss of function CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and UGT1A1 variants in the pilot group ( r = 0.2291, p = 0.04361). Conclusions. The involvement of CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and UGT1A1 genes in pharmacotherapy may significantly affect drug safety. Complications of PGx pharmacotherapy may be reduced by taking medication history, performing dose titration, and practicing medical minimalism.

Objective: The fulcrum as a structure that has been described in human and mammalian hearts as ossa cordis; the aim of the present study is to demonstrate its existence in the fetal heart, using ultrasonographic techniques and macro and microscopic anatomy. Methods: Ultrasound images of the fulcrum were obtained in 240 normal fetal hearts between 26 and 37 weeks of gestation, using 2D ultrasound and TM mode in 201 cases. Speckle tracking alone was used in 58 cases to demonstrate the triphasic movements of the fulcrum. Macroscopic anatomical dissection and histological study were performed in eight fetal hearts from spontaneous abortions (20-22 weeks). Results: We demonstrated the presence of the cardiac fulcrum, on which myocardial tissue fibers are inserted as a tendon constituting a unit that serves as a pivot for cardiac contraction, resulting in a three-phase displacement of the fulcrum. Values and displacement curves were obtained as a function of gestational age, adjusted to the cubic regression model and bivariate correlation (p < 0.001). Macroscopic anatomy and histology results are presented. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the myocardial fulcrum in the fetal heart, a structure composed of myxo-chondroid tissue, being able to be visualized by ultrasound. This structure that acts as a lever has a mixed displacement that can be quantified in terms of vertical, rotational, angular and deformation displacement. Its existence could be proved in macro and histological dissections demonstrating the anchorage of cardiac fibers at the ends of this structure.

This case report presents the prenatal diagnosis of type A persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) at 22 weeks gestation, identified by parallel vessels and bifurcated blood flow below the normal aortic arch. Postnatal evaluation confirmed PFAA with muscular VSD and limb abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing detected 14mb repeats at 9q33.3-q34.3, proving that PFAA was associated with chromosomal abnormalities. This case highlights the diagnostic value of ultrasound long-axis aortic arch view in detecting this rare abnormality.

Obstetricians counsel pregnant patients and partners on the risks of childbirth, including brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI), at which time there is an opportunity to mention early referral to a center that offers multidisciplinary care to patients with BPBIs. Early referral for BPBI significantly improves patient outcomes. In certain cases of BPBI, surgical intervention is indicated and improves function for the patient and quality of life for them and their family. This article is a collaboration between obstetricians, plastic surgeons, and neurosurgeons with the aim to provide a review of BPBI with focus on indications and options for surgical management.

Objectives: Pasteurella multocida is an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing a wide variety of human infections; therefore, it is a major public health problem worldwide. Antibiotics are still effective options for the treatment of P. multocida infections. Based on limited data on the global antibiotic susceptibility patterns of P. multocida-related human infections (PmHIs), in the present study, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of this literature. Methods: We performed a systematic search across major databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, to identify relevant studies that evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of PmHI isolates. Critical appraisal was carried out by means of a Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. All statistical analyses were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. The study protocol was prospectively registered (CRD42025644385). Results: A total of 11 studies investigated 304 PmHIs, which met our inclusion criteria. The pooled rates of sensitivity to tetracycline, cephalothin, penicillin, and ampicillin were: 96.7%, 95.7%, 94.2%, and 93%, respectively. However, the susceptibility rates to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin were lower than 85%. Considerable data heterogeneity ( I 2 > 50%, p-value < 0.05) was observed to erythromycin, penicillin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and cephalothin. The Begg’s tests did not indicate the publication bias ( p-value > 0.05), while the Egger’s tests showed some evidence of publication bias for tetracycline, penicillin, and ampicillin. Conclusions: Although this meta-analysis reported that the overall resistance of P. multocida to commonly prescribed antibiotics (i.e., tetracycline, cephalothin, penicillin, and ampicillin) is low; however, given the considerable heterogeneity among the studies, susceptibility testing prior to antibiotic choice is essential to avoid treatment failure.