The ability to predict community assembly, species coexistence, and biological invasions in a changing environment remains a significant challenge. Here, by combining a functional traits, niche and fitness frameworks we derived the following hypotheses: 1) species with analogous traits occupy analogous niches; 2) within each niche, species from the same morphology-based functional group (MBFG) are interchangeable and might cooperate; and 3) successful invaders belong to the resident MBFG. Controlled experiments with phytoplankton communities under contrasting environmental scenarios and the invasion of two bloom-forming toxic cyanobacteria were used to test hypothesis. Fitness was estimated using Tilman’s R*, and functional abilities were evaluated with morphological and metagenomic traits. Environmental filters were primary determinants of community structure, individual traits reflected the species niche and defined invasion success. Warm and eutrophic treatments increased total biomass, in which light limitation allowed filamentous cyanobacteria to dominate. However, different species of the same MBFG alternatively dominated or co-dominated while fundamental functions remained and potential cooperation observed. These findings, in conjunction with the successful invasion of species from the resident MBFG, contribute to a more nuanced understanding of community assembly according to Modern Coexistence Theory in species-rich communities and improve predictions of global impacts on water quality.

Objective To measure cardiovascular outcomes and risk associated with pregnancy among women diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) prior to 20 weeks’ gestation. Design Retrospective cohort study using linked RHD register, midwives, hospital and death records. Setting Population-level analysis of all births to women with RHD in four Australian jurisdictions (covering 71% total / 88% Indigenous population). Sample Females aged 12-44 years with first RHD diagnosis prior to age 35 years with at least one birth record, 2002-2017. Methods Survival methods (incorporating mixed effects and time-varying covariates) estimated proportions and Hazard Ratios. Main Outcome Measures Probability of hospitalisation for new Cardiovascular complications including pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease, heart failure, valvular surgery, stroke, infective endocarditis, atrial fibrillation, acute pulmonary oedema, cardiomyopathy and/or death. Results We identified 558 pregnancies in women with uncomplicated RHD (345 women) and 88 pregnancies in women with complicated RHD (60 women). During pregnancy 4.5% of women with uncomplicated RHD and 31.8% of women with complicated RHD experienced new cardiovascular complications. Cardiovascular complication risk was 3 to 6-fold higher during pregnancy than non-pregnancy and did not differ by RHD stage. Conclusions Women with RHD experienced heightened cardiovascular complication risks during pregnancy in alignment with RHD stage at 20 weeks gestation.

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of non-ablative capacitive–resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) on sexual function and vaginal health in postmenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Design: double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Setting: University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain Population: Sixty-three postmenopausal women with symptoms of GSM Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to receive six weekly sessions of CRMRF (n=32) or sham treatment (n=31). Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), posttreatment (T1), and at 12-week follow-up (T2) Main Outcome Measures: Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and vaginal health was assessed via the Vaginal Health Index (VHI). The vaginal maturation index and estrogenic status were also assessed via vaginal cytology. Results: Compared with the CG, the intervention group presented greater improvements in FSFI scores at both T1 (4.41, p<0.001) and T2 (3.19, p=0.005). The domain with the greatest improvement at T1 was dyspareunia (∆pain: 2.13, p<0.001 in the IG), with no significant change in the CG. The VHI score increased after treatment (4.74, p<0.001) and at follow-up (6.90, p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in estrogenic status. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: CRMRF significantly improves sexual function and vaginal health in women with GSM, with both within-group and between-group differences, particularly in the reduction of dyspareunia. The benefits appear to be independent of the vaginal maturation index, supporting CRMRF as a safe and effective non-hormonal therapy for GSM.

Objectives: Varicella vaccination has significantly reduced varicella incidence, but has raised concerns regarding the potential reactivation of herpes zoster (HZ). This study evaluated the epidemiology of low-age HZ and the causative varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genotype. Design or methods: This prospective study collected data from the Healthcare Big Data Center of Yichang, China, including patients with HZ aged no more than 20 years. Clinical characteristics and economic burden were assessed using questionnaires. Virological analysis was conducted on vesicular fluid and throat swab samples to identify the VZV genotype. Kaplan–Meier plots and regression models were used to analyse the disease burden. Results: Forty-six patients with HZ were identified (median age: 15.2 years, male-to-female ratio: 1.3). Genotyping revealed only wild-type VZV in all confirmed cases without evidence of vaccine strain reactivation. Vesicular eruptions predominantly involved the thoracic region, with a mean course of 21.2 days, only five patients reported postherpetic neuralgia. No significant differences were observed between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups in terms of clinical outcomes or economic burden. Conclusions: The incidence of HZ in adolescents is low, with mild clinical symptoms. Varicella vaccination is safe for up to 10 years post-vaccination without evidence of vaccine strain-mediated HZ reactivation.

A successful surgery was performed for the first time on a 3-day-old infant weighing 3 kg with congenital myelomeningocele (MMC) in the cervicothoracic region with complete neuromonitoring (IONM) of the upper and lower extremities using MEP, SEEP and EMG modes with 18 pairs of electrode wires in January 2025 at the Al-Zahra Hospital affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The neural tube defect (NTD) repair process lasted for 5 hours and then the infant was transferred to the ICU with desired reactions and discharged from the hospital after 2 days.

A document by Guotai Yao. Click on the document to view its contents.

Rationale Tropical cyclones are critical extreme rainfall events that can temporarily mitigate drought impacts in semi-arid regions. Despite the well-known North Atlantic hurricane season, the propagation of isotopically distinct rainfall pulses across semi-arid landscapes is largely unknown. Methods In June 2024, Tropical Storm (TS) Alberto made landfall in northeastern Mexico. This study evaluates TS Alberto’s monthly and annual rainfall contribution across Tamaulipas and Nuevo León and the isotopic excursions (δ 18O and d-excess) in precipitation and surface water. Rainfall data from 86 stations and high-frequency isotope samples from Ciudad Victoria, Tampico, Chetumal, and the San Marcos river were analyzed. Results Results show that TS Alberto produced unprecedented rainfall, ranging from 0.22 to 11.41 times the 10-year monthly mean, and up to 123% of the annual average in orographically influenced regions. Reservoir data highlight a rapid hydrological recovery, with dam levels in Tamaulipas and Nuevo León increasing significantly within weeks. Rainfall isotopic composition exhibited a broad spectrum (δ 18O: -15.82‰ to -2.80‰), reflecting varying moisture sources, convective activity, and orographic effects. TS Alberto reproduced nearly the entire annual δ 18O variability within a few hours, underscoring the strong isotopic imprint of extreme events. During TS Alberto landfall and passage an inverse trend between δ 18O and precipitation amount was observed. Conclusions The storm’s isotopic signature was traced into surface waters, providing evidence rapid stream response and potentially for aquifer recharge. These findings emphasize the dual hydrological and isotopic role of TCs in modulating water scarcity and improving hydroclimate reconstructions in drought-prone landscapes.

This study explores the effects of seasonal dormancy on the turnover rate and isotopic discrimination factors of carbon (δ 13C) and nitrogen (δ 15N) in the tissues of Salvator merianae, also known as the Tegu lizard. Both adult and juvenile lizards were monitored through various phases, including pre-dormancy, active periods, and arousal from dormancy. The isotopic analysis revealed that plasma has a faster turnover rate compared to red blood cells, with adults exhibiting turnover half-lives of 23 days for δ 13C in plasma, while juveniles showed a broader range due to slower adaptation. Interestingly, the study found that the isotopic discrimination factors varied between the two tissues, with adults displaying greater enrichment of δ 15N in plasma during dormancy arousal, suggesting significant mobilization of endogenous amino acids. Additionally, the results highlight the role of facultative endothermy during reproduction, which appears to accelerate isotopic turnover in both adults and juveniles. Despite minimal body mass loss during dormancy, the metabolic processes involved, such as lipid mobilization and protein catabolism, were crucial in sustaining the lizards. The variability in isotopic discrimination factors observed in this study underscores the complexity of metabolic adaptations in Salvator merianae, particularly in response to prolonged fasting and seasonal dormancy. These findings provide deeper insights into the physiological strategies employed by ectotherms to cope with extreme environmental conditions.

Title Page   Type of Manuscript: Letter to the Editor   Title: Augmenting Intrauterine Monitoring with Artificial Intelligence: A New Era in Fetal SurveillanceAuthors and Affiliations1. Author 1 – Reem MuhammadAffiliation: Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan ORCID: 0009-0003-4803-13752. Author 2 – Hiba Kamran Affiliation: Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, PakistanORCID ID: 0009-0009-1152-90933. Author 3 – Zahra Ali HaqueAffiliation: Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, PakistanORCID: 0009-0002-3146-8282@Corresponding author: Reem Muhammad E-mail: reemmuhammadk@gmail.com Mobile phone: +923325552620Key words: Chorioamnionitis, Intrauterine Monitoring, Neonatal Outcomes, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Uterine ContractilityFunding: NoneMain Manuscript:Dear Dr. Aris Papageorghiou,Chorioamnionitis (CA), or Intra-amniotic infection (IAI), is a significant cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity. In a recent study, Juhantalo et al. found compelling evidence that fetal distress during labours complicated by chorioamnionitis can be reduced by utilizing intrauterine (IT) monitoring compared to external tocodynamometry (ET).1 Building on their finding, we propose a hybrid model that combines intrauterine monitoring with Artificial Intelligence (AI), further enhancing fetal monitoring and diagnostic precision.AI and Machine Learning (ML) have notably improved the diagnosis of complex obstetric conditions such as CA. Fetal inflammatory response, a key marker of CA, can be identified with a balanced accuracy of 0.836 using deep learning models trained on umbilical cord histopathology, which precisely identifies diagnostic regions such as the umbilical arteries.2 Early and accurate detection is vital, as timely intervention can reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal complications, including preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. AI-driven alert systems can detect declining uterine efficiency or early signs of fetal distress earlier than traditional benchmarks, such as those utilized by Juhantalo et al., including Montevideo units (MVU) or contraction frequency. AI integration could enable clinicians to customize oxytocin dosing, initiate timely antibiotic therapy, and make more accurate decisions regarding delivery methods.Furthermore, radiological findings and inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin can be added into AI predictive models to further enhance diagnosis. Intrapartum fever and maternal inflammatory responses, clinical hallmarks of CA can be studied and analyzed using machine learning algorithms via the utilization of electronic health record data and clinical biomarkers.3,4 Latest innovations, like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that analyze histologic slides for fetal inflammatory response syndrome, have showcased high reliability and understanding, offering a nuanced approach towards automation and standardization of CA diagnosis at the tissue level.4These models can detect subtle, small patterns that conventional diagnostic workflows might not detect by consistently analyzing large datasets, hence improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling more personalized patient care.While we commend Juhantalo et al. for their valuable insights, prospective studies should integrate AI-driven systems during labor to evaluate their potential to improve delivery outcomes, neonatal morbidity, and diagnostic accuracy on diverse patient cohorts. Validating AI models on diverse datasets would ensure generalizability and advance perinatal care beyond the capabilities of monitoring modalities alone; however, more research is required to understand its effectiveness and limitations in real-world clinical settings.

π-Extended triphenylene frameworks, representing a privileged class of pericondensed polyarenes, serve as cornerstone structures in modern optoelectronic materials, bioactive molecule design, and supramolecular engineering. Their rigid C3-symmetric topology and delocalized π-surfaces enable unique charge transport characteristics and photonic responses distinct from lower-dimensional analogs like biphenyl or fluorene systems. While classical syntheses employing Friedel-Crafts trimerization or oxidative cyclodehydrogenation face challenges including step inefficiency, stoichiometric waste, and limited functional group tolerance, recent paradigm-shifting advances in transition-metal-catalyzed annulative cross-couplings have unlocked atom-economical routes to these fused polycycles. This review provides a comparative analysis of state-of-the-art catalytic strategies for triphenylene synthesis, with particular focus on palladium/nickel-mediated C-H activation protocols versus radical-based photoredox cascades. Mechanistic divergences between oxidative homocoupling of haloarenes and directing-group-assisted heterocoupling are examined through stereoelectronic arguments, addressing regiochemical control in π-extension processes. Substrate compatibility are critically mapped across metal catalysis, highlighting competing π- versus σ-activation pathways in fused-ring formation. Future directions propose the synergistic integration of machine learning-guided catalyst design, operando XAS/EPR spectroscopy, and electric-field-assisted assembly to transcend current synthetic limitations, ultimately enabling precision engineering of triphenylene-based quantum materials and bioresponsive nanosystems.

Peroxynitrite anion (ONOO -) is a crucial reactive species in pathological and physiological processes, and the elevated levels of ONOO - is concerned with various diseases mechanism. Researches demonstrated its significant contribution to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to elucidate the role of ONOO - in the evolution of AD, herein an activated fluorescent probe A-Hcy-Br was designed initiated the reaction with probe A-Hcy-Br using ONOO -. The probe has extraordinary specificity, sensitivity, and a rapid responsiveness for ONOO -. In addition, due to the excellent mitochondrial targeting ability of probe A-Hcy-Br, it enables effective monitor of brain cells during ONOO - oxidative stress in nerve cells. It is worth noting that A-Hcy-Br displayed well-behaved near-infrared emission and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, encouraging ONOO - expression imaging in the brain. Moreover, the excellent afterglow imaging ability of A-Hcy-Br was successfully used for afterglow imaging in AD mice brain. A-Hcy-Br is further applicable for real-time fluorescence/afterglow monitoring of the therapeutic effect of the AD treatment drug donepezil hydrochloride, providing visual guidance for AD’s drug therapy.

Summary: We present ALMA (Algorithm for Lagrange Multipliers Approximation), an iterative method for selecting tuning parameters in generalized LASSO problems for MRI reconstruction, which is a special case of l 1 -regularized least-square problem. Standardized approaches are often manual or heuristic; ALMA addresses this by approximating adaptatively Lagrange multipliers during reconstruction. On simulated MRI data, ALMA achieved mSSIM ≥ 0.99 and pSNR ≥ 40 dB, showing robust and near-optimal performance. Purpose: To introduce ALMA, a method for adaptatively computing tuning parameters in generalized LASSO problems during MRI reconstruction. Methods: We simulated MRI data using the Shepp-Logan phantom, testing ALMA across 450 reconstructions with varying undersampling (10–20%) and noise levels (3–7%). Image quality was assessed using mSSIM, pSNR, and CJV. Results: ALMA achieved average mSSIM of 0 .9951±0 .0041, pSNR of 42 .24±3 .42 dB, and CJV of 0 .0367±0 .0125, converging in about 7 .2±3 iterations. Conclusion: ALMA offers a reliable, automated alternative to manual tuning, producing high-quality reconstructions and showing promise for in vivo MRI applications.

We develop a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations to model the suppression of the false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) through a combined strategy of sterile insect release and pheromone trapping. The model tracks ten interacting state variables representing host biomass, pest life stages, and control agents. We derive the basic reproduction number R 0 using the next-generation matrix and establish conditions for the existence and local stability of equilibria. Centre manifold analysis reveals a backward bifurcation, implying that eradication requires more than reducing R 0 below unity. Sensitivity analysis identifies the sterile-mating rate and trap capture efficiency as the most influential parameters. An optimal control framework is formulated and solved via Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle, yielding time-dependent release and trap schedules that minimise economic loss. Numerical simulations confirm that the optimal protocol achieves rapid pest collapse and crop recovery at reduced cost compared to constant or periodic controls. The results provide quantitative insights for integrated pest management in perennial crop systems.

This study looks into Zong Baihua’s definition of Chinese artistic conception (yijing), especially in relation to contemporary technological advancements. The growth of media technology raises concerns that the pursuit of innovation may undermine the core of artistic conception, leading to cultural anxiety. This study employs a descriptive analysis approach to investigate the artistic conception of ”Kong” and ”Qi” theory in traditional Chinese painting and the Chinese school of animation, emphasizing the ”Three Distances” and ”mirroring-drifting” theory. We scrutinize particular pieces, such as Shitao’s paintings and the Chinese ink-wash animation ”Feeling from Mountain and Water.” The findings show how traditional Chinese painting and Chinese ink-wash animation convey the concepts of ”Kong” and ”Qi” theory, highlighting the similarities between these two artistic genres. This provides a philosophical foundation in Chinese art, helping artists avoid becoming lost in technology when creating artworks.

Background: Earlier observational researches have shown a relationship between hepatic B virus (HBV) infection and osteoporosis. Nonetheless, it is still uncertain whether these connections are due to direct causation or if they are influenced by other confounding factors. Objectives: To explore whether HBV infection will increase the risk of osteoporosis in East Asian and European population by the way of two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Method: The HBV infection was utilized as the exposure variable and the osteoporosis was outcome variable. The Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of the exposure and outcome variable were sourced from the website of IEU open GWAS project. A two-sample MR method was employed to examine the causal relationships, utilizing the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) as the primary analytical method. The sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of the results from the Mendelian randomization analysis. Result: The result of IVW indicated that patients with HBV infection wouldn’t increase the risk of osteoporosis in East Asian population (OR=1.042, 95%CI: 1.000-1.086, p=0.057) and in European population (OR=0.974, 95%CI: 0.832-1.074, p=0.691). The sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy in this MR analysis. Conclusion: This two-sample MR analysis support that patients with hepatitis B virus infection won’t increase the risk of osteoporosis among East Asian and European population.

Aminated natural polysaccharide materials with unique positive potential hold great applications in superabsorbent, isolation, purification etc. However, their existing preparation methods are also limited by the shortcomings of low grafting number of amino groups, complex preparation processes, high energy consumption. Here we report a one-pot method combining Maillard reaction (Increased amine grafting sites), epoxy-amino addition reaction and condensation crosslinking reaction (Increased conversion rate) for rapid and low-cost preparation of amine-modified crosslinked glucose (AMG) with large grafting amount (N atom.%=18.0%). AMG exhibits unique hydrophilic and tert-butanol-repellent effects, which can be used to break the azeotropic equilibrium of water-tert-butanol and improve the concentration of TBA by 5% through a simple distillation process. Comparative experiments and molecular dynamics simulations have confirmed that this separation performance comes from the different binding forces between AMG and small liquid molecules. In addition, AMG has demonstrated a large and selective adsorption removal capacity for anionic dyes.

Biopharmaceutical manufacturing has been using ultrafiltration (UF) and diafiltration (DF) for buffer exchange, desalting, and formulation of biologics. The legacy UF/DF is commonly a two-step batch process that is challenging to integrate into end-to-end continuous biomanufacturing. Here, we introduce asymmetric dialysis, a novel one-step continuous process that combines UF and DF. It works by utilizing asymmetric flow between the inlet and outlet of the retentate and complementary flow of the dialysate solution, achieving product concentration, buffer exchange, and salt removal using a commercially available hollow fiber device. Asymmetric dialysis can achieve product concentrations of 105 g/L (3.8x), 200 g/L (10x), 64 g/L (9.4x) starting from feed concentrations of 30 g/L, 20 g/L, and 7 g/L, respectively, with modest pressures of 6-7 psi. The interplay between feed and exchange buffer flow rates was exploited to make the process sustainable by reducing buffer consumption by 75% (25 L/kg mAb) compared to conventional batch UF/DF (100 L/kg, mAb). We successfully processed 7 kg of mAb at 20 g/L feed using 5-day asymmetric dialysis with a daily productivity of 0.8 kg/m 2/day to product concentration of 200 g/L. These results demonstrate the potential of asymmetric dialysis a simple, sustainable, and low-cost bioprocessing technology continuous bioprocessing.

Mapping drought avoidance qualitative trait loci (QTLs) in the Bala x Azucena population has revealed a locus on chromosome 7 where the Azucena allele increases leaf rolling but reduces leaf drying. A cluster of four aquaporin genes OsPIP2;1, OsPIP2;4, OsPIP2;5, OsPIP2;9 co-locate with this QTL. The hypothesis that this gene cluster and the QTL are functionally related was tested, assuming that aquaporin would be linked to drought avoidance via an impact on root hydraulic conductance. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that Bala has relatively rare haplotypes for each of these genes that are associated with the aus subgroup of rice, and it shares these with the aus cultivar N22 which was one of the two parents in its breeding. A novel technique for assessing root hydraulic flow using osmotic swelling of roots was developed. When paired near isogenic lines for the QTL were grown in the same pot, allelic variation in root hydraulic flow and conductance was revealed using the osmotic method and a purpose-built two-plant pressure chamber. Notably, the allelic difference in hydraulic flow/conductance was only strongly evident when plants were droughted. RNAi lines with reduced expression of OsPIP2;1 were identified which had a commensurate reduction in root hydraulic flow and conductance. These studies confirm the role of OsPIP2:1 in root hydraulic flow in rice, and highlight the presence of aus-specific allelic variation that appears to impact root hydraulic conductance and drought avoidance in rice.

Soil carbon is crucial for soil fertility and plant growth in agricultural systems that were affected by reclamation from local natural soil and agricultural management measures. To explore the effects of reclamation and agricultural management measures on soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), a 37-year long-term positioning field experiment site in Shenyang Agricultural University of China was applied to investigate the distribution changes of SOC and MBC from topsoil (0-20cm) to subsoil (20-40cm) between local natural soil (LNS) and the cultivated soil with agricultural measures of mulching (F) and fertilization. The results showed, after reclamation, the SOC content in the topsoil in the CK treatment without mulching (NF) decreased by 23.35%. The SOC content in the subsoil with F and NF treatments after reclamation was higher than that in LNS by 19.44% and 12.41%. MBC showed a decreasing trend in the topsoil after cultivation, but significantly increased in the subsoil. F plus high amount pig manure (FM 4) treatment resulted in SOC accumulation in the topsoil approaching the level before reclamation and significantly enriched SOC in subsoil. Under NF conditions, combined application of medium organic and nitrogen fertilizers (M 2N 2) treatment increased MBC by 134.9%. Moreover, SOC and MBC showed a significant positive correlation in LNS, while agricultural measures reduced the corrlation, indicating a significant negative correlation in the subsoil by mulching ( P<0.001). Available potassium and available phosphorus positively regulated SOC accumulation ( P<0.05), while bulk density and the carbon and nitrogen ratio inhibited carbon sequestration in soil. Overall, reclamation and agricultural measures induced the distribution difference of SOC and MBC between top-and subsoil. The soil carbon in the subsoil after reclamation showed a stable growth trend by mulching and high amount organic fertilizer input, which suggested that it is vital to subsoil management on agricultural soil utilization.

Abstract This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the oncologic safety and functional outcomes of extracapsular dissection (ECD) as the primary surgical approach in patients with low-grade malignant parotid tumors. Conducted at a tertiary academic center, the study included 17 patients treated with ECD between 2012 and 2020, all of whom had preoperative benign or non-diagnostic cytology and were followed for at least 60 months. The primary outcome measures included recurrence rate, need for additional surgery or adjuvant therapy, facial nerve preservation, and disease-free survival. With a mean follow-up of 89.7 months, no local or regional recurrence was observed. ECD alone was sufficient in 76.5% of cases; three patients underwent completion superficial parotidectomy due to positive margins, yet no residual tumor was identified. Only two patients (11.8%) required adjuvant therapy due to perineural invasion. All patients maintained normal facial nerve function, and two died from unrelated causes while the remainder remained disease-free. These findings suggest that in carefully selected patients with small, well-circumscribed, low-grade parotid malignancies, ECD may provide oncologic outcomes comparable to more extensive surgery while minimizing surgical morbidity. ECD thus represents a viable definitive treatment option aligned with evolving, risk-adapted approaches to salivary gland cancer management. Keywords:Parotid gland tumor, extracapsular dissection, low-grade malignancy, conservative surgery, facial nerve preservation, salivary gland cancer, oncologic outcomes, functional results

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown The primary goal of this study is to identify an effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Our research was conducted in three phases: 1. Molecular Docking Analysis: We investigated the potential of artemisinin and its derivative to block viral entry by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) using bioinformatics methods. 2. In Vitro Assays: We evaluated the antiviral efficacy of these compounds through SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and cytopathic effect (CPE) assays. 3. Clinical Trials: We assessed the therapeutic impact of Annual SZ®, a combination of artemisinin and its derivative, on COVID-19 patients by monitoring clinical symptoms (PCR test, dyspnea, cough, fever, oxygen saturation levels) and inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP, CBC, IL-6, and IFN-γ). Patients were divided into two groups: one receiving the standard treatment protocol and the other receiving Annual SZ® in addition to standard care. The molecular docking results revealed that artemisinin binds to the RBD of the spike protein (binding energy: -163.805 kJ/mol), while its derivative interacts with nsp8, a cofactor of RNA polymerase, inhibiting viral replication (binding energy: -70 kJ/mol). In vitro assays demonstrated that artemisinin effectively disrupted the spike-ACE2 interaction, and its derivative reduced CPE in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner. Clinical trials showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in disease severity in patients treated with Annual SZ®, including: Reduced symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain Improved oxygen saturation levels (SpO2). Decreased IL-6 levels (p < 0.05) and an increase in IFN-γ levels (p > 0.05) These findings suggest that Annual SZ® has anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, making it a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate its long-term efficacy and safety.

Grassland degradation is a major environmental issue on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (QXP), threatening ecosystem function and carbon storage. Soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover time (τ) – the average residence time of carbon in soil – reflects how quickly soil carbon cycles and is thus a key metric of soil stability. We used extensive field data from alpine grasslands across the QXP to estimate τ and analyze its environmental controls. Our results show that τ varies widely (on the order of decades to centuries) across the plateau. Slower turnover (longer τ) occurred in cooler, wetter sites with higher soil fertility and plant cover, whereas warmer, drier, and heavily grazed areas exhibited faster turnover (shorter τ), indicating destabilized carbon pools. These patterns align with known relationships of τ to climate and soil properties and highlight the impact of degradation (e.g. overgrazing) on carbon dynamics. We propose that SOC turnover time can serve as a diagnostic indicator of grassland degradation or recovery. In practice, mapping τ alongside SOC stocks would improve land degradation assessments and help target restoration (e.g. grazing exclusion, revegetation) where it can most effectively rebuild soil carbon and resilience.

Vibrational excitation of chemical bonds induces nonuniform distortions in the potential energy surface that reflect changes in interatomic interactions. These qualitative changes can be identified and visualized using three complementary methods. The second-difference analysis, tracking successive vibrational energy gaps, applies when all vibrational level energies and the dissociation limit are known. The anharmonicity-inversion method uses a Morse potential and requires only the vibrational energy gaps 0→1 and 1→2, along with the dissociation limit, to reveal anomalous local anharmonicity near the first excited vibrational level by comparing the Morse-predicted bond energy with the true bond energy. Finally, NMR shielding-tensor mapping permits identification of interatomic distances at which the electronic environment undergoes qualitative changes, without requiring prior knowledge of the potential. Applied to the diatomic cations C +–Ng and H +–Ng (Ng = He, Ne, and Ar), all three approaches consistently delineate specific vibrational-state or internuclear distance regions where the character of the interatomic interaction changes noticeably.