In general, the electromechanical impedance-based SHM method uses a piezoelectric transducer as a sensor/actuator to excite/measure the dynamic response of a mechanical structure under investigation in order to find incipient damage. The SHM method requires many samples of impedance signatures to analyze the behavior of the system and draw a diagnostic. This contribution proposes a method to generate new impedance signatures as based on a number of measured signatures. The signature generator operates through the Monte Carlo method. Thus, this approach proposes to drastically reduce the number of measured/recorded samples that are normally used in the impedance-based SHM. This reduction can be as large as 93\%. For this aim, a case study is proposed, namely, an “I” profile structure with four levels of damage (mass addition). Moreover, 33 impedance signatures for each level of damage were measured. Then, the Monte Carlo method was used to generate 400 virtual signatures. Finally, the generated signatures were compared with the experimentally acquired ones in order to measure the error associated with the generated signatures. In conclusion, this contribution presents a method that uses the properties of the impedance signatures to store them and, if necessary, to use these signatures to generate numerical ones, thus reducing the need for storing a large amount of data and lessen the number of experimental impedance signatures acquired over time.

This study offers a general formulation for a class of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) where the performance index is expressed as a function of both control and state variables and the dynamic control system depends on Caputo fractional derivatives. The operational matrices of fractional Riemann-Liouville integration for Bernoulli polynomials and properties of Bernoulli polynomials are utilized to reduce the given optimization problems to the nonlinear programming problem (NLP) by solving of which we can approximate the optimal solution of FOCP. By implementing three metaheuristic approaches called multi-verse optimizer (MVO), moth-flame optimization (MFO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA), the NLP is solved and the best approximation solution of FOCP is obtained. A survey on the superiority and the efficiency between these methods are considered by applying three numerical examples. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the MFO considerably solves these examples. Moreover, the profits and advantages of preference with its precision are demonstrated numerically. Simulation results obviously show that the objective functional value obtained by MFO effectively decreased on three illustrative examples in comparison with MVO and WOA.

The paper investigates a class of exactly solvable third order nonlinear evolution equation [16]. A list of unknown function F(u) is reported for which considered equation contains the nontrivial Lie point symmetries. Moreover, nonlinear self-adjointness is discussed and it is examined that it is not strictly self-adjoint equation for physical parameter A 6= 0 but quasi self-adjoint or more generally nonlinear self-adjoint. Additionally, it is observed that Calogero-Degasperis-Fokas (CDF) equation admits a minimal set of Lie algebra under invariance criteria of Lie groups. These classes are utilized one by one to construct the similarity variables to reduce the dimension of the discussed equation. Additionally, Lie symmetries are used to exhibit the associated conservation laws. Henceforth, Lie symmetry reductions of CDF equation are reported with the help of an optimal system. Meantime, this Lie symmetry method reduces the considered equation into ordinary differential equations. Moreover, well known (G’/G)-expansion method is used to get the exact solutions. The obtained new periodic and solitary wave solutions can be widely used to provide many attractive complex physical phenomena in the different fields of sciences.

We provide in this article an investigation of the globally modied Navier-Stokes problem coupled with the heat equation. After deriving the variational formulation of this problem, we prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solution using the method of Faedo-Galerkin and some compactness results. Next, we propose a time discretization of these equations based on Euler's implicit scheme. We prove the existence of solution with the aid of Brouwer's xed point and study the stability of discrete in time solution by using the energy approach.

The recent pandemic caused by the 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has affected more than 1.3 million people resulting ~75000 deaths across 212 countries/territories as on 7th April 2020. The importation of the cases owing to enormous international travels from the affected countries is the foremost reason for local cycle of transmission. For a country like India, the second most populous country in the world with ~135 billion population, the management and control of 2019-nCoV domestic spread heavily relied on effective screening and strict quarantine of passengers arriving at various international airports in India from affected countries. Here, by extracting the data from FLIRT, an online airline database for more than 800 airlines, and scanning more than 180000 flights and 39.9 million corresponding passenger seats during 4th – 25th March, we show that India experienced the highest risk index of importing the passengers from middle eastern airports. Contrary to perception, travelers from China imposed lowest risk of importing the infected cases in India. This is clearly evident form the fact that while the number of infected cases were on the peak in China India was one of the least affected countries. The number of cases in India started exhibiting a sharp increase in the infected cases only after the European countries and USA recorded large number of infected cases. We further argue that while the number of cases in middle eastern countries may still be very low, the airports in middle eastern countries, particularly Dubai, being one of the largest transit hubs for international passengers, including arriving in India, might have posed a higher risk of getting infected with 2019-nCoV. We suggest that any future travel related disease infection screening at the airports should critically assess the passengers from major transit hubs in addition to affected country of origin.

The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already caused a worldwide pandemic, World Health Organization has raised COVID-19 global risk to very high. We aimed to share the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism taken in Mainland China and evaluate the effectiveness. Data were collected from the daily epidemic reports released by the national and provincial health commissions of China from January 21 to March 26, 2020. Global data were collected from daily situation reports by World Health Organization. Under the first-level public health emergency response, great achievements have been made in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Mainland China. As of March 26, the daily new deaths were less than 50 in nationwide recently. However, it is still a major challenge worldwide. The comprehensive and powerful control measures taken by Mainland China have proved to be effective and might be applicable to other regions.

Background: Alterations of the circadian rhythm negatively impact several aspects of the health, including the lung function. Chronic shiftwork scale classically induces alterations in the circadian rhythm. However, its effects on pulmonary immune response are unknown. Aims: To evaluate the impact of chronic alteration of circadian rhythm on pulmonary function and immune response. Methods: In this context, a 12h x 24h and 12h x 48h work scale in shiftwork scale policemen (n = 25; 38,73±6,92 years old) were compared with fixed work scale (8h/day) civil men (n = 25; 34,00±9,60 years old) who were evaluated for perceived stress, sleepiness, physical activity levels, anthropometric characteristics, sleepiness levels, lung function, pulmonary and systemic cellular and humoral immune response. Results: Policemen presented increased levels of perceived stress (p<0.0008), impaired sleepiness (p<0.04) and lung function as demonstrated by reduced FVC (p<0.053) and FEV1 (p<0.043) when compared to civil men. In addition, increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide (p<0.037) and of IL-2 (p<0.0046) in the breath condensate revealed that policemen presented chronic lung inflammation compared to civil men. Although the whole blood analysis did not showed any differences between the two groups concerning the number of leukocytes, the humoral response revealed that policemen presented increased levels of IL-2 (p<0.002) and lower levels of IL-10 (p<0.001), clearly displaying a clinical status of low grade inflammation. Conclusions: Chronic alteration of circadian rhythm in shiftwork scale policemen results in impaired lung function, beyond to impair pulmonary and systemic immune function.

Background NT-proBNP plasma levels may predict a future cancer diagnosis(CD)in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).In this paper we test whether this could merely represent the detection of increased NT-proBNP levels in subclinical tumors. Methods We studied 962 patients with stable CAD and free of cancer and heart failure at baseline. NT-proBNP, galectin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I(hsTnI),and calcidiol plasma levels were assessed.The primary outcome was new CD. Results After 5.40(2.81-6.94)years of follow-up,59 patients received a CD.We divided the population in three subgroups: those not developing cancer during follow-up (group A;N=903),and those receiving a CD in the first 3 years of follow up(group B; N=30),or later (group C;N=29).At baseline, 3.3% of patients of group B,0.0% in groups C and 12.3% in group A(p=0.036) presented a previous history of heart failure.In group B,NT-proBNP[HR1.036 CI(1.015-1.056)per increase in 100 pg/ml;p=0.001],previous atrial fibrillation[HR3.140 CI(1.196-8.243);p=0.020],and previous heart failure[HR0.067 CI(0.006-0.802);p=0.033]were independent predictors of CD at multivariate analysis.In group C there were not significant predictors of CD. Conclusions In patients with CAD,NT-proBNP is an independent predictor of CD in the first three years of follow-up,but not later,suggesting that it could be detecting subclinical undiagnosed cancers.New studies in large populations are needed to confirm these findings. What is already known about this topic? It has been linked in previous studies that NT-Pro-BNP elevation could be related to future diagnosis of some cancers especially renal tumors. It has also seen that NT-ProBNP is related to mortality in cancer patients.Finally, our group has previously seen that NT-Pro-BNP predicts cancer diagnosis in patients with myocardial infarction. What does this article add? According to our previous investigations this study support the idea that NT-Pro-BNP is a good marker for further cancer diagnosis not only in patients with myocardial infarction but across the spectrum of the whole CAD

Background: Reduced peripheral and respiratory muscle strength correlates with impaired lung function in COPD, but whether diminishement in peripheral and respiratory muscle strength correlates with lung mechanis is unknown. Aims: To investigate whether spirometric and respiratory and peripheral muscle strength correlates with small airways obstruction evaluated by impulse oscillometry. Methods: Nighteen COPD GOLD II and twenty former smokers’ individuals were evaluated for lung function, lung mechanics, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure and hand grip strength test. Results: COPD presented reduced FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (p<0.001) compared to former smokers with no changes in FVC. In COPD the FEV1 and FEV1/FVC showed a negative correlation with BMI (P<0.05, R=-0.56 and -0.43, respectively). The total resistance of respiratory system and small airway resistance were reduced in the COPD compared to former smoke group. The COPD individuals showed a negative moderate correlation between FEV1 and impedance (R=-0,664; P<0.01); airway resistance (R=-0,593, P<0.05) and peripheral airway resistance (R=-0,547, P<0.05). The negative correlation was low in COPD individuals for reactance (R=-0,434, P<0.05) and proximal airway resistance (R=-0,480, P<0.05). These correlations were not found in the former smoke group. Hand grip strength measured in the right arm showed a moderate negative correlation with the maximal inspiratory pressure (R=-0,539, P<0.05) in COPD individuals. There was no correlation between PIMax and PEMax with none of the spirometric or oscillometric parameters (p>0.05) in COPD or former smokers’ individuals. Conclusions: Lung mechanics correlate with spirometric parameters in COPD patients but not with respiratory and peripheral muscle strength.

Aim: High plasma cholesterol levels, mainly LDL is a widely recognized major risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease( CHD). According to the epidemiologic studies findings, people from the Mediterranean countries, have lower CHD rates than other countries, in these countries the usual diet is high in olive oil. The present study compares the effects of cholesterol-enriched diet with or without adding olive oil on serum Lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, and atherosclerosis development. Methods: Twenty Dutch male rabbits were categorized into four groups (one group as Control, and others as Experimental ). They received one of Standard (I), Olive oil rich (II), Cholesterol – rich (III), and Cholesterol + Olive oil (IV) diet for Twelve weeks. Fasting blood samples from the heart were collected at the beginning, and the end of the experimental period. Results: Means of serum lipids were not significantly different at the beginning of the experimental period. After intervention, significant differences were showen in total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglyceride and MDA between groups. The comparison of III and the IV groups showed a higher mean of MDA in group III (P< 0.001). Any aortic lesion was not observed at I and II groups. Aortic lesions in IV group showed a significantly lower degree than group III (p=0.02). Conclusions: These findings showed the preventive effect of olive oil against atherosclerosis development which is independent of plasma lipoprotein effect, and suggested that probably olive oil acts on arteries directly.

Aim: Medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones incudes various drug interventions. For lower ureteric stone which individual drug treatment or combination is best as MET is not known. Aim of this study was to compare efficacy of various drug treatments for distal ureter stones. Methods: Systematic literature search was conducted to include all the randomized study comparing various drug interventions for lower ureter stones. Standard Preferred reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis for network meta-analysis (PRISMA-NMA) were pursued. RESULTS: In this review, 50 randomized studies with 12,382 patients were included. For stone expulsion rate (SER), compared to placebo all the treatment groups were more effective except nifedipine and sildenafil. According to the SUCRA values obtained naftopidil plus steroid was the highest rank and nifedipine lowest. For stone expulsion time (SET), compared to placebo only tadalafil plus silodosin, nifedipineplus steroid,alfuzosin,silodosin, tadalafil and tamsulosin were more effective. SUCRA values were highest for tadalafil plus silodosin and least for naftopidil plus steroid. From subgroup analysis with individual drugs for SER, SUCRA values were highest for naftopidil followed by silodosin and SET was highest for silodosin and least for naftopidil. Conlcusion: For lower ureter stone, tadalafil plus silodosin is the best combination and silodosin best individual drug considering the SET and SER. Nifedipine as montherapy is no more effective than control group.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and currently in patients with CML in chronic phase (CML-CP) the first-line treatment is based on BCR-ABL targeted therapy with TKIs [1]. Although generally well tolerated, all BCR-ABL TKIs can be associated with hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities [2]. Most of the patients with CML-CP continue receiving TKIs, unless there is lack of optimal response and/or serious toxicities.

This case series study was performed on 19 patients with facial papule The patients were treated with oral isotretinoin 20 mg for 6 months. Oral isotertinoin was an effective and safe treatment in patients with facial LPP. There were some patients with only facial involvement without FFA or scalp LPP

Background: An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 known as COVID-19) has led to more than 10,000 confirmed cases as of April 3rd 2020. Understanding the early spread dynamics of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial for assessing the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new areas. Combining a mathematical model of severe COVID-19 spread with four datasets from within and outside Wuhan, China; we estimated how to spread in Wuhan varied between January and February 2020. We used these estimates to assess the potential for sustained human-to-human spread to occur in locations outside Wuhan if diseases holders were introduced. Methodology: We united SEIR frame work model with data on cases of COVID-19 in China and International cases that originated in Wuhan to estimate how spread had varied over time during January and February 2020. Based on these estimates, we calculated the probability that freshly introduced cases might produce outbreaks in other regions. Results: We calculated approximately the median day by day basic reproduction number ( ) in Wuhan, refused from 2•45 (95% CI: 1•16–4•87) 1 week before travel restrictions were introduced on Jan 23rd, 2020, to 1.05 (0•42–2•40) one week after. Based on our estimates of , presumptuous SARS approximating disparity, we computed that in locations with similar spread potential to Wuhan in near the beginning January, some time ago there are at least four independently set up cases, there is a more than fifty percent chance the infection will found within that inhabitants. Conclusions: COVID-19 spreading probably refused in Wuhan during delayed January, 2020, corresponding with the prologue of voyage control channels. As more cases arrive in international locations with similar spread potential to Wuhan before these organize measures, it is likely many chains of spread will fail to create initially, but might lead to innovative outbreaks ultimately.

The authors provide an overview of a client/server/compute model of computational chemistry and the associated data, visualization, and reproducibility benefits this brings. The paper offers a discussion of all layers involved from computing and web servers to a demonstration of the diversity in front-ends such as a website and Jupyter notebook that the backend web server can provide. The paper should be after revisions for additional citations and to make it more friendly to readers not familiar with web stacks.Please anonymize my review.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), along with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are three emerging coronaviruses with huge public health in the 21st century. Especially, SARS-CoV-2 causes an unprecedented global pandemic and has spread in over than 200 countries. Clinically, SARS-CoV-2 could co-infected with respiratory pathogens including influenza virus and adenovirus in some present cases. This suggests that the differential diagnosis cannot be ignored. To investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 exists earlier and identify possible co-infection in human with respiratory disease, we performed the detections of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus using real-time RT-PCR method and colloidal gold test strip in 534 throat swab samples collected in influenza epidemic season (from January to May of 2019). 336 samples (62.9%) were tested positive for influenza virus, which involved into 230 single influenza A virus (IAV)-positive samples, 4 single influenza B virus (IBV)-positive samples, and 102 IAV and IBV co-infection samples. Unfortunately, we found no positive signal of SARS-CoV-2 in 534 samples. Our finding reveals absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human archived samples in before the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in China. In addition, this study suggests that IAV was still major respiratory pathogen responsible for respiratory disease in the influenza season.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the environment has becoming a hot issue worldwide, as it has posed a great risk to human health through food chain. Cd accumulation in the edible parts of crops are involved in four processes: uptake, translocation, sequestration and (re)distribution, which are all controlled by membrane transporters. In this review, the advance in studies on physiological and molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in plants was summarized, and then the functional evolution was discussed based on oneKP database. Cd accumulation in plants is a derived and polyphyletic trait that has evolved convergently by several times. During their evolution, the membrane transporter families, such as NRAMPs, HMAs, ABCCs, ZIPs, CDFs, CAXs and OPTs, have undergone the lineage specific expansion due to gene duplication. The orthologues of OsHMA2 in higher plants are stepwisely evolved from monophyletic evolutionary lineage with one common ancestor; whereas the orthologues of OsNRAMP5 from a polyphyletic evolutionary lineage with several ancestors. In addition, phylogenetic clusters of the orthologues of OsNRAMP5 have occurred rampant intermixing, suggesting horizontal gene transfer. It may be concluded that evolution of Cd accumulation in plants could provide an adaptive advantage for colonization of plants to the new habitats like metalliferous soil.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a genetic disorder of connective tissue leading to bone fragility. Diagnosis of this condition can be considered during pregnancy, at birth or during childhood. Early onset forms are severe with high mortality rate. We report two cases during neonatal period in Cameroon.

Methods This prospective observational study included 44 patients who underwent isolated ASD closures in the department of cardiac surgery at the National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute (NHFH & RI) from July 2014 to June 2016. After fulfilling the enrolment criteria, participants were divided into two groups.

A 66-year-old male referred to our hospital with dyspnea and bilateral lower-extremity edema. Chest radiography (CXR) showed pleural effusions and cardiomegaly. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed large pericardial effusion with a heterogeneous hyperechoic mass in the right ventricular pericardial wall. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma. Primary pericardial mesothelioma is an extremely rare and poorly diagnosed malignancy with a historically poor prognosis. Thus, a timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the management of primary pericardial mesothelioma.

We present a case of non-leukemic (lymphomatous) variant of HTLV-1 associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in a young woman. Tumor demonstrated strong and diffuse CD30 and PD-1 expression which is very unusual finding in this entity. Very good clinical response was obtained with brentuximab-containing treatment regimen.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the effects of polymorphisms in nuclear factor of activated T cells C2 (NFATC2), a TNF-α transcription factor, on remission in RA patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors. Methods: This prospective observational study was performed in two centers. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated, and haplotype analyses were performed. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms and remission of RA. Results: This study included 88 patients, among whom 26 had remission of RA. We identified a haplotype, H2 (CCT), which carried 3 NFATC2 SNPs (rs1052649, rs1569736, and rs763944) and showed a significant relationship with remission. After adjusting for covariates, H2 carriers exhibited approximately 2.86-fold higher rates of remission than others (p=0.049). In subgroup analysis with patients with the TT genotype of rs1799964 of TNF-α, patients with the CC genotype in NFATC2 rs763944 showed an approximately 4.1-fold lower remission rate than T-allele carriers (p = 0.028), after adjusting for related covariates. In another subgroup analysis among patients with the GG genotype of TNF-α rs361525, patients with the CC genotype in NFATC2 rs763944 showed an approximately 3.2-fold lower remission rate than T-allele carriers (p = 0.04) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: This study suggested an association between NFATC2 polymorphisms and remission in RA patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors.

The one dimensional time-dependant heat transfer equation in a vertical direction is introduced in terms of general formula of density and thermal conductivity. One-parameter Lie symmetry group transformation is used to determine the suitable forms of density and thermal conductivity of the water based on experimental measurements. The general equation is investigated again using Lie group analysis after substitution by the two possible cases of water density and thermal conductivity from the first part. The obtained partial differential equation is solved numerically using explicit 4th and 5th Runge-Kutta formula or analytically if it is possible by assuming the physical parameters of Lake Tahoe in the Sierra Nevada of the United States. The temperature distribution across the lake depth from each case is illustrated graphically to indicate the thermal stratification phenomenon of lakes.

The solutions of a number of well known boundary value problems of complex analysis (for instance, the Riemann boundary value problem) can be found in the form of curvilinear integrals over the boundaries of domains under consideration. In this connection the classical results on that problems concern domains with rectifiable boundaries only. On the other hand, the boundary value problems themselves keep their sense for non-rectifiable boundaries. This is the reason for recent development of theory of generalized integration over non-rectifiable plane Jordan curves and arcs. The existence of that generalized integrations over non-rectifiable arcs depends on certain geometry properties of the arcs in neighborhoods of their ends. Here we consider connections of generalized integration and so called torsions of the path of integration at its end points.