Understanding the genetic basis in animals possessing toxin could provide us significant insights into the adaptive evolution in toxin resistance. The reason of toxin resistance may refer to the mutation in sodium channels or the toxin-binding proteins. Sea snail Nassarius can accumulate tetrodotoxin (TTX) in their body and has caused serious people poisoning and death incident. However, the genetic basis of Nassarius including genetic expression and mutation has not been researched yet. Here we investigated the genetic basis from two Nassarius species (Nassarius succinctus and Nassarius variciferus) for TTX resistance with transcriptome. The genetic express pattern for both species was clearly revealed. The cellular and metabolic process, and binding and catalytic activity accounted for the top classification categories. The toxic samples generally produced more up-regulated genes than non-toxic samples. Some genes which possibly produce TTX-binding proteins were flagged. One sodium channel gene was identified from N. succinctus where one mutation cite was found as being different from all other animals included. The genetic basis of Nassarius revealed in this study would contribute to the further TTX-resistance mechanism research.

Extensive range loss for the Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) has occurred in areas of intrusion by the Blue-winged Warbler (V. cyanoptera) potentially related to their close genetic relationship. We compiled data on social pairing from nine studies for 2,679 resident Vermivora to assess evolutionary divergence. Hybridization between pure phenotypes occurred with 1.2% of resident males for sympatric populations. Pairing success rates for Golden-winged Warblers was 83% and for Blue-winged Warblers was 77%. Pairing success for the hybrid Brewster’s Warbler was significantly lower from both species at 54%, showing sexual selection against hybrids. Backcross frequencies for Golden-winged Warblers at 4.9% was significantly higher than for Blue-winged Warblers at 1.7%. More frequent backcrossing by Golden-winged Warblers, which produces hybrid phenotypes, may contribute to the replacement of Golden-winged by Blue-winged Warblers. Reproductive isolation due to behavioral isolation plus sexual selection against hybrids was 0.966. Our analyses suggest that plumage differences are the main driving force for this strong isolation with reduced hybrid fitness contributing to a lesser degree. The major impact of plumage differences to reproductive isolation is compatible with genomic analyses (Toews et al. 2016), which showed the largest genetic difference between these phenotypes occurred with plumage genes. These phenotypes have maintained morphological, behavioral, and ecological differences during two centuries of hybridization. Our estimate of reproductive isolation supports recognition of these phenotypes as two species. The decline and extirpation of the Golden-winged Warbler in almost all areas of recent sympatry suggest that continued coexistence of both species will require eco-geographic isolation.

Fungal endocarditis/aortitis is an uncommon yet emerging entity accounting for 2% to 4% of all cases of infective endocarditis and continues to be associated with a poor prognosis. We present here the first case of polyethylene-terephthalate (PETE) graft aortitis caused by A. Niger, a rare fungal agent responsible for the Aspergillus aortitis. Early diagnosis with frequent transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and a prompt surgical intervention coupled with optimal antifungal therapy are still the only option to reduce the exceedingly high mortality and morbidity.

Stress cardiomyopathy (SC) is a syndrome characterized by transient regional systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV), in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. The diagnosis of SC represents a challenge as it is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion. We report the case of a 21-year-old man who sustained mid-ventricular (MV) SC after a seizure. Our case represents a combination of a predisposing acute neuronal injury in a man that led to the development of an MV SC variant, where cardiac MRI played an essential role in the diagnosis.

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported globally pandemic, dentistry is known as one of the most critical disciplines. Teledentistry as a sub branch of telemedicine which can be a useful modality is defined by using any telecommunication technology facility, including digital photo and video to deliver oral care to isolated patients in distant places by low cost(1). Although teledentistry has been introduced as a valid tool to prevent unnecessary referrals, policy makers have not shown much interest on it yet (2,3).Diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring could be performed, meanwhile research and continuing education or public education could be done via teledentistry. In COVID-19 pandemic, teledentistry can prevent human and non-human resources burden. Oral chronic diseases like vesiculobullous and painful conditions are so dreadful and exhausting needing more care. Pediatric patients and those who are suffering from cancer are no more exceptions to this point. Tablets, smart phones, and all types of electronic gadgets can facilitate virtual communication which is helpful in telehealth.Traditional visual examination is a gold standard, in order to reach a better diagnosis and treatment plan. In teledentistry, intra oral or other high quality cameras can provide essential documents. There are so many investigations to compare visual and virtual examination, which showed only some problems in diagnosing interproximal carious lesions which is solved by digital radiography (3).Teledentistry examinations are valid, feasible, and comparable to visual examination for oral screening. Data storage is another crucial part in teledentistry due to privacy policies (2,3).Pediatric dentistry, oral medicine, orthodontics, and periodontics are the most common disciplines that have studied the efficacy of teledentistry rather than effectiveness. In developing countries, where emergency care is more important than preventive care, conservatism of decision makers, lack of resources and ICT infrastructure are the most common problems in providing teledentistry (4).Meanwhile there is a hidden advantage for teledentistry and telemedicine that it can avoid feelings of isolation and stress for patients; so, it can be more useful during COVID-19 quarantine (5).Teledentistry performs in two ways; asynchronous by transmission intraoral or extraoral images that are not used in real time; also, known as the store and forward method, synchronous by use of real-time interactive technologies, such as video or photoconferencing, and mobile health care services via smartphone apps and text messages.All the process should be recorded in patients file for further information. Accurate triage is another prominent advantage of teledentistry, which is so important during COVID-19.For people in need of care like geriatrics or patients with special needs telemedicine can eliminate some barriers (6).Besides to teledentirstry’s advantages, especially in a situation like a pandemic infection even with very primary facilities teledentistry can be performed and be useful for triage. By introducing dentistry as a very dangerous discipline, teledentistry can play a very specific role to solve the majority of patients’ problems as a helpful facility in this crisis and may be it can also persuade policy makers to perform teledentistry in a vast program.

This paper is concerned with the bounded fractal and Hausdorff dimension of the pullback attractors for 2D non-autonomous incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with constant delay terms. Using the construction of trace formula with two bases for phase spaces of product flow, the upper boundedness of fractal dimension has been achieved.

We study the dependence of the eigenvalues of time-harmonic Maxwell's equations in a cavity upon variation of its shape. The analysis concerns all eigenvalues both simple and multiple. We provide analyticity results for the dependence of the elementary symmetric functions of the eigenvalues splitting a multiple eigenvalue, as well as a Rellich-Nagy-type result describing the corresponding bifurcation phenomenon. We also address an isoperimetric problem and characterize the critical cavities for the symmetric functions of the eigenvalues subject to isovolumetric or isoperimetric domain perturbations and prove that balls are critical. We include known formulas for the eigenpairs in a ball and calculate the first one.

In this paper, an inverse time-fractional Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger problem of potential-free field is studied. This problem is ill-posed, i.e, the solution (if it exists) does not depend continuously on the data. Based on an a priori bound condition, the optimal error bound analysis is given. Moreover, a modified kernel method is introduced. The convergence error estimate obtained by this method under the priori regularization parameter selection rule is optimal, and the convergence error estimate obtained under the posteriori regularization parameter selection rule is order-optimal. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and stability of this method.

This paper attempts to focus on the split common fixed point problem for demicontractive mappings. We give an accelerated hybrid projection algorithm which combines the hybrid projection method and the inertial technique. The strong convergence theorems of this algorithm are obtained under mild conditions by a self-adaptive step-size sequence, which does not need prior knowledge of operator norms. Some numerical experiments in infinite Hilbert space are provided to illustrate the reliability and robustness of the algorithm and also to compare it with existing ones.

A document by Aounallah Radhouane. Click on the document to view its contents.

We show that the inverse function of the scale factor a(t) can be represented as an elliptic integral with a parameter. Using algebraic dependencies between cosmological parameters and the obtained inverse function formula, we compute in a uniform way some special events in the universe’s evolution.

We consider a two-dimensional system which is a mathematical model for a temporal evolution of a well-stirred isothermal reaction system. We give sufficient conditions for the existence of purely imaginary eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the system at its fixed points. Moreover, we show that the system admits a supercritical Hopf bifurcation.

A document by Ozlem Ersoy Hepson. Click on the document to view its contents.

An efficient multiscale-like multigrid (MSLMG) method is presented to solve the two-dimensional (2D) convection-diffusion equations on nonuniform grids, based on the transformation-free high order compact (HOC) difference scheme. By providing appropriate initial solutions, the discretization systems on the two finest grids are solved to obtain the MSLMG solutions with discretization-level accuracy by performing few multigrid cycles, which implemented with alternating line Gauss-Seidel smoother, interpolation and restriction on nonuniform grids. Numerical experiments of two boundary layer and local singularity problems are conducted to demonstrate the proposed algorithm is efficient and effective to decrease the computational cost.

In this article, we study the regularity properties of the solutions to the quasi-linear elliptic partial differential equations under different types of conditions on their coefficients. We obtain that the function is a weak solution to the equation (12) under the form-boundary conditions .

We study the persistence , boundedness and unboundedness , existence and uniqueness of positive equilibrium point, local and global asymptotic stability, and rate of convergence of a system of exponential form difference equations

Discrete double-layer potentials are powerful tools to describe the solution of discrete Dirichlet problems for the Laplace equation. In discrete potential theory there are already theorems known, regarding the existence and uniqueness of the solution of Dirichlet problems. The results on the solution of these finite difference Dirichlet problems are based on the single-layer potential. In this paper we extend the theory by using double-layer potentials.

Crank-Nicholson difference scheme for the system of nonlinear parabolic equations observing epidemic models with general nonlinear incidence rate is investigated. The theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a bounded solution of Crank- Nicholson difference scheme uniformly with respect to time step is established. Applications of the theoretical results are presented for the four systems of one and multidimensio

An convenient numerical method for singularly perturbed problem with integral boundary conditions is proposed by using finite difference method. Firstly, the evaluations of the exact solution are given. Then difference scheme is constructed in Shishkin mesh. Finally, the convergence analysis of this method is done and obtained first order uniformly convergence with respect to perturbation parameter in discrete maximum norm. Numerical results are presented in support of the proposed method.

\par We formulated a generic S-I-R-S (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible) epidemic model of cholera that incorporate three key features: an Allee Effect on bacteria dynamic, the loss of immunity of recovered individuals and infection force to cholera regulated by the contact and logistic dose-reponse of bacteria. These assumptions are built into a simple model which yields surprisingly rich dynamics. Having three different disease-free equilibriums $\mathsf{Q_{0}}$, $\mathsf{Q_{\rho}}$ and $\mathsf{Q_{\theta}}$, the dynamic of the model is essentially characterized by a threshold quantity $\mathcal R^{0}_{0}$ which represents the basic reproduction number of the disease-free equilibrium $\mathsf{Q_{0}}$. The model supports the possibility of bi-stability, backward bifurcation and forward bifurcation. The sensibility analysis of the model and theoretical results supported by numerical simulations suggest that an efficient control strategy would be to increase the value of $\theta$ (Allee threshold bacterial population) which is equivalent to increasing unfavorable conditions for bacteria growth. These conditions are generally: regular environmental consolidation measures, compliance with hygiene rules and unfavorable climatic factors.

The basic reproduction number of an infectious agent is the average number of infections one case can generate over the course of the infectious period, in a naive, uninfected population. This primer article focuses on the basic reproduction number, R0, for infectious diseases, and other reproduction numbers related to $R_0$ that are useful in guiding control strategies. Beginning with a simple population model, the concept is developed for a threshold value of R0 determining whether or not the disease dies out. The next generation matrix method of calculating R0 in a compartmental model is described and illustrated. To address control strategies reproduction numbers are defined and these theoretical ideas are then applied to models that are formulated for different SI, SI with incubation delay, SIR, SEIR and SEQIR the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection model , the reproduction number has been found to vary, reflecting the dynamics of transmission of the coronavirus outbreak as well as the case reporting rate. If $R_0 > 1,$ then the number of latently infected individuals exponentially grows. However, if $R_0 < 1$ (e.g. due to quarantine measures and contact restrictions imposed by public authorities), then the number of infected decays exponentially. We then consider the available data on the disease development in different countries to show that there are three possible patterns: growth dynamics, growth- decays dynamics, and patchy dynamics. During this period of time, the growth rate of the total number of infected was gradually decreasing.

Objective: Trabeculation shows highly various presentations while noncompaction (NC) is a specific disease entity based on arithmetically wall thickness. We aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of trabeculation and its relevance to outcomes. Methods: total of 296 patients (age 63 ± 12 years; 64% men) with trabeculation who underwent echocardiography were retrospectively identified between January 2011 and December 2012. Analyses were conducted on distinguished trabeculation which was divided into noncompaction (NC) (maximum noncompacted/compacted ratio ≥ 2.0) or hypertrabeculation (HT) (ratio < 2.0). We evaluated features of trabeculation and explored cardiovascular (CV) outcome events (coronary revascularization, hospitalization for worsening heart failure (HF), stroke, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and CV death). Results: Over a mean of 4.2 years, CV outcome events occurred in 122 (41%) patients who were older and had a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus, HF, stroke, and implantation of ICD. The frequencies of NC or HT, the trabeculation ratio, and its manifestation were similar among patients with and without events. NC/HT with concomitant apical hypocontractility and worsening systolic function were univariable predictors of adverse events. On multivariable analysis, concomitant apical hypocontractility on NC/HT still remained significant (HR 15.8, 95% CI 3.8-39.4, p < 0.001), together with old age, HF, and increased E/e’ ratio. Conclusions: NC/HT with concomitant apical hypocontractility provided clues about the current medical illness and aided in risk-stratification.

Primary cardiac lymphoma is an extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma exclusively located in the heart and/or pericardium, rare in immunocompetent patients, and more frequent in immunocompromised patients. We present 3 cases of primary cardiac lymphoma in immunocompetent patients and review other cases reported in the literature. Two patients were adults and third patient a child. Two patients presented with pericardial tamponade and third case with CHB. Initial diagnosis of tumor was made in all cases by transthoracic echocardiography. Primary cardiac lymphoma arose in right heart chambers in all cases. Histological diagnosis was diffuse T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in child and diffuse large B cell lymphoma in adult cases. All three cases received chemotherapy, combined with radiotherapy in one patient. Of our patients, 2 are alive one (child)is asymptomatic ,I adult female died after 3rd chemo cycle and 1 adult male had relapse after 6 months of diagnosis. In conclusion, diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma is difficult due to non-specific clinical manifestations and should be considered in patients with a cardiac mass and pericardial effusion. It is confirmed using transthoracic echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging and certified using cytology or open biopsy. Although prognosis remains poor timely provided chemotherapy may be effective.

Introduction: Chagas disease is one of the main diseases in Latin America and heart involvement is its main characteristics, and the main cause of death. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is any parameter of Doppler Tissue Imaging (DTI) which can be used as a predictor for later events in chronic Chagas disease. Methods: we analyses DTI variables of 543 patients with chronic Chagas disease for the evaluation of predicting factors of events. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were considered as stroke, heart failure resistant to treatment, sustained ventricular tachycardia, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, sudden death, and cardiovascular death. The following findings were also included in total evens: heart failure, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmia, new conduction system abnormalities and new echocardiographic abnormalities. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was used in order to assess the Doppler and DTI parameters predicting events. Variables with a p-value ≤ 0.10 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. Results: In patients with chronic Chagas disease, the analysis of DTI parameters showed that S’ wave and E’ wave of the lateral wall of the left ventricle were significant predictors of MACE (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71-0.96; p value: 0.015 and OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66-0.98; p value: 0.031, respectively). Conclusions: This study found that patients with chronic Chagas disease who had events showed significantly lower parameters in the DTI. What is more, this study showed that even lower DTI parameters are significant predictors of events.