Recent studies have demonstrated the great advantages of marine reserves in solving bycatch problems by maintaining the persistence of endangered species without sacrificing the fisheries yields of target species. However, transient phenomena rather than equilibrium states of population dynamics still require further research. Here, with a simple and general model, the transient dynamics of strong stock fish species are investigated under the condition of weak stock persistence. A surprising and counter-intuitive finding is that fisheries yields can strongly fluctuate even if population density both inside and outside marine reserve only slightly varies, leading to transient inconsistency between the population densities and fisheries yields. This finding suggests that population density dynamics cannot be used to predict the transient phenomena of fisheries yields (or vice versa) in fisheries management. These results will deepen our understanding of the transient phenomenon in marine ecology.

We report a case of COVID-19 with only atypical CT findings; tree-in-bud appearance and centri-lobular nodules. Some COVID-19 cases show only atypical CT findings. Physicians should make comprehensive judgements.

Background: Recently, there has been a global demand toward finding new treatments to control the new pandemic of coronavirus (COVID-19). The aim of this systematic review was to study the effects of ozone therapy on COVID-19 patients, as well as reviewing the available supporting evidence. Methods: Electronic databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and TRIP, as well as clinical trial registries and preprint sources were searched for published evidence-based articles. In addition, a hand searching was conducted regarding the attained articles published until 6 April 2020 using MeSH and free text keywords with no language limitation. Articles were screened, categorized and extracted for the relative data, which are reported in a descriptive manner. Results: Among 234 articles, 9 were selected to be reviewed for the inclusion criteria. No previously published original articles were found on the efficacy of ozone therapy on COVID-19. Five review studies on the potential role of systemic ozone therapy were found, in which it was concluded that ozone therapy is effective in controlling COVID-19 due to its antiviral, oxygenating, anti-inflammatory, oxidation balancing and immunomodulation effects. Three ongoing clinical trials were registered in China. Moreover, a preliminary report of an ongoing study in Italy on 46 patients (11 intubated and 35 non-intubated) indicated that 39 patients (84%) showed an improvement for the symptoms of the disease. Conclusion: Despite the promising hypothetical background, opinions of the expert arguing about the benefits of this method, and a preliminary report indicating the effectiveness of ozone therapy as a novel treatment option for COVID-19, there is still not enough evidence to prove it.

Accumulation of β-carotene in Dunaliella salina is highly dependent on light exposure intensity and duration, but quantitative analysis on photon numbers per cell for triggering β-carotene accumulation is not available so far. In this study, experiment results showed that significant β-carotene accumulation occurred with at least 8 hours illumination at 400 µmol photons·m-2·s-1. To quantifying the average number of photons received per cell (APRPC), correlation between light attenuation with light path, biomass concentration, and β-carotene content was built with both Lambert-Beer and Cornet models, and the latter provided a better simulation. With Cornet model, APRPC was calculated and proposed as a parameter for β-carotene accumulation. It was found that once APRPC reached 0.7 µmol photons cell-1, β-carotene accumulation was triggered, and it was saturated at 9.9 µmol photons cell-1. This study showed that APRPC can be used as an important parameter in D. salina cultivation process, to accurately simulate and control β-carotene production.

Tracheostomy procedures have a high risk of aerosol generation. Airway providers have reflected on ways to mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks when approaching a surgical airway. To standardize institutional safety measures with tracheostomy, we advocate using a dedicated tracheostomy time-out applicable to all patients including those suspected of having COVID-19. The aim of the tracheostomy time-out is to reduce preventable errors that may increase the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Coronavirus disease 2019 has undoubtedly impacted the healthcare system while causing lasting and profound implications for medical education. Senior medical students seeking exposure to the field of otolaryngology now find themselves in the challenging position of obtaining the experiences to make an informed decision on a future specialty. Virtual electives using comprehensive online material, discussion, and videos as well as the advent of telemedicine may be potential solutions to increase exposure to otolaryngology. While incorporating opportunities for authentic patient interactions is still a challenge, it is crucial that the academic otolaryngology community prioritize seeking solutions for interested medical students

Gupta, Anand1,#; Arora, Vipin2; Nair, Deepa3; Agrawal,Nishant4; Su, Yu-xiong5; Holsinger, Christopher F. 6; Chan, Jason7,#1  Department of Dentistry (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India. 2 Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.3 Department Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, HBNI University, Mumbai, India.4 Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.5 Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry,The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.6 Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.7 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.  Keywords: Strategies for management; head and neck cancer; COVID-19; pandemic; Indian Scenario.Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.Funding: No funding received. Corresponding Authors:Anand GuptaAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Dentistry (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH)Sector 32 B, Chandigarh, INDIA Pin code- 160030Telephone no. +91-9810720642E mail- dranandkgmc2@gmail.com Jason YK ChanAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.Pin code-Telephone no. +85-235053288Email :jasonchan@ent.cuhk.edu.hk

Background:  The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concern of transmission of infectious organisms through aerosols formation in endonasal and transoral surgery.Methods: Retrospective review. We introduce the Negative-Pressure Otolaryngology Viral Isolation Drape (NOVID) system to reduce the risk of aerosol. NOVID consists of a plastic drape suspended above the patient’s head and surgical field with a smoke evacuator suction placed inside the chamber.Results:  Four patients underwent endonasal (4) and endo-oral surgery (1). Fluorescein was applied to the surgical field. Black light examination of fluorescein treated operative fields revealed minimal contamination distant to the surgical field. In two prolonged cases with high-speed drilling, droplets were identified under the barrier and on the tip of the smoke evacuator. Instruments and cottonoids appeared to be a greater contributor to field contamination.Conclusions: Negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier which appears to successfully keep aerosol and droplet contamination to a minimum.

Background: Otolaryngologists represent a subset of healthcare workers uniquely vulnerable to COVID-19 transmission. Given the segmentation of extant guidelines concerning precautions and protective equipment for SARS-CoV2, we aimed to provide consolidated recommendations regarding appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in head neck surgery during the COVID-19 era.Methods: Guidelines published by international and United States governing bodies were reviewed in conjunction with published literature concerning COVID-19 transmission risk, testing, and PPE, to compile situation-specific recommendations for head and neck providers managing COVID-19 patients.Results: High-quality data regarding the aerosolization potential of head and neck instrumentation and appropriate PPE during head and neck surgeries are lacking. However, extrapolation of recommendations by governing bodies suggest strongly that head and neck mucosal instrumentation warrants strict adherence to airborne-level precautions.Conclusion: We present a series of situation-specific recommendations for PPE use and other procedural precautions for otolaryngology providers to consider in the COVID-19 era.

Background: The United States now has the highest death toll due to COVID-19. Many otolaryngology procedures, including laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy, place otolaryngologists at increased risk of coronavirus transmission due to close contact with respiratory droplets and aerosolization from the procedure. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of guidelines on how to perform these procedures during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Literature review was performed. Articles citing laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy use in regards to COVID-19 were included.Results: Laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy are all used in both emergent and elective situations. Understanding the risk stratification of cases and the varied necessity of personal protective equipment is important in protecting patients and healthcare workers.  Conclusions: Summary guidelines based on the literature available at this time is presented in order to decrease transmission of the virus and protect those involved.

To date, no epidemiological studies have evaluated bovine abortion in the UAE. Therefore, the present study evaluated the serostatus of five abortigenic agents in a dairy cattle herd from Al Ain region, UAE. Additionally, the association of abortion history with Coxiella burnetii seropositivity was also evaluated. Indirect ELISA screened 350 sera from dairy cattle for C. burnetii, Leptospira Hardjo, Neospora caninum, and Brucella abortus antibodies while a sandwich ELISA tested the samples for bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antigen. The serological data were summarized by descriptive statistics and the Z test of two proportions applied to assess the statistical significance between the proportions of C. burnetii-seropositive cattle with and without abortion history. Of the 350 cattle, 41.4%, 1.7%, 1.4%, 0.3%, and 0.0% were seropositive to C. burnetii, L. Hardjo, N. caninum, BVDV, and B. abortus respectively. Furthermore, of the 105 cattle with history of abortion, 61.9%, 2.9%, 1.0%, 0.0%, and 0.0% were seropositive to these pathogens respectively. Conversely, of the 245 seropositive cattle with no history of abortion 32.7%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 0.0% and 0.0% were seropositive to these pathogens respectively. Further still, the z-test showed the proportion of C. burnetii seropositive cattle with a history of abortion to be significantly higher than the C. burnetii seropositive animals without abortion history with a difference between the proportions of 29.3% [p-value < 0.01; 95% CI: 18.2% to 40.2%]. Compared to the other four pathogens, the C. burnetii infection level in the dairy herd was relatively higher. As C. burnetii is abortigenic, it may have causally contributed to reproductive failure in the cattle herd. Additional epidemiological studies are needed to further elucidate the abortigenic significance of C. burnetii and the other four pathogens in the national dairy cattle herd. Besides, the public health implications of C. burnetii and Leptospira need to be evaluated.

This work aims to investigate the anisotropic fracture and energy dissipation characteristics of marbles cored along an angle of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° with respect to interbed planes, subjected to multi-level cyclic loading conditions. Rock fatigue deformation, strength, lifetime and dissipated energy first decreases and then increases with increasing interbed orientation, they get to the minimum for sample having 30° interbed orientation. Rock stiffness degradation is significant with the increase of cyclic level and the stiffness evolution is affected by interbed structure. The incremental rate of dissipated energy becomes faster with increase of cyclic loading level and it presents an abrupt increasing trend at the last cyclic loading level. A damage evolution model was first established based on the dissipated energy to describe the two-phase damage accumulation characteristics. It suggests that the proposed model fits well to the testing data and favorably represents the non-linear characteristics of damage accumulation.

With the arrival of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) in the U.S., care practice paradigms have drastically changed. Data from China suggests the new virus poses additional risks as case fatality of patients with cancer was higher at 5.6% compared to 2.3% of the general population. There are three proposed major strategies to address care for patients with cancer in this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with postponing treatment for those with stable cancer, increasing personal protection provisions for cancer patients, and increasing monitoring if a patient becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2.  In this present commentary, we discuss the unique mental health challenges and burdens of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and approaches to mitigate these stressors through telemedicine to reduce future burdens to the patient and the health care system.

Aim: Prevention of type 2 diabetes is enabled by identification and effective management of risk factors. The study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on persons without diabetes in two secondary hospitals using Canadian diabetes risk assessment questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 18. Result: A total of 300 respondents participated in the study and 160 (53.3%) were at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. From the risk evaluation, males (62.5%), overweight (65.1%) and obese (82.6%) participants; were at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Others found to be at high risk were; respondents with high waist circumference (55.6%), respondents who did not exercise (77.0%), those who did not eat fruits and vegetable daily (54.4% ), those with high blood pressure (67.5% ) and those who have had raised blood sugar in the past (71.0% ). Conclusion: Majority of the study participants was at high risk for type 2 diabetes and male participants had higher risks than their female counterparts. Other socio-demographic factors also presented major risks for type 2 diabetes.

Rationale, aims and objective Clinical audit plays a fundamental role in improving the quality of patient care and hence, is considered a cornerstone of clinical governance. This study evaluates clinical audit as a newly introduced quality improvement tool in the healthcare system of the Gaza Strip. Methods: Medical students and healthcare professionals who completed audits between 2015 and 2018 were invited to fill in an online survey from October 12 to November 2, 2018. Data was collected on applied methods, supervision, training, re-auditing and subsequent improvements in practice. Results A total of 62 audits was collected. Former training in clinical governance was received by 55 authors (88.7%) while a senior supervision was available in 56 audits (90.3%). Audits were performed across different hospitals and specialties with 18 audits (29%) in obstetrics, 16 audits (25.8%) in medicine and 11 audits (17.7%) each in surgery and paediatrics. A clear trend of increasing numbers of audits was observed with four audits (6.4%) completed in 2015 and 24 audits (38.7%) in 2018. Only 32 audits (51.6%) were presented to the local staff. The audit cycle was only completed in 14 projects (22.5%) with seven of them reporting improvements in practice. Conclusions A rise in the numbers of audits reflects a growing awareness of its key role in healthcare and patient safety. However, closure of loops and the actual implementation of recommendations are still lagging behind. Therefore, more focused efforts are needed to implement changes and ensure continuous evaluation of their effectiveness.

African swine fever (ASF) is emerging in Vietnam and poses a continuing severe threat to the swine industry. A histopathological study of clinical samples collected during the August to September 2019 outbreak of ASF was performed to determine the characteristic lesions. We analyzed samples from eight ASFV-infected farms. Histopathological results revealed the characteristic lesions of the acute to the subacute clinical form of ASF. Immunohistochemical results showed ASFV viral antigen distribution in mononuclear cells/macrophage in various organs, hepatocytes, and renal tubular epithelium. Molecular analysis of partial capsid protein 72 gene revealed that ASFV strain from the eight separate outbreaks belonged to genotype II.

Repurposing of existing antiviral drugs, immunological modulators, and supportive therapies represents a promising path toward rapidly developing new control strategies to mitigate the devastating public health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive text-mining and manual curation approach was used to comb and summarize the most pertinent information from existing clinical trials. Drugs with previous efficacy against related betacoronaviruses like SARS and MERS were also systematically evaluated as potentially promising candidates for drug repositioning.

New technologies in the field of vaccinology arise as necessity for treatment and control of many diseases. Currently modified live virus and inactivated vaccines used for Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) have several disadvantages. Previous works for preventive treatment of BoHV-1 with DNA based vaccines have demonstrated the capability to induce humoral and cellular immune response. Nevertheless, it is well known that “naked” DNA induces low immunogenic response. Thus, loading of antigen encoding DNA sequences in liposomal formulations targeting dendritic cell receptors could be a promising strategy to better activate these antigen presenting cells (APC). In this work, DNA based vaccine encoding the truncated version of gD glycoprotein (pCIgD) of BoHV-1 was investigated alone and upon encapsulation on liposomal formulation coated with MANα1-2MAN-PEG-DOPE and LPS from Brucella ovis (pCIgD-Man-L) in mice and cattle assay. Results showed that the use of pCIgD-Man-L was capable to enhance the immune response in both animal models. Significant levels of humoral immunity were achieved when total antibody titers and isotypes were detected in sera and mucosa. For cellular immunity, specific viral lymphoproliferation was detected in the animals inoculated with pCIgD-Man-L. In addition, positively modulation of CD40 molecules on the surface of bovine dendritic cells (DCs) was observed when cells were stimulated and activated with vaccine formulations. When challenge assay was performed, bovines inoculated with pCIgD and liposome decorated with MANα1-2MAN-PEG-DOPE elicited better protection and diminished viral excretion. The results demonstrate the targeting of the MANα1-2MAN coated liposomes toward dendritic cells and their ability to boost the immunogenicity according to an adjuvant effect that results in long-lasting immunity. Liposome decorated with MANα1-2MAN-PEG-DOPE were for the first time tested as DNA based vaccine in cattle as preventive treatment of BoHV-1. These results open up new perspectives for the design of vaccine for the control of bovine rhinotracheitis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neutrophil overactivation is crucial in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Bletinib (3,3′-dihydroxy-2′,6′-bis(p-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxybibenzyl), a natural bibenzyl first extracted from Bletilla striata in 1983, has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antimitotic potential. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Bletinib in human neutrophilic inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated ALI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed integrin expression, superoxide anion production, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and adhesion in activated human neutrophils through flow cytometry, spectrophotometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Moreover, phosphorylation of Src family kinases (SFKs) and downstream proteins was evaluated through immunoblotting. Finally, a murine LPS-induced ALI model was used to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of Bletinib treatment. KEY RESULTS In activated human neutrophils, Bletinib reduced degranulation, respiratory burst, NET formation, adhesion, migration, and integrin expression; suppressed the enzymatic activity of SFKs, including Src, Lyn, Fgr, and Hck; and inhibited the phosphorylation of SFKs as well as Vav and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk). In our mice with ALI, the pulmonary sections demonstrated considerable amelioration of prominent inflammatory changes, such as haemorrhage, pulmonary oedema, and neutrophil infiltration, after Bletinib treatment. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to provide evidence that Bletinib regulates neutrophilic inflammation by inhibiting the SFKs–Btk–Vav pathway and that Bletinib ameliorates LPS-induced ALI in mice. Further biochemical optimisation of Bletinib may be a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.

Near-field Signals Detected by a Standard Bipolar Electrode without Detection of Corresponding Signals by Microelectrode: What is the Mechanism?Short title ; Near-filed Microelectrode signalTakashi Nakashima, MD*, Cyril Goujeau, MD, Yosuke Nakatani, MD,Ghassen Cheniti, MD, Pierre Jaïs, MD, Frédéric Sacher, MDAll authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Service de Rhythmologie, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque (Centre Hospitalier Universtaire de Bordeaux)Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Bordeaux-Pessac, FranceCorrespondence to Takashi Nakashima, MDDepartment of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Service de Rhythmologie, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque (Centre Hospitalier Universtaire de Bordeaux)Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Bordeaux-Pessac, FranceTel: +33 5 57 65 68 63 19, Fax: +33 5 57 65 68 96 20, Email; takashin727jw@yahoo.co.jp, ORCID: 0000-0002-8538-9259Key words: Ablation; Electrogram analysis; Microelectrode; Ventricular tachycardia

Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a well-recognized risk factor for development of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). There is limited data on baseline characteristics and outcomes after an in-hospital SCA event in ESRD patients. Methods: For the purpose of this study, data were obtained from National Inpatient Sample from January 2007 to December 2017. In-hospital SCA was identified using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification and International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes of 99.60, 99.63 and 5A12012. ESRD patients were subsequently identified using codes of 585.6 and N18.6. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared among ESRD and non-ESRD patients in crude and propensity matched (PS) cohorts. Predictors of mortality in ESRD patients after an in-hospital SCA event were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1,412,985 patients sustained in-hospital SCA during our study period. ESRD patients with in-hospital SCA were younger and had a higher burden of key co-morbidities. Mortality was similar in ESRD and non-ESRD patients in PS matched cohort (70.4% vs. 70.7%, p = 0.45) with an overall downward trend over our study years. Advanced age, Black race, diabetes, hypertension and peripheral vascular disease were independently associated with increased mortality in ESRD patients after an in-hospital SCA event. Conclusion: In the context of in-hospital SCA, mortality is similar in ESRD and non-ESRD patients in adjusted analysis. Adequate risk factor modification could further mitigate the risk of in-hospital SCA among ESRD patients.

Introduction: His-Purkinje system (HPS) pacing emerges as an ideal strategy to restore cardiac synchrony. However, there is insufficient evidence to confirm the safety of HPS pacing in advanced age patients who are vulnerable to invasive procedures. Methods: We aimed to evaluate the short-term feasibility and safety of HPS pacing in symptomatic bradycardia patients over 85 years of age by comparing the pacing parameters and clinical outcomes with a younger cohort. 189 out of 198 consecutive patients underwent HPS pacing with symptomatic bradycardia were included. Among them 37 and 152 were aged over 85 years and below 85 years respectively. Peri- and post-procedure pacing parameters, cardiac function and clinical events were thoroughly evaluated during follow-up. Results: Compared with the younger cohort, the elderly had worse renal function and cardiac function. All 189 patients underwent successful HPS pacing, among whom 28 were paced at His-bundle. Paced QRS duration was shortened non-significantly compared with intrinsic, which showed no difference between cohorts. Pacing threshold and impedance decreased significantly without difference between cohorts. Lead dislodgement and pocket hematoma/infection only occurred in 2 (1.3%) and 4 (0.7%) younger patients, respectively. Through a 10.5±3.0 months follow-up, A non-significant improvement in cardiac function was indicated by echocardiographic indices. Clinical events incidences were comparable, except a higher incidence of myocardial infarction (8.1% vs 0.7%) observed in the advanced age cohort. Conclusion: Compared with the younger, HPS pacing could safely restore physiological conduction and reserve cardiac function in advanced age patients with symptomatic bradycardia.

Introduction: Previous studies on radiofrequency catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) arising from the left ventricle (LV) papillary muscles (PM) show a modest procedural success rate with higher recurrence rate. This study explored the utility of using a multipolar catheter for ablating the PM PVCs. Methods and Results: Endocardial mapping was performed via retrograde aortic approach using a steerable duodecapolar catheter in 6 patients and conventional point-by-point catheter in 5 patients, respectively. Compared with patients in point-by-point catheter group, duodecapolar catheter mapping demonstrated higher efficiency with an average procedure time and fluoroscopy time. The values of earliest activation time during mapping using duodecapolar catheter were significantly greater (32.3 ± 3.9 ms vs. 25.4 ± 2.8 ms). The mean number of ablation applications points in the duodecapolar catheter group was 6.8 ± 1.9 with an average overall ablation duration of 6.1 ± 3.0 minutes, which was significantly less compared to the point-by-point catheter group. There were no complications in duodecapolar catheter group whereas one cardiac tamponade occurred in the point-by-point catheter group. All 6 patients (100%) in the duodecapolar catheter group demonstrated acute successful ablation whereas only 3 of the 5 patients (60%) with point-by-point catheter ablation succeeded, and the intermediate success rate remained the same after an average follow-up of 9.7 ± 3.2 months. Conclusions: Mapping and ablation of PM PVCs using a duodecapolar catheter facilitated identification of earliest activation potentials and pace mapping, and demonstrated a high success rate during follow-up when compared to conventional mapping techniques.

Objectives: To elucidate the impact of regulation of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) using tricuspid annuloplasty on postoperative changes in right ventricular (RV) systolic and diastolic functions. Methods: We enrolled 69 patients who underwent aortic or mitral valve surgery between July 2016 to March 2018 without recurrence. Patients with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting or a history of previous cardiovascular surgery were excluded, remaining 45 patients enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty (T: n=12 vs non-T: n=33). RV global longitudinal strain (RVGLS), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and early tricuspid inflow velocity/early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity ratio (tricuspid E/e’) were assessed as functional indices at preoperative, postoperative and 1-year follow-up periods. Results: RVFAC deteriorated postoperatively but recovered at follow-up in group T, whereas that in group non-T showed gradual deterioration overtime. RVGLS and TAPSE showed similar temporary deterioration and recovery between groups. Tricuspid E in group T increased postoperatively and showed significant difference, which was kept until follow-up period. Tricuspid e’ decreased postoperatively, and recovered slightly in both groups. As a result, postoperative RV diastolic function (tricuspid E/e’) showed significant difference between groups. This difference was maintained until follow-up. Conclusions: RV systolic function deteriorated postoperatively, but there was a tendency to improve at follow-up regardless of tricuspid annuloplasty. RV diastolic function may potentially be impaired when TR was regulated by tricuspid annuloplasty.