The elimination of a foreign animal disease requires an efficient means of disposal for infected or exposed mortality and carcasses. Limited studies have been performed on the monitoring of swine viruses over time in compost piles, and this study looked to fill those knowledge gaps. The majority of the pig population in the United States resides in the Midwest, where adverse weather conditions in the winter exist. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ability to grind carcasses for windrow formation to eliminate viral pathogens in the face of adverse weather conditions. This study further evaluated the environmental safety of the grinding processes and the potential for contamination from compost windrows themselves. The study reveals that grinding of infected carcasses in cold weather conditions is a low potential risk for environmental contamination of the air and groundwater. There is an observable difference between the compared compost materials used in virus elimination potential. The grinding and compost method is a viable option for carcass disposal in the face of a Foreign Animal Disease outbreak for pathogen elimination.

Anxiety and Depression Scores in Maternity Healthcare Workers during the Covid-19 PandemicGillian A. Corbett1, Sarah J. Milne1, Suruchi Mohan2, Shuja Reagu3, Stephen W. Lindow1, Mark P. Hehir1, Michael P O’connell1.

Letter to the EditorCoronavirus disease COVID-19 has deeply modified national health services with a profound impact on hospital and in particular emergency and intensive care units (ICU) activities. As recently reported in Italy pediatric emergency accesses substantially decreased likely due to the instructions to prevent overcrowding in emergency rooms and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to fear of the infection.1 At the Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital (Neaples), pediatric emergency accesses in March 2020 were only one fifth of those registered in 2019 in the same period. Likewhise a marked reduction of consultations occurred also in family pediatricians clinics.2We report here 3 children who arrived at hospital in life-threatening conditions at the onset of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) between March 14 and April 10, 2020.First case: a 2-year-old-child arrived at the emergency department with a 15 days history of fatigue, pallor and dyspnea, in a comatose state, with severe anemia, respiratory distress, hematemesis and metabolic acidosis. Chest X-ray showed interstitial pneumonia. Blood tests showed: hemoglobin 2.7 gr/dL, WBC count 185.000/μl, platelets (PTL) 10.000/μl, LDH 3609 U/L. Peripheral blood was diagnostic for CD10, CD19 and CD58 positive ALL (B-lineage ALL). The patient, admitted at the ICU, intubated, transfused with RBC, PTL and plasma, died 12 hours after arrival at the hospital due to progressive worsening of clinical conditions. The nasal swab was negative for SARS-CoV-2 and positive for adenovirus.Second case: a 5-year-old-child arrived at the emergency department with a one month history of respiratory distress. Imaging showed a mediastinal mass compressing the brachiocephalic vein, the aorta, the pulmonary trunk and the left pulmonary artery, tracheal deviation, compression of the left main bronchus, left lung atelectasis and pleural effusion. Blood tests showed: hemoglobin 14.5 gr/dL, WBC count 37.000/μl, PTL 294.000/μl, LDH 6153 U/L, creatinine 1.9 mg/dl. Peripheral blood was diagnostic for CD5, CD7, CyCD3 and CD8 positive ALL (T-ALL). Steroid treatment was started. Clinical conditions deteriorated rapidly with cardiac and renal failure. The patient, admitted to ICU 2 hours after arrival at the hospital and intubated, died 24h later. The nasal swab was negative for SARS-CoV-2.Third Case: a 4-year-old child arrived at the hospital with one month history of fever, cough and shortness of breath treated at home with antibiotics and steroids without improvement. Imaging showed a mediastinal mass compressing the left brachiocephalic, azygos and superior cava veins, and right pulmonary artery and vein; mild tracheal deviation, compression of the left main bronchus; pericardial and pleural effusion; nephro-hepato-splenomegaly and ascites. Due to signs of cardiac tamponade, pericardiac and pleural drainage were placed and the patient was admitted at ICU and intubated. Blood tests showed: normal hemoglobin, WBC and PTL counts; LDH 2732 U/L, creatinine 2.98 mg/dl, K 8 mEq/L, Ca 5.4 mEq/L. Bone marrow was diagnostic for CD2, CD5, CD7, CD99 and CyCD3 positive ALL (T-ALL). Treatment with steroids was started. Due to progressive renal failure hemodialysis was performed for 9 days. Clinical conditions improved with rapid shrinking of mediastinal masses and resolution of pericardial and pleural effusion. The patient was thus extubated and treatment for ALL was instituted with good response to induction therapy. The nasal swab was negative for SARS-CoV-2.The 3 cases of ALL here described, 2 of them fatal, arrived at the hospital in critical conditions, most likely as a consequence of fear of COVID-19. Delay in diagnosis of neoplastic disease is a well-known problem in low-middle income countries (LMIC), but is quite rare in high-income countries (HIC). Actually, this combination of events never occurred in the past at the Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, where, at the time of writing, no SARS-CoV-2 positive cases have been identified among children treated for cancer.Considering low prevalence of virus spreading in children and that SARS-CoV-2 positive children are generally asymptomatic or have a very mild course of the disease there is a substantial risk that collateral effects of COVID-19 pandemic, i.e. delays in diagnosis, chemotherapeutic treatments and treatment of chemotherapy complications, may be worse than those posed by the disease itself.3,4,7 Recently the major pediatric cancer scientific associations have expressed great concern on the risk that fear to access to medical care raised by Covid-19 may cause these delays not only in LMIC but also in HIC with dramatic consequences we are not used to face.5-6 Our experience confirms the occurrence of these collateral effects, indicating that there is a need of awareness of this risk and careful medical attention to assure timely diagnoses and adequate treatment adherence in childhood cancer.

Most studies of plant--animal mutualistic networks have been temporally static. This approach has revealed many general patterns in the structure of complex webs of mutualistic interactions, but limits our ability to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape these networks, and to predict the consequences of natural and human-driven disturbance on species interactions. The growing availability of temporally explicit data is allowing ecologists to move beyond this static perspective. We review the growing literature dealing with temporal dynamics in plant--animal mutualistic networks including pollination, seed dispersal and ant defence mutualisms. We identify general patterns of temporal variation in these networks across temporal scales. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying variation in interactions, ranging from behavioural and physiological processes at the narrowest temporal scales to ecological and evolutionary processes operating over much broader temporal scales. We conclude by discussing priorities for future research, including an improved understanding of the abiotic and biotic factors driving temporal network change, and further development and refinement of analytical tools. Our review highlights the key role of the importance of considering the temporal dimension for our understanding of the ecology and evolution of complex webs of mutualistic interactions.

Aim: COVID-19, a newly discovered virus disease, can be affected by probiotics. So, we tried to review the possible effects and associations of probiotics on viral infections focusing on SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science up to May 2020 to identify interventional & observational studies documenting the effects of probiotics strains on interleukins, virus titres, and antibody production with a focus on confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: From a total of 93 records, 21 studies were obtained and classified into three domains based on the efficacy of probiotics on 1)the level of interleukins (n=7), 2)virus titres reduction (n=2), and 3)antibody production (n=12). The suppuration of proinflammatory interleukins and type I interferon (IFN) production seemed to be the main anti-viral strategy of probiotics. Conclusion: Based on evidence, some probiotic strains may be useful in SARS-CoV-2 infection; randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Aims: To assess whether randomized clinical trials (RCTs) proposed to evaluate treatment of COVID-19 with HQ or chloroquine include outcome definitions and data collection plans to produce meaningful efficacy/effectiveness and safety outcomes. Methods: We searched the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP) database for registers of RCTs evaluating HQ or chloroquine, alone or in any combination, to treat patients diagnosed with COVID-19 compared with any other treatment option. The final search was performed on April 8th, 2020. Results: Among 51 registered RCTs (median sample size of 262; IQR: 100, 520), 34 (67%) reported a clinical outcome, 12 (24%) a surrogate outcome, and five (10%) a combination of clinical and surrogate outcomes as primary endpoints. Clinical status/recovery and all-cause mortality/mortality accounted for 49% of the unique domains among 20 different clinical outcome domains of efficacy. Twenty-four (47%) RCTs did not describe plans to assess safety outcomes; when assessed, safety outcomes were determined in generic terms of total, severe or serious adverse events. Conclusions: The RCTs investigating HQ or chloroquine include heterogenous and insufficient approaches to measure efficacy/effectiveness and safety that are relevant to patients and clinical practice. These findings provide important insights to inform clinical and regulatory decisions that can be drawn about the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of these agents in patients with COVID-19.

Introduction: A novel ablation catheter that can measure local impedance (LI) was recently launched. We aimed to explore target LI measurements at each radiofrequency application (RFA) for creating sufficient ablation lesions during pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. Methods: This prospective study included 15 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo an initial ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Circumferential ablation around both ipsilateral PVs was performed using a 4-mm irrigated ablation catheter with an LI sensor. Point-by-point ablation was used with a 4-mm inter-ablation-point distance. Operators were blinded to LI measurements during the procedure. Creation of sufficient ablation lesions was assessed by the absence of a conduction gap. Results: After first-pass encircling PV antrum ablation, left atrium to PV conduction remained in 12 of 30 (40%) ipsilateral PVs. Mapping using the mini-basket catheter identified 48 ablation points through which the propagation wave entered the PV. At ablation points with a gap, the LI drop during RFA was half that at points without a gap (12 ± 7 vs. 23 ± 12 ohm, p<0.001). The GI drop did not differ between ablation points with and without a gap (12 ± 7 vs. 14 ± 10 ohm, p=0.10). An LI drop of 15 ohm predicted sufficient lesion formation without a gap with a sensitivity of 0.71, specificity of 0.81, and predictive accuracy of 0.75. Conclusion: A target LI drop of 15 ohm at each RFA with a 4-mm distance between adjacent ablation points may facilitate creation of sufficient ablation lesions during PV isolation

Since the advent of COVID-19 as a pandemic, multiple therapeutic options have been looked into as possible options for the management of COVID-19 disease. Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum anti-viral, has since been given Emergency Use Authorization by the US Food and Drug Agency (FDA). While cohort studies have shown benefit in the use of Remdesivir, the only Randomized Controlled Trial showed no statistically significant clinical benefit, and the other results from a trial by the NIH has only shown some benefit in reducing hospital admission in early results prior to peer review. In this scenario, with data lacking, is it justified for Remdesivir to be given Emergency Use Authorization?

Diagnostic tests for identification of people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses is crucial in the control and prevention of SARS-CoVs. Towards the ending of the year 2019, a novel coronavirus that resembles SARS-CoV called COVID-19 that causes respiratory disease appeared in China and later spread subsequently through more than 215 countries including Australia, Japan, Italy, Germany, South Africa, United Kingdom and the Unites States and has continue to spread worldwide. The genome of SARS-CoV is 29,727 nucleotides in length, and the genome organization is similar to that of other COVID-19. Generally, viral infection have been diagnosed in the laboratory through detection of viral antigens, nucleic acid, specific antibodies and by isolation and electron microscopy. Coronaviruses were detected usually from respiratory samples and blood by ELISA, Immunoflourescence test, Immunoblot and polymerase chain reaction. For epidemiological purposes the virus have to be cultured prior to other techniques in order to obtain good results. However, cultural technique is not recommended for COVID-19. The highest yield for the detection of SARS-CoVs results from real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sensitivity and specificity of IgG-IgM rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits were acceptable as they are speedy, easy to use and cheap procedures which contribute to its application in mass testing. However, it cannot be employed instead of RT-PCR to detect COVID-19, but can be optional and complementary test. Development of rRT-PCR/IgG-IgM combined test kit could be helpful to ease diagnosis and the disease management, therefore more efforts are needed to investigate alternative diagnostics for coronaviruses.

Aim To assess clinical outcomes and adverse drug events in patients hospitalised with COVID -19 treated with off- label hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of hospitalised COVID-19+ patients who received hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin over a 2 week period. The primary end point was clinical improvement on day 7 defined as either hospital discharge or an improvement of two points on a six-category ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes evaluated included mortality at day 28, ICU admission, requirement for mechanical ventilation and incidence of adverse drug events. Results Data from a total of 82 patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated. Clinical improvement was seen in 26.8% of patients at Day 7. 31% of patients were admitted to ICU, 16 (19.5%) underwent mechanical ventilation and Day 28 mortality was 28%. Age over 70, history of cardiovascular disease and 3 or more comorbidities were risk factors for mortality. The incidence of adverse drug events was 42%. No patient experienced a Grade 4 or 5 toxicity. Over a fifth of patients (23) had raised LFTs (65% had raised LFTs at baseline), 11 patients experienced prolonged QT and 1 patient experienced grade 1 hypoglycaemia. Treatment was stopped early in 6(7.3%) patients due to prolonged QT interval or LFT elevations. Conclusion This descriptive study details the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients treated with these agents and highlights the importance of monitoring all repurposed agents for adverse drug events.

Aims This study aimed to develop a parent-metabolite joint population pharmacokinetic model to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile for phosphocreatine (PCr) and its metabolite creatine (Cr) in children with myocarditis, and to use this model to study the PK profile of different dosing schemes. Methods One hundred pediatric patients with myocarditis were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at baseline and, approximately 30, 40 or 50, 75 and 180 min after a single dose of phosphocreatine sodium. Plasma PCr and Cr concentrations were determined using a HPLC-MS/MS method. A nonlinear mixed-effects model approach was used to build the population pharmacokinetic model. After validation, the model was used for simulations to evaluate the PK profile of different dosing schemes. Results A total of 997 plasma concentrations (498 for PCr and 499 for Cr) were included in the analysis. A four-compartment chain model (central and peripheral compartments for both PCr and Cr) with first-order elimination adequately characterized the in vivo process of PCr and Cr. Allometric scaling based on bodyweight was applied to the PK parameters. The covariate analysis identified that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was strongly associated with the Cr clearance. Bootstrap and visual predictive check suggested a robust and reliable pharmacokinetic model was developed. The simulation results showed that the PCr had no accumulation in vivo. With the infusion of PCr, the concentration of Cr increased rapidly. Conclusion The joint population pharmacokinetic model for PCr and Cr in pediatric patients with myocarditis was successfully developed for the first time.

This is a response to the Letter to Editor received regarding the article “Outcomes of Non-Cardiotomy Patients Requiring Postoperative Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.”

This study was attempted to review the evidence for or against the effectiveness of m-health interventions on health outcomes improvement and/or GDM management. Based on our findings, m-health interventions could enhance GDM patients’ pregnancy outcomes. M-health can be one of the most prominent technologies for the management of GDM.

The management of SARS-CoV 2 has not yet been clearly determined and is based on the potential therapeutics evaluated during the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics. Although there is currently no antiviral treatment for the treatment of human coronavirus infections, the preclinical results with remdesivir (RDV) are promising. This antiviral is identified as a drug option to be evaluated against COVID-19, based on data on its activity in vitro and in vivo on the coronaviruses MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Today it is used to fight coronavirus. It acts on COVID-19 by interfering with key stages in the replication cycle of the virus.

As we deal with the COVID-19 pandemic we face a controversy concerning its pathophysiology and how to integrate available knowledge into practice while awaiting study outcomes. COVID-19’s pathophysiology remains elusive, as reflected in putative mechanisms that remain unsupported by robust evidence. Some models draw on clinical observations without reference to supporting data from genomic, proteomic, molecular, physiological, and other data pertaining to human coronaviruses. Consequently, some proposed models for COVID-19 pathophysiology and their corresponding treatment options remain highly divergent. To provide a pathophysiological model that better describes the different phenotypic presentations of the disease in concordance with existing research on the renin-angiotensin system, previously described pathophysiological processes for other human coronavirus infections and the genomic similarities between the SARS and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, we developed a conceptual model,“epithelial-endothelial crosstalk at alveolar-capillary membrane” that we believe can help explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

We report a case of a 34-month-old girl who has been followed up for 12 months after ingesting 105mg/kg of hydroxyurea (HU) and showed only transient mild bone marrow suppression. With anticipated increase in HU use among children with SCD in sub-Saharan Africa, the possibility of accidental ingestion should be envisaged and appropriate user-education and management guidelines established. Toxicity from accidental HU overdosage is generally mild and transient and should not constitute a barrier to its use in Nigerian children with SCD.

Background: The number of cancer survivors, including childhood cancer survivors, is increasing as a consequence of improved therapeutic options. However, the medical costs associated with therapy are high and many families are suffering from the resultant financial burden. Objective: Our study aims to determine the total medical cost for 5 years after the initial diagnosis of childhood cancers. Methods: A customized dataset from the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database was requested for this study. A total of 7,317 patients were selected to determine the total medical cost related to their treatment. The costs are presented as the 2% trimmed mean value to exclude extreme costs. The medical costs were further classified according to cancer type, treatment phase, and socioeconomic status. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: The average total medical cost per patient is 36.8 million Korean Wons (KRW) or 30,665 United States Dollars (USD). Among childhood cancers, leukemia was associated with the highest cost at 53.5 million KRW (USD 44,556). Analysis of socioeconomic status revealed that the higher income group demonstrated higher medical expenditure when compared to other groups. Analysis of the treatment phase showed that costs associated with the early phase of treatment are the highest, especially in the first 3 months after initial diagnosis. Conclusion: Cancer treatments are expensive and are a source of significant financial stress to patients’ families. To alleviate the financial burden and reduce the socioeconomic disparities associated with medical care and costs, a better understanding of the current experience of patients and their families is required.

The novel corona virus, previously dubbed 2019-nCoV and now officially named SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 has caused major outbreaks of deadly pneumonia in the 21st century has began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and now become a destructive to global health and therefore the utmost need of the hour is to develop therapeutic candidates or vaccines against it (Zhu et al., 2020). Numerous corona viruses, first discovered in domestic poultry in the 1930s, 2002 and 2012 cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, and neurologic diseases in animals. Only 7 corona viruses are known to cause disease in humans. There is an urgent need to identify specific targets to design promising therapeutic agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus aetiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) characterised by pulmonary infection in humans. The need exists for additional treatment options addressing antiviral replication, and against SARS-CoV-2. Virus entry and replication strategies are potential targets for antiviral drug treatments. Since NF-κB pathway is often targeted by viral pathogens to enhance viral replication, host cell survival and host immune evasion. Viruses may activate or suppress NF-kB. (Marta et al., 2014). There have many studies on SARS-COV since 2002-2003 SARS epidemics. SARS-COV2 (COVID-19) belongs to the same family of corona viruses and shares many similarities (3), including SARS-CoV-1. Here we discuss the possible mechanisms of NFκB inhibitor interference with the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle.

Objective Affecting 1 in 500 individuals; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant cardiovascular disorder which is prevalent throughout the world. Surgical myectomy and alcohol septal ablation (ASA) are two methods currently used for the management of drug refractory Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). ASA may prove to be a useful, less invasive tool when confronting patients with HOCM especially those who are more elderly or deemed to be a higher surgical risk. Methods Electronic literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles that discussed invasive methods to treat drug refractory HOCM. No limits were placed on timing of the publication or the type of article. Key words and MeSH terms were used to conduct the search and the results were summarized in the relevant section. Results Current evidence suggests that alcohol septal ablation is a safe and effective procedure in treating patients with HOCM with similar short- and long-term outcomes when compared with surgical myectomy. Selection of patient with appropriate assessment is the key for satisfactory outcomes. Conclusion ASA has been shown to be a safe and reliable procedure; advanced imaging techniques and dedicated multi-disciplinary teams can be used to carefully select patients with HOCM. Though surgical myectomy is recommended as gold standard treatment for drug refractory HOCM, however, ASA may play an increasing role in the near future due an ageing population; both ASA and SM can have a synergistic effect in treating those who are affected by HOCM.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a global health emergency. Health systems are under extreme pressure because of the outbreak. Pediatric population seems to be less prone to develop a severe course of the disease. Still the information about COVID-19 infection and children affected by cancer are few. This survey aims to highlight preventive and control measures to manage COVID-19 infection in Italian Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Association (AIEOP) centers. Procedure: A multicentre, descriptive survey design was used. All the AIEOP centers were invited to complete an on-line survey. Data collection was performed between March 15, 2020 and April 15, 2020. Results: Thirty six out of 48 centers responded to the survey. All the centers implemented similar preventive measures in order to control the COVID-19 spread and 77.8% of centers have created structured pathways, specific protocols or procedures; 30% of centers reduced the number of inpatient beds and 90% outpatient activity. The prevalence data collected report 14 children positive and 35 healthcare professionals positive. Conclusion: COVID-19 is not spreading homogeneously in Italy and children are less infected. However, all the AIEOP centers showed preparedness and response actions to control the infection and to protect their own fragile patients. Patients and staff safety were maintained; services and clinical activities were sometimes adapted. It will be necessary to define new processes and new strategies to ensure safety and continuity of care to children affected by cancer, even in the future, when the lockdown will end, and new measures will be implemented.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disease of the mononuclear phagocyte system, characterised by tissue infiltration of CD1a+ CD207+ histiocytes. The clinical presentation is variable, ranging from unifocal asymptomatic bone involvement to life-threatening multisystem disease, requiring aggressive therapeutic approaches. Intraocular involvement is uncommon and associated to poor visual and general prognosis. Herein, we report a case of LCH in a newborn with ocular and multisystem risk organ involvement, unresponsive to several lines of chemotherapy. Off-label administration of vemurafenib led to dramatic improvement at systemic level; however, chronic sequelae of ocular involvement resulted in poor visual prognosis.

The manuscript describes the features of a platform developed by the OpenChemistry consortium that bridges many prominent technologies in data sharing, analysis, and visualization. The platform unifies a web-based GUI with few computational backends  and can be used to visualize and analyze pre-existing data or newly produced computational results.The development of this platform is timely and the description in the manuscript is clear and compelling. I recommend the paper be published with minor revisions, suggested in the following.I hereby give permission to publicly associate my name to this referee report.Editor's Note: Accepted version of this manuscript https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158687268.81852407/v2

The investigation on the fatigue behaviour of the processed friction stir welded AA8011/AA6082 dissimilar joint is reported in this work. The single-pass friction stir processing technique was applied on the friction stir welded AA8011/AA6082 and AA6082/AA8011 dissimilar joints. The friction stir processing was conducted under normal conditions (room temperature). The samples were prepared for different analysis using the waterjet cutter technology. The tests conducted include tensile, microstructural analysis, microhardness, fatigue and fracture surface morphology. The microstructural analysis revealed a correlation between material positioning and grain sizes. There was a notable decrease in grain size when AA6082 was positioned on the advancing side during processing. The tensile properties of the joint processed with AA6082/AA8011 were found to be higher compared to the joint produced with AA8011/AA6082. The AA6082/AA8011 joint was found to be more ductile compared to AA8011/AA6082 joint. The stir zone microhardness for the AA8011/AA6082 and AA6082/AA8011 joints was measured to be approximately 60HV and 80HV, respectively. The fatigue strength of AA6082/AA8011 was found to be higher compared to AA8011/AA6082 fatigue strength.

An innovative computational methodology is proposed for fatigue life estimation of notched components subjected to multiaxial variable amplitude loadings. In the proposed methodology, if the calculated uniaxial fatigue damage by axial tension‐compression loading path is more than that by the pure torsional loading path, an axial strain-based multiaxial fatigue damage parameter is selected to compute multiaxial fatigue damage, or else a shear strain-based multiaxial fatigue damage parameter is selected to compute multiaxial fatigue damage. Moreover, the proposed methodology utilizes axial strain-based and shear strain-based multiaxial fatigue damage parameters in replacement of equivalent strain amplitude to take into consideration of the non-proportional additional hardening phenomenon. The fatigue data of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy and GH4169 superalloy notched specimens are utilized to verify the proposed notch fatigue life prediction methodology, and the prediction results are satisfactory.