Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main viral pathogens causing acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age, but has seldom been studied in Central African Republic (CAF). Methods: Taking advantage of the national influenza surveillance network in CAF, a total of 3903 children under 5 years matching the influenza-like illness (ILI, 68.5%) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI, 31.5%) case definitions were recruited from January 2015 to December 2018 to determine annual RSV prevalence, seasonality and disease severity as well as to characterise RSV strains. The presence of RSV viral RNA in nasopharyngeal samples was assessed by RT-PCR, followed by RSV-A and –B typing and Sanger sequencing. Results: RSV incidence was significantly higher in infants < 6 months (13.4%), in hospitalized children (13.3% vs 5.5%) and in male patients (9.5% vs 6.4%). An overall prevalence of RSV of 8.0% in the period of 2015-2018 was shown, with significant annual (6.4%-10.6%) and seasonal (12.7% in rainy season vs 3.0% in dry season) fluctuations. While RSV seasons in 2015, 2016 and 2018 were relatively similar, 2017 showed deviations from the overall patterns with significantly higher RSV incidence and peak incidence 3-5 months earlier. Concomitant circulation of RSV-A and RSV-B with an alternating predominance of RSV-A and RSV-B strains and temporal RSV-A genotype replacement from NA1 to ON1 were observed. Conclusion: This study represents the first in-depth epidemiological analysis of RSV in CAF and provides first insights into RSV burden, genetic diversity and seasonality in the country.

Dear editor, Cases of newly diagnosed diabetes have been observed in people with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), often with severe hyperglycaemia and diabetic keto-acidosis. An international group of leading diabetes researchers participating in the CoviDIAB Project calls for a global registry of patients with Covid-19–related diabetes (covidiab.e-dendrite.com) 1. It is indeed difficult to determine whether these are exacerbations of existing diabetes or new-onset diabetes. The glycohaemoglobin A1c test indicates a patient’s average blood sugar levels for the past two to three months. If the newly diagnosed diabetes is indeed of recent onset, the test values should be relatively low. In addition, performing the test every month thereafter and comparing the results with the initial results may provide a clue to the timing of diabetes onset. Therefore, COVID-19 patients should have their glycohaemoglobin A1c measured on admission, and if necessary, every month thereafter.ReferenceRubino F, Amiel SA, Zimmet P, et al. New-Onset Diabetes in Covid-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 12]. N Engl J Med . 2020;NEJMc2018688. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2018688

OBJECTIVE: To collect and review data from consecutive patients admitted to Queen’s Hospital, Burton on Trent for treatment of Covid-19 infection, with the aim of developing a predictive algorithm that can help identify those patients likely to survive. DESIGN: Consecutive patient data was collected from all admissions to hospital for treatment of Covid-19. Data was manually extracted from the electronic patient record for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Data, including outcome data (discharged alive / died) was extracted for 487 consecutive patients, admitted for treatment. Overall, patients who died were older, had very significantly lower Oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission, and higher CRP as evidenced by a Bonferroni-corrected P<0.0056). Evaluated individually, platelets and lymphocyte count were not statistically significant but when used in a logistic regression to develop a predictive score, platelet count did add predictive value. The prediction algorithm we developed was: P(survival) = ___________________1______________________ 1+e-1(-16.7104-3.3810LN(age)+6.5592LN(SpO2)-0.4584LN(CRP)+0.7183LN(Plt)) CONCLUSION: Age, SpO2 on Admmission, CRP and platelets were an effective marker combination that helped identify patients who would be likely to survive. The AUC under the ROC Plot was 0.737 (95% Conf. Interval 0.689-0.784; P< 0.001). Further research adding extra markers, is underway.

The paper aims to establish a realistic income-capital model and gives economic conclusions by some mathematical analysis. Firstly, unlike other known models which either neglect time delay or neglect spatial diffusion, our model includes both time delay and spatial diffusion. Secondly, taking the time delay as bifurcation parameter, the stability of positive equilibrium and periodic oscillations are studied by theoretical and numerical analysis under two different boundary conditions. At last, the theoretical results yield the following economic conclusions: 1) For the closed economy or the open economy, there exists a critical threshold of time delay. If the time delay is smaller than the critical threshold, then the economic system will keep balanced at the present state; If the time delay is lager than the critical threshold, the stability of present state will be destroyed, and the periodic oscillations will emerge; 2) The biggest difference between the critical threshold of open economy and that of closed economy is that the former is related to diffusion coefficients, while the latter is independent of diffusion coefficients; 3) The periodic oscillations are spatially homogeneous for closed economy, but are spatially inhomogeneous for open economy; 4) Regional income and capital disparities are more likely to occur in open economies than in closed economies; 5) Results reveal to some extent the causes of the gap between the rich and the poor and also provide insight into why developed economies are more likely to polarize than underdeveloped ones. Our theoretical analysis is based on the center manifold theorem, normal forms and Hopf bifurcation theory.

Aims: Inappropriate polypharmacy poses adverse drug events, mortality, and high healthcare costs. Deprescribing could minimise inappropriate polypharmacy and the consequence thereof. This study aims to evaluate healthcare providers’ (HCPs) attitudes toward, and experiences with the deprescribing practice. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Perception of HCPs on deprescribing was measured by Linsky et al. validated tool. This tool has five dimensions that could affect HCPs’ decision to discontinue medications intentionally. One-way ANOVA was used to test the association between socio-demographic variables and their perception of deprescribing decisions. Results: Of 85 HCPs approached, about 82 HCPs with a 96.5% response rate were included in the final analysis of this study. Most HCPs (87%) were less likely or not at all to be affected by a strong relationship between HCPs and their patients to make a deprescribing decision. However, HCPs believed that formal education, significant physical health conditions, objective response to the clinical endpoint of the medication (e.g., blood pressure), and on-the-job experience profoundly influenced them to decide on deprescribing. According to the post-hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA, clinical pharmacists seemed to have a better attitude toward deprescribing decisions compared to physicians. (p = 0.025). Conclusion: HCPs’ decision to discontinue a medication could be multifactorial, and HCPs could be influenced by education level and their experience to discontinue a medication intentionally. A therapy-specific deprescribing algorithm, multidisciplinary collaboration, and continuous education development should be instituted to guide HCPs in the deprescribing decision process.

Aim: The current geographic distribution of plants and their dispersers are a result of coevolution, but the reciprocity effects on the distribution of large seed pine and primary seed dispersers required understanding of (a) the distribution range and distribution characteristics of each species, and (b) the overlapping of distribution areas of animals and plants to explore whether they match. Location: China Methods: To find the target species, we identified eight large-seeded pine species in China in terms of seed size and wing traits as well as four primary seed disperser species in terms of body size, diet and food storage behavior. To map the geographical distribution, we obtained species distribution information from books, literature and GBIF. We then analyzed the distribution relationship by overlapping the distribution areas and patterns comprehensively. Results: We identified eight species of large-seeded pines (Pinus fenzeliana, P. gerardiana, P. dabeshanensis, P. koraiensis, P. pumila, P. bungeana, P. armandii, and P. sibirica) and four species of primary seed dispersers (Nucifraga caryocatactes, Sciurus vulgaris, Tamias sibiricus, and Sciurotamias davidianus). Pines interlaced from the Northeast to the Southwest of China along the mountains with an average altitude of 1000-2000 m, while each species of seed disperser had a wide distribution range that overlapped completely or partially with that of four or more species of the large-seeded pines. For pines that lack sufficient research on seed dispersal, our research provides them with potential seed dispersers Main conclusions: The distribution pattern of large-seeded pines and the primary seed dispersers was matched, we believed that reciprocal relationship promotes this distribution pattern. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating the ecological consequences of geographical distribution into reciprocal interactions between species and biodiversity conservation.

ReferencesLuo J, Duke T, Chisti MJ, Kepreotes E, Kalinowski V, Li J. Efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula vs standard oxygen therapy or nasal continuous positive airway pressure in children with respiratory distress: A meta-analysis. J Pediatr. 2019;215:199-208Li J, Jing GQ, Scott JB. Year in Review 2019: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy for adult patients. Respir Care, 2020, 65(4): 545-557.Lavizzari A, Veneroni C, Colnaghi M, et al. Respiratory mechanics during NCPAP and HHHFNC at equal distending pressures. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014;99(4):F315-F320.Simon M, Braune S, Frings D, Wiontzek AK, Klose H, Kluge S. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen versus non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure undergoing flexible bronchoscopy–a prospective randomised trial. Crit Care 2014;18(6):712. doi: 10.1186/s13054-014-0712-9.Saksitthichok B, Petnak T, So-Ngern A, Boonsarngsuk V. A prospective randomized comparative study of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen and non-invasive ventilation in hypoxemic patients undergoing diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy. J Thorac Dis 2019;11(5):1929-1939.Douglas N, Ng I, Nazeem F, et al. A randomised controlled trial comparing high-flow nasal oxygen with standard management for conscious sedation during bronchoscopy. Anaesthesia 2018;73(2):169-176Lin Y, Zhang X, Li L, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and hypoxia during gastroscopy with propofol sedation: A randomized multicenter clinical trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2019;90(4):591-601.Teng WN, Ting CK, Wang YT, et al. High-flow nasal cannula and mandibular advancement bite block decrease hypoxic events during sedative esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A randomized clinical trial. Biomed Res Int 2019:4206795.Riccio CA, Sarmiento S, Minhajuddin A, Nasir D, Fox AA. High-flow versus standard nasal cannula in morbidly obese patients during colonoscopy: A prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Anesth 2019;54:19-24.Nielsen KR, Ellington LE, Gray AJ, Stanberry LI, Smith LS, DiBlasi RM. Effect of high-flow nasal cannula on expiratory pressure and ventilation in infant, pediatric, and adult models. Respir Care 2018;63:147-57.Coté CJ, Wilson S; American academy of pediatrics; American academy of pediatric dentistry. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Pediatrics. 2019;143(6):e20191000.Klotz D, Seifert V, Baumgartner J, Teufel U, Fuchs H. High-flow nasal cannula vs standard respiratory care in pediatric procedural sedation: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;1–7.Scott JB, Kaur R. Monitoring breathing frequency, pattern, and effort. Respir Care. 2020;65(6):793-806.Neuman Y, Koslow M, Matveychuk A, Bar-Sef A, Guber A, Shitrit D. Increased hypoxemia in patients with COPD and pulmonary hypertension undergoing bronchoscopy with biopsy. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:2627-2632.

Dystrophin-deficiency results in a cardiomyopathy of variable onset and deficiency. Myocardial scarring commonly results in cardiac dysfunction, with both atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias. Heart failure, rather than arrhythmia burden, remains the strongest cardiac predictor of mortality in this patient population. Current data suggests the overall rate of sudden cardiac death in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy is significantly lower than adults. Specifically in the Duchenne cardiomyopathy population, sudden death from an arrhythmic cause appears to be rare, even in patients with previously diagnosed arrhythmias. Despite this, recommendations for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement in patients with Duchenne cardiomyopathy has traditionally been extrapolated from adult heart failure recommendations based on decreased left-ventricular ejection fraction less than 35%. Early involvement of the cardiologist in the care for patients with dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy is recommended for this reason. The indications for ICD placement to prevent sudden death in patients with Duchenne cardiomyopathy are not well defined. There is little evidence to suggest placement meaningfully prolongs life in this population, and should be carefully considered in accordance with the care goals of the patient and his family.

Widespread usage of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has driven the recent epidemic of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI). Recent reports have described a heterogeneous range of pneumonitis-related sequelae from non-regulated tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oil extract products used through various e-cigarette devices, piloting an ongoing federal investigation into the chemical constituents involved in such cases. However, to the best of our knowledge, no published reports to date have examined the impact of EVALI on post-discharge pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and the role of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving short-term functional outcomes. We describe the clinical course of an adolescent male with EVALI due to the use of an off-label THC based vaping pod. After a prolonged intubation period in the intensive care unit he exhibited exertional dyspnea at the outset of his rehabilitation. His initial PFTs were notable for a mixed obstructive and restrictive lung pattern and mildly decreased diffusion capacity. The patient had a slow and gradual improvement in his PFTs during pulmonary rehabilitation, as well as a stepwise improvement in his activities of daily living and resolution of substance abuse related stressors with continued supportive counseling.

As a rare autosomal dominant hypopigmentation disease, piebaldism is characterized by the presence of patchy albinism on the skin, and is mainly caused by the loss-of-function mutations in c-KIT gene. Congenital hearing loss is occasionally found as an expanded syndrome of piebaldism. However, the correlation between c-KIT mutations and piebaldism with hearing loss has not yet been described. Herein, we created a mutant strain of miniature pig through the N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mediated mutagenesis, which showed severe piebaldism and congenital profound hearing loss. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) linked these phenotypes to the c.2430T>A transition mutation in exon 17 of c-KIT, resulting in an Asp810Glu substitution in the tyrosine kinase domain. The Asp810 was localized at the highly conserved DFG motif and the transition from Asp to Glu would deplete the kinase activity of c-KIT protein, finally inducing the degeneration of intermediate cells and hair cells in inner ear. The c-KITc.2430T>A/+ pig is the first large animal model with a c-KIT loss-of-function mutation, showing piebaldism with hereditary hearing loss. It will serve as an experimental model for exploring the function of c-KIT during biological processes and the candidate therapies for c-KIT mutations related diseases.

Tisagenlecleucel offers promise to children with relapsed/refractory (r/r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, there is limited experience with and data supporting the use of tisagenlecleucel in infants. We describe our successful experience using tisagenlecleucel followed by a haploidentical donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in an infant with r/r KMT2A-rearranged ALL, the youngest infant to survive and achieve prolonged remission using this approach.

The number of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) who mandate additional oral anticoagulant therapy has been increasing. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is associated with reduced ischemic events including stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction and stroke following PCI. However, the trade-off is an increased risk for bleeding while on DAPT. The addition of an anticoagulation further increases the likelihood of bleeding while on antiplatelet therapy. Thus, the overall risks and benefits for each patient undergoing PCI on anticoagulation (VKA/ NOAC)  must be assessed and therapy individualized to ensure optimal therapy for each unique situation. We review the best practices for the pharmacologic management of patients requiring anticoagulation with NOAC who are treated with PCI and require antiplatelet therapy. 

Key points 1. With an ageing population, there is a higher prevalence of dementia and patients with conditions that require surgical management. 2. Patients with dementia undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia often have poorer outcomes than those without dementia. 3. Local anaesthetic otological surgery requires patient cooperation, and this may be challenging in patients with dementia. 4. Local anaesthetic surgery for cholesteatoma in patients with dementia in the presence of their primary carer in the operating room helps facilitate communication and aid patient cooperation. 5. Cholesteatoma surgery in patients with dementia requires a careful individualised perioperative plan.

Abstract Introduction: Racial disparities for overall survival (OS) in head and neck cancer have been well described. However, the extent to which these disparities exist for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), and the contribution of demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic status (SES) variables, is unknown. Methods: Patients were identified from the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Study (CHANCE), a population-based study in North Carolina. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for OS in black versus white patients with sequential adjustment sets. Results: A total of 157 HPV-associated OPSCC patients were identified. Of these, 93% were white and 7% were black. Black patients with HPV-associated OPSCC were more likely to be younger, have an income <$20,000, live farther away from clinic where biopsy was performed, and have advanced T stage at diagnosis. Black patients had worse OS in the unadjusted analysis (HR 4.9, 95% CI 2.2-11.1, p<0.0001). The racial disparity in OS slightly decreased when sequentially adjusting for demographic, clinical, and SES variables. However, HR for black race remained statistically elevated in the final adjustment set which controlled for age, sex, stage, smoking, alcohol use, and individual-level household income, insurance, and education level (HR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1-10.1, p=0.028). Conclusion: This is the first population-based study that confirms persistence of racial disparities in HPV-associated OPSCC after controlling for demographic, clinical, and individual-level socioeconomic factors. Keywords: Head and neck neoplasms, disparities, race, survival, human papillomavirus, epidemiology

Purposes: To evaluate the instant auditory benefit of an adhesive bone conduction hearing aid (ADHEAR) on children with bilateral congenital microtia, especially the sound localization ability under unilateral and bilateral fitting. Methods: Twelve patients with bilateral congenital microtia aged from 6 to 17 were included in this study. Pure tone threshold under sound field, speech recognition threshold in quiet and sound localization abilities were tested and compared before and after wearing the device. The pure tone threshold test was additionally repeated for two different wearing method – adhesive or fixed with softband; the sound localization test was repeated for both unilateral and bilateral fitting. Correlation analysis was then conducted to find the influencing factors of sound localization improvement. Results: Significant auditory improvement were found: the average pure tone threshold (PTA) reduced by 24.8 (adhesive) and 27.3 dB HL (softband), with no significant difference between the two wearing methods. The speech recognition threshold also improved by 29.0 dB. As for sound localization abilities, no significant improvement was found under unilateral fitting; but half (6 of 12) of the patients were notably benefited from bilateral fitting. The improvement was found to be strong correlated with the patients’ unaided sound localization ability – those with poorer localization abilities tends to benefit more. Moreover, it was found that the sound localization improvement was also negatively related with the malformation degrees of the patients’ head. Summary: ADHEAR affords significant auditory benefits for children with bilateral congenital microtia, in terms of sound and speech perception. The sound localization abilities could be partly improved instantly by bilateral fitting, and the improvement is related with factors such as adaption and skull malformations.

Previous studies suggested that in an ecological co-occurrence network with a large proportion of strongly positive correlations, the network members may respond synchronously to environmental changes (e.g synchronously become extinct), resulting in instability of network. Anthropogenic activities have strong influences on the microbial community composition and diversity in river ecosystems, but how their influences on the stability of microbial co-occurrence networks remain unclear. In this study, we used nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and phosphorus) as an indicator for anthropogenic actives, and explored the effects of anthropogenic activities on the stability of bacterial co-occurrence networks in a subtropical river, Xiyuan River. The nutrient concentrations were higher in midstream and downstream areas than in upstream area of Xiyuan River. The proportion and correlations coefficients of positive correlations for bacterial co-occurrence networks strongly and positively correlated with the nutrient concentrations, indicating increased anthropogenic activities destabilized the networks in midstream and downstream areas. To further explore the mechanisms, we found that the changes of network stability were associated with the changes of bacterial functions. Anthropogenic activity tolerant bacteria (e.g. nutrient removal, aromatic degradation and pathogen bacteria) and their linked bacterial members formed a largely and strongly positive module in the midstream and downstream networks, therefore destabilized the networks. Based on network perspective, our results provide new insight in the mechanisms of anthropogenic activities alter riverine microbial communities.

1. Invasive plants are considered major threats to biodiversity globally; however, our understanding of the long-term dynamics of invasion remains limited. 2. Over time, invasive plants can accumulate pathogens capable of causing population declines because invaders have a greater chance of encountering such pathogens as they spread and native pathogens adapt to use invasive plants as a resource over time. However, reports typically focus on individual species and ecologists lack a synthesis approach capable of predicting pathogen susceptibility in plant invaders. 3. Pathogen resistance and tolerance are tightly coupled to plant traits, which we suggest can provide a framework for understanding and predicting novel pathogen accumulation. 4. We reviewed the literature to synthesize plant traits associated with pathogen susceptibility and to determine the prevalence of novel pathogen accumulation on invasive plants. We then used these data and applied a multivariate model to associate plant traits with pathogen effects to predict pathogen susceptibility of invasive plants. Finally, we provide directions for future research. 5. Considering the emergence of trait-based approaches, comprehensive databases, and new data on individual invasions, advances in our understanding of invasive plant-pathogen interactions can lead to breakthroughs both at fundamental and management decision-making levels.

This is a review of manuscript CiSESI-2020-06-0048 submitted to Computing in Science & Engineering: “Towards Long-term and Archivable Reproducibility” (Akhlaghi et al., 2020). Another version of the manuscript was published on arXiv: 2006.03018.

Introduction: Annually, 5% of sudden deaths are due to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) rupture. AAA ruptures have worse outcomes in females than males and occur at a smaller size in females. USPSTF recommends a one-time ultrasound screening for males aged 65-75 years who ever smoked. There is insufficient evidence to screen females aged 65-75 years who ever smoked in-spite of the available evidence. The objective of this study is to compare the characters, mortality and morbidity of ruptured AAAs in females and males. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 117 patients from two teaching institutions over a period of six years. A total of 39 parameters were compared between males and females including demographic characters, co-morbidities like hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases; previous history of AAA; medications, characters of aneurysm, type of surgery and its outcome; post-operative complications and long term survival. Results: The incidence of AAA rupture was higher in males (68%) than in females (32%). Females had a later age of death from AAA rupture. There was a significant difference in the size of AAA rupture between females (mean=7.4 cm) and males (mean=8.2 cm); p = 0.04. The probability to undergo surgery for ruptured AAA was significantly lower for females as compared to males (p=0.03). Females had higher overall mortality (p=0.001) and post-operative mortality after surgical repair (p=0.02) from AAA. Female gender was an independent predictor of higher length of ICU stay, incidence of postoperative complications, use of vasopressors and use of ventilator. Conclusion: Using a similar threshold of size of AAA for elective surgery for both males and females might not be appropriate. AAA screening might be warranted for high risk females owing to the higher morbidity and mortality.

Slope length is an important topographic factor for controlling soil erosion and pivotal parameters in the soil erosion model. The impact of slope length on soil erosion was studied under different grassland and different rainfall intensity through simulated rainfall experiments. The experiment included five rainfall intensity treatments (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mm h−1), four grass cover treatments (0, 30%, 60% and 90%) and five slope length treatments (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 m). The results show that the rate of soil loss increased exponentially with increasing slope length under 0 and 30% grass cover. Under high grass covers (60% and 90%), the slope length increased sedimentation from runoff and reduced slope erosion.The increase of slope length led to enhancement of soil loss as rainfall intensity increased. At 1 mm min−1 rainfall intensity, natural grass slopes (60%) controlled soil loss very well and were not affected by slope length. At 1.5–2 mm min−1rainfall intensity, the soil erosion increased with slope length, but the overall soil erosion amount was small. This indicates that grass cover at 10 m slope length had a good impact on soil erosion. When the rainfall intensity exceeded 2 mm min−1, soil loss increased with slope length. Regression analysis showed that soil erosion was more strongly related to grass cover and rainfall intensity than to slope length.

In this work, the Lie symmetry theory is used to study the propagation of waves in an elastic string with electric currents in a static magnetic field. Both linear and nonlin- ear cases of the governing equations of string motion are analyzed. The classification problem of finding the principal admitted Lie groups of symmetries is solved. Some invariant analytical solutions are constructed. The physics of invariant solutions is interpreted when it is possible.

The fundamental concern of the present study is to analyze the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) hybrid nanofluid (Carbon-nanotubes and ferrous oxide-water)$ CNT-Fe_{3}O_{4}/H_{2}O$ flow through a horizontal parallel channel having squeezing and dilating porous walls along with thermal radiation. The porous walls of the channel cause the parting motion. The fluid flow is laminar and time-dependent. The channel is asymmetric and the temperature and porosity of the upper and lower walls are different. The concept of hybrid nanofluid is exploited with the combination of nanoparticles of $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ and single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The set of partial differential equations (PDEs) of this mathematical model, governed from momentum and energy equations, are reduced to respective ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using the similarity transformation. To achieve the solutions of governing ODEs, a very common numerical approach called, Runge-Kutta method of order four along with shooting technique is utilized. A computing software MATLAB is used to construct the graphs of temperature and velocity profiles for different emerging parameters. The main findings are summarized at the end of the manuscript.

This study emphasized the computational aspects of the electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flow of Williamson nanofluid with variable viscosity and dissipation effects over a nonlinearly expanding sheet. The viscosity of the fluid depends upon temperature and thermal diffusion. Due to nonlinear expansion of sheet, a solutal and thermal stratification phenomenon are also incorporated. A uitable transformation is applied to the basic mathematical problem to convert the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). An efficient analytical approach known as HAM (homotopy analysis method) is used to achieve the local similar solutions. The attributes of commanding variables, such as the viscosity parameter, Hartman number, Lewis number, Weissenberg number, Brownian motion parameter, stretching index, and stratification parameters are related to velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles through graphs and tables. Convergence table and h-curves are drawn for the optimal solution through HAM. Numerical values are well tabulated for the study of skin-friction and Sherwood numbers against the different parameters.

This paper considers a mathematical model to study the effect of stem cell transplantation on HIV-1 patients. The model was recently proposed by the author. The viral dynamics is described by three ordinary differential equations covering three populations: uninfected T-cells, infected cells and free virus, but, stem cells lineage passes through many stages to become specialized T- cells. The stability of the equilibrium points has been previously analyzed locally. Here we study the global stability. The proposed analysis can help medicine make the right decision about the proposed therapy