Due to the soaring growth of the electric vehicles and grid energy storage markets, the high-safety and high-energy-density battery storage systems are urgent needed. Lithium metal anode with highest theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA·h·g−1) and the lowest electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) is regarded as the ultimate choice for the high energy density batteries. However, its safety problems as well as the low Coulombic efficiency during the Li plating and stripping processes significantly limit the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Recently, Li-containing alloys have demonstrated vital roles in inhibiting lithium dendrite growth, controlling interfacial reactions and enhancing the Coulombic efficiency as well as cycle life. Accordingly, in this perspective, the progresses of lithium alloys for robust, stable and dendrite free anode for rechargeable lithium metal batteries are summarized. The challenges and future focus research of lithium-containing alloys in lithium metal batteries are also discussed.

Under environmental stress plants and algae employ a variety of strategies to avoid damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and maintain photosynthetic capacity. To date, most studies on stress acclimation have focused on model organisms possessing limited tolerance to elevated stress levels. We compared the long-term acclimatory capacities of a mesophilic alga (Chlamydomonas raudensis SAG 49.72; SAG 49.72) and an Antarctic halotolerant psychrophile (Chlamydomonas sp. UWO 241; UWO 241) by monitoring photobiology, cyclic electron flow (CEF) and ROS defense in cultures acclimated to long-term low temperature, high salinity or high light stress. SAG 49.72 responded to long-term stress by increasing chlorophyll a/b ratio and redistributing absorbed light energy from photosystem II (PSII) to photosystem I (PSI). In contrast, the psychrophile exhibited faster half times for P700+ re-reduction under all treatments, suggesting high CEF rates. High CEF was accompanied by increased capacity for nonphotochemical quenching. Last, UWO 241 exhibited constitutively high activity of two key ascorbate cycle enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, as well as a large ascorbate pool. Our results suggest that UWO 241 relies on high PSI-mediated CEF and ROS detoxification to protect the photosynthetic apparatus while minimizing energy expenditure on repairs.

The production of recombinant proteins usually reduces cell fitness and the growth rate of producing cells. The growth disadvantage favors faster-growing non-producer mutants. Therefore, continuous bioprocessing is hardly feasible in Escherichia coli due to the high escape rate. We investigated the stability of E. coli expression systems under long-term production conditions and how metabolic load triggered by recombinant gene expression influences the characteristics of mutations. We conducted iterated fed-batch-like microbioreactor cultivations under production conditions. We used the easy-to-produce green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a challenging antigen-binding fragment (Fab) as model proteins, and BL21(DE3) and BL21Q strains as expression hosts. In comparative whole genome sequencing analyses, we identified mutations that allowed cells to grow unhindered despite recombinant protein production. A T7 RNA polymerase expression system is only conditionally suitable for long-term cultivation under production conditions. Mutations leading to non-producers occur in either the T7 RNA polymerase gene or the T7 promoter. The host RNA polymerase-based BL21Q expression system remained stable in the production of GFP in long-term cultivations. For the production of Fab, mutations in lacI of the BL21Q derivatives had positive effects on long-term stability. Our results indicate that adaptive evolution carried out with genome-integrated E. coli expression systems in microtiter cultivations under industrial relevant production conditions is an efficient strain development tool for production hosts.

Rabies is a viral disease that causes severe neurological manifestations both in humans and mammals. Although inactivated and/or attenuated vaccines have been developed and widely used around the world, there are still concerns with regard to their safety, efficacy, and costs. As demand has grown for a new rabies vaccine, we have developed a new vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) based rabies vaccine that replaces glycoproteins with rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (GP), or so-called VSV/RABV-GP. The generation of VSV/RABV-GP was evaluated with GP-specific antibodies and reduced transduction with GP-specific neutralizing antibodies. Mice immunized with VSV/RABV-GP produced higher levels of both IgM and IgG antibodies compared to inactivated RABV. The secretion profiles of IgG1 and IgG2a production suggested that VSV/RAVB-GP induces the T helper cell type-2 immune bias. In addition, VSV/RAVB-GP immunization produced a neutralizing antibody of 103.37 IU/mL. Our results confirm that VSV/RABV-GP could be a new potential vaccination platform for RABV.

2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV seriously threatened human health. In order to know the genetic relations of the two dangerous clades and genetic mechanism of origin of 2019-nCoV, we compared whole genomic sequences of SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV clades, and dissected phylogenetic histories of them. To our surprise, we found that the two clades may frequently exchange their genetic materials through homologous recombination in recent decades, resulting in 2019-nCoV and its sister branch represented by CoVZC45. Particularly the 2019-nCoV lineage might thereby acquire the receptor-binding domain from the SARS-CoV clade, enabling it to make use of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as well and thus spread rapidly in humans. Our findings suggest the accomplice role of a virus of SARS-CoV clade in COVID-19 and warn of the possible emergence of more mosaic CoVs capable of launching severe epidemic.

The use of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) for intraoperative cardiopulmonary support during lung transplantation has been increasing in the recent years. Our group previously described a novel hybrid extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit for use in lung transplantation. Our novel technique for intraoperative management of this circuit during lung transplantation is described.

Laccases are oxidoreductases with the outstanding ability to oxidize phenolic and non-phenolic substrates coupled to the reduction of O2 to H2O. Among them, bacterial enzymes are suitable biocatalysts for application in industrial processes under harsh conditions. However, to be active on high redox potential substrates, bacterial laccases requires of redox mediators: electron carriers between the laccase and other compounds not directly oxidizable by the enzyme. Here we demonstrate that β-(10-phenothiazyl)-propionic acid can be used as an efficient and low-cost redox mediator for decolorization of synthetic dyes by bacterial laccases. Using this laccase-mediator system, more than 80% of Indigo Carmine and Malachite Green decolorization was reached after 1 h or 2 h of incubation, respectively, both at pH 8 and in tap water (pH 6.8). Furthermore, more than 40% of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and 80% of Xylidine ponceau were decolorized after 5 h at pH 8 and 50°C. In addition, we showed this system supports at least 3 decoloration cycles without loss of activity, representing a promising biological process for cost-effective and environmentally friendly decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes and for other industrial applications of laccases requiring neutral or alkaline pH.

Purpose: Depict an accurate 5D (x, y, z, Time flow dimension) model for medical decision medical. The time-dependent instantaneous pressure gradient across the aorta proposed advanced measures for the detection of severe stenosis (Flow rate, Reynolds Number, velocity …) Methods: A 74 cardiac MRI scan was performed and 3057 images for a patient aged 10 years, with a record of congenital valve and valvular aortic stenosis in tight MRI and coarctation (operated and then dilated) in the context of shone syndrome. Results: The occlusion rate was estimated of 80.5%. The stenosis zone is assessed about 15mm and extended over 10 mm. The fluid solver (NS) extract a negative pressure value of -3,735 e005 [Pa], a remarkable fall of the flux mass was detected with -0,0050 (kg / s) during the first 10 iterations, as well as high blood turbulence in vortex field lines and low geometry Reynolds cells. The fifth dimension was treated separately to analyze velocity at the aortic valve with shone syndrome for negative velocity identification (-81.4 cm / s). Conclusion: The results of 5D aortic modeling are considered promising with its representation of its physical and anatomical properties.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is effective but hampered by pulmonary veins reconnection due to insufficient lesions. High power shorter duration ablation (HPSD) seen to increase efficacy and safety. This analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical benefits of HPSD in patients with AF. Methods: The Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing HPSD and Low power longer duration (LPLD) ablation. Results: A total of seven trials with 2023 patients were included in the analysis. Pooled analyses demonstrated that HPSD showed a benefit of first-pass pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) [risk ratio (RR): 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–1.37, P < 0.001]. HPSD could reduce recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50–0.98, P = 0.04). Additionally, HPSD was more beneficial in terms of procedural time [Weighted Mean Difference, (WMD): −44.62; 95% CI, −63.00 to −26.23, P < 0.001], ablation time (WMD: −21.25; 95% CI: −25.36 to −17.13, P < 0.001), and fluoroscopy time (WMD: −4.13; 95% CI: −7.52 to −0.74, P < 0.001). Moreover, major complications and esophageal thermal injury (ETI) were similar between two groups (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.44–1.30, P = 0.31) and (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.17–2.39, P = 0.51). Conclusion: HPSD was safe and efficient for treating AF with clear advantages of procedural features, it also showed benefits of higher first-pass PVI and reducing recurrence of atrial arrhythmias compared with the LPLA. Moreover, major complications and ETI were similar between two groups.

Objectives To determine the perceived threats, psychological stress and economic concerns among practicing otolaryngologists in low and middle income countries facing the furry of COVID-19 pandemic, exposing the soft underbelly of healthcare systems in resource limited economies. Design A cross sectional anonymous, self-reported questionnaire-based study was carried out among otolaryngologists in India over a period of 3 weeks during the countrywide lock-down. Setting An online platform was used to host a questionnaire, publicized using various social media platforms. Participants A total of 178 participants landed on the page, 73 were excluded at the first question itself, in all 105 otolaryngologists, who were allowed to proceed, completed the questionnaire. Main Outcomes and Measures There are clear indications of psychological stress among the practicing otolaryngologists. Main reasons being anxiety about risk of infection from patients for self, staff members and family, and economic impact of the increased protective measures needed in view of pandemic. Results Out of the 105 Otolaryngologists who completed the survey, 57 (52.8%) were from private sector. Significantly (p=0.001) higher number of private doctors (66.7%) feared about escalated cost of running out-patient clinics compared to government doctors (33.3%). Majority (80.8%) were against routine surgeries during pandemic and difference between private and government doctors was not significant (p=0.765). Increased stress during this pandemic was perceived by 73.1%. Conclusions It can be safely concluded based on this survey based study that to alleviate fears of otolaryngologists in low middle income countries; a comprehensive policy intervention is the need of the hour.

Objectives：To analyze the factors affecting the long-term prognosis of tinnitus accompanied with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Design：A cohort study. Setting：Academic hospital. Participants：A total of 161 patients with sudden hearing loss accompanied by tinnitus were enrolled. All the patients had two separate telephone follow-ups and were asked about changes in tinnitus. Main outcome measures：The severity of tinnitus at admission and the outcome at discharge were assessed in terms of the patients’ sex, age, level of hearing loss, type of audiogram, and so on. Results and Conclusions：Initial tinnitus level was remarkably associated with tinnitus efficacy at discharge and was an independent risk factor for the long-term prognosis of residual tinnitus after SSNHL (odds ratio 0.722, 95% confidence interval 0.550-0.949, p = 0.019), and the median recovery time was 23.00 ± 3.80 months.

The Agnano thermal spring water (ATSW) is mainly a salso-bromo-iodic-bicarbonate-alkaline-sulphurous water. Since ancient time, the benefits of thermal spring water in the treatment of various diseases have been known. Today it is known that thermal spring water acts effectively on various physiological and pathological processes such as skin regeneration, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and bone illnesses and most of these beneficial effects depend on the chemical and physical properties of water. However, all the benefits of thermal spring water may not be fully explained only by its mineral composition. In this regard, it is known that non-pathogenic bacterial populations play an active role in various processes in the ecological and biological fields. The aim of the present study is the microbiological characterization of ATSW through the use of two distinct methods in order to determine the total viable bacterial community.

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a halophytic turfgrass and emerging genomic model system for the study of salt tolerance in cereals and other grasses. Despite recent interest and an increase in available tools, little is known about the diversity present in wild populations of P. vaginatum and its close relative P. distichum. Variation in ploidy, clonal propagation, hybridization, and subgenome composition appear to occur in the wild and may interact to influence geographic patterns of adaptation, particularly in response to environmental salinity levels. Using 218 accessions representing >170 wild collections from throughout the coastal southern United States plus existing USDA germplasm, we employed genotyping-by-sequencing, cpDNA sequencing and flow cytometry to identify genetic differentiation and ploidy variation. Within P. vaginatum, there are two morphologically distinct ecotypes: the fine-textured ecotype is diploid and appears to reproduce in the wild both sexually and by clonal propagation; in contrast, the coarse-textured ecotype consists largely of clonally-propagating triploid and diploid genotypes. The coarse-textured ecotype appears to be derived from hybridization between fine-textured P. vaginatum and an unidentified Paspalum species. These clonally propagating hybrid genotypes are more broadly distributed than clonal fine-textured genotypes and may represent a transition to a more generalist adaptive strategy. The triploid genotypes vary in whether they carry one or two copies of the P. vaginatum subgenome, indicating multiple evolutionary origins. This variation in subgenome composition shows associations with local ocean salinity levels across the sampled populations and may play a role in local adaptation.

Background: Change in airway resistance and inflammation are the two most commonly accused pathogenetic processes in the coexistence of asthma and obesity. The aim of this study was to compare airway resistance between normal weight and overweight/obese children using impulse oscillometry (IOS). Methods: We consecutively enrolled 3 to 10-year-old children with asthma who presented to our department between May and August 2018. Ones with a body mass index percentile at or above 85th percentile were grouped as overweight/obese. Sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex and family history of allergy were recorded and Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids (TRACK) was filled in for all. Finally, impulse oscillometric (IOS) measurements were taken. Results: We enrolled 170 subjects; among which 114 (67.1%) were normal weight while 56 (33%) were overweight/obese. Sociodemographic characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups, but asthma control was significantly worse in the overweight/obese group (75.9±21.1 vs 85.9±17.8, p=0.001). Impulse oscillometric measurements of resistance and reactance were nor significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Asthma control in children who are overweight or obese are worse compared to the normal weight ones but, airway resistance and reactance measured by IOS at different frequencies are not significantly different between these two groups. This implies that airway resistance change may not the main pathogenetic mechanism underlying the uncontrolled asthma and obesity coexistence.

Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) compounds are used to detect nodal metastases in various types of cancer. A benign mixed tumor was evaluated with MRI including USPIO and prior to surgery. USPIO were significantly concentrated in the lesion.

Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts are usually asymptomatic being often diagnosed in young adults. We present a case of a 2-year-old boy in severe respiratory distress due to a large mediastinal cyst that underwent urgent ultrasound-guided percutaneous decompression followed by planned strictly thoracoscopic excision. This unique report highlights that bronchogenic cysts may develop acute compressive symptoms requiring prompt drainage, which enables elective resection; and that both procecedures can be accomplished successfully by fully minimally invasive techniques.

Acute pulmonary exacerbation (APE) in CF is characterized by increased pulmonary symptoms attributed to an increase in inflammation. Antimicrobials, airway clearance and nutritional support remain the mainstay of therapy. However, when patients fail to improve, corticosteroids have been reported as an adjunct therapy. We retrospectively examined the use of rescue steroids in a children’s hospital during CF APE following at least one week of inpatient therapy without expected improvement from 2013 - 2017. 106 encounters, of 53 unique patients: aged 6-20 years; who had FEV1 percent predicted (FEV1pp) data at baseline, admission, midpoint, and discharge; and had admission duration of at least 12 days were studied. Encounters treated with steroids had less improvement at midpoint percent change from admission in FEV1pp (4.9, ±11.3) than admissions not given steroids change in FEV1pp=20.1, ±24.6; p-value<0.001. Failure to improve as expected was documented 98% of the time as the rationale for steroid use. At discharge, there was no difference in mean FEV1pp (p=0.76). Propensity matching was also evaluated and revealed no difference in admission, midpoint, or discharge FEV1pp between groups. Equally, no difference in FEV1pp at follow-up visit or in time until next APE was detected between groups. Moreover, delay in steroid therapy by waiting until the end of the second week increased length of stay. Secondary analysis for associations including gender, genotype, fungal colonization, or inhaled antimicrobials were non-significant. Our data suggest rescue use of corticosteroids during APE does not predictably impact important outcome measures in CF APE.

We describe results from a panel study in which pigs from a 17-sow African swine fever (ASF) positive herd in Thái Bình province, Vietnam were followed over time to record the date of onset of ASF signs and the date of death from ASF. Our objectives were to: (1) fit a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed disease model to the data with transmission coefficients estimated using Approximate Bayesian Computation; and (2) provide commentary on how a model of this type might be used to provide decision support for disease control authorities For the outbreak in this herd the median of the average latent period was 10 days (95% HPD [highest posterior density interval]: 2 to 19 days) and the median of the average duration of infectiousness was 3 days (95% HPD: 2 to 4 days). The estimated median for the transmission coefficient was 3.3 (95% HPD: 0.4 to 8.9) infectious contacts per ASF-infectious pig per day. The estimated median for the basic reproductive number, R0, was 10 (95% HPD: 1.1 to 30). Our estimates of the basic reproductive number R0 were greater than estimates of R0 for ASF reported previously. The results presented in this study may be used to estimate the number of pigs expected to be showing clinical signs at a given number of days following an estimated incursion date. This will allow sample size calculations, with or without adjustment to account for less than perfect sensitivity of clinical examination, to be used to determine the appropriate number of pigs to examine to detect at least one with disease. A second use of the results of this study would be to inform the equation-based within-herd spread components of stochastic agent based and hybrid simulation models of ASF.

Background and Purpose Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the progressive deterioration of this disease. Previous studies have shown that sinapic acid has a neuroprotective effect, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Experimental Approach The neuroprotective effect of sinapic acid was assayed in a PD mouse model generated by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), as well as in SH-SY5Y cells. Target protein expression was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Key Results Sinapic acid treatment attenuated the behavioural defects and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP mouse model of PD. Sinapic acid also improved mitochondrial function in MPTP-treated mice, as indicated by diminished mitochondrial swelling and increased mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity. MPTP treatment increased the abundance of mitochondrial fission proteins such as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and phospho-Drp1 Ser616, while sinapic acid treatment attenuated abnormal mitochondrial fission. In addition, MPTP decreased the expression of REV-ERB α protein, whereas sinapic acid increased its expression. To elucidate the molecular mechanism linking REV-ERB α and mitochondrial fission, we used the pharmacological REV-ERB α inhibitor SR8278. Sinapic acid and SR8278 co-treatment reversed phospho-Drp1 Ser616 protein expression and the protective effect of sinapic acid in MPTP-treated mice. Conclusion and Implications Our findings demonstrated that sinapic acid protects against MPTP-induced PD by inhibiting abnormal mitochondrial fission through REV-ERB α.

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by MERS-CoV. To explore the conservation of non-coding 5’-UTR of MERS-CoV and its implication in epidermiology, 5’-UTRs from 252 human MERS-CoV and 207 camel and dromedary camel MERS-CoV were analyzed. We identified two conserved pyrimidine nucleotides that flank identical UAAU element in the loop of stem loop 2 of MERS-CoV 5’-UTR. These conserved pyrimidine nucleotides can be used as a novel genetic signature to re-genotype MERS-CoV into 3 types, i.e. U—-U, C—-U, and C—-C type viruses. Human MERS-CoV displays a genetic drift from U—-U, C—-U, to C—-C during period of 2012-2019. Camel virus only displayed a genetic drift from U—-U to C—-U, particularly in a delayed way when compared with human virus. The discrepancy in genetic drift suggests that camel may not necessarily be the natural reservior for human infection.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe pathophysiological condition characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and continuous increase in pulmonary artery pressure, which eventually develops to right heart failure and death. Though newly discovered and incredible treatment strategies in recent years have improved the prognosis of PH, the fact that limited types of effective and economical drugs for PH is available still makes it as a life-threatening disease. Some drugs from Chinese Materia Medica are traditionally applied in treating lung diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) derived from those medicines have brought prospective future for prevention and treatment of PH. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological effects of APIs derived from CMM which is potent in treating PH, aiming at bringing new ideas in initial drug discovery and identification of potential therapeutic strategies in alternative medicine for PH.

Objective: To compare mothers’ satisfaction at birth and intrapartum care during COVID-19 pandemic compared to a pre-COVID cohort. Design: Prospective cohort study Setting: Low risk maternity unit in Northern Italy Population: Women who delivered during COVID-19 pandemic compared to a pre-COVID cohort recruited in the same setting in February-May, 2018. Methods: Italian version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (I-BSS-R) was used. Main Outcome Measures: Satisfaction at birth in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history and intrapartum care variables. Results: 377 women were included (277 pre-COVID and 100 during COVID pandemic). A higher rate of induction [40%, COVID versus 25% pre-COVID, p 0.004], fewer active phases >12 h [6% COVID versus 15% pre-COVID, p 0.018] and more acceleration with oxytocin [35% COVID versus 24.9% pre-COVID, p 0.05] were found. No differences in terms of satisfaction at birth were reported (I-BSS-R mean 27.0, SD 5.3 versus mean 27.6, SD 6.1, p 0.34). Intrapartum variables that significantly reduced maternal satisfaction were the same in the two groups: epidural analgesia (p< 0.0001 in both groups), prolonged active phases (p < 0.0001 in both), oxytocin administration (p<0.0001 in both) and operative delivery (p 0.0009 versus p 0.0019). The lowest scores in COVID era were found in those who underwent induction of labor, active phases >12 h and CS in labor. Conclusions: No differences were reported concerning global satisfaction at birth, despite an increased rate of active intrapartum intervention. Keywords: Childbirth experience, COVID-19, intrapartum intervention

Soil aggregate stability (SAS) is a significant indicator of soil structure stability, soil quality and soil erosion, however, very few researches have concentrated on SAS in the Qilian Mountains, China. In this research, three main vegetation types, desert grassland, steppe and meadow were taken as the research object. The characteristics of indices of SAS including water-stable aggregate (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) under different vegetation types, different soil depths, and different altitudes were studied. The results showed that SAS was greatest in meadow, followed by steppe and desert grassland. Generally, SAS decreased with the increasing of soil depths, however, only this decrease in meadow were significant. Two-way ANOVA results showed effects of vegetation types were more powerful than soil depths. Soil aggregate stability increased initially and then decreased with altitude under the same vegetation types. The strongest stability occurred at 2600, 2739 and 2971 m, respectively, in desert grassland, steppe and meadow with the corresponding range of altitudes of 1692~3522, 1696~3257 and 2965~3579 m in this research. In addition, the relationship between soil aggregate stability and environment factors showed that there were significantly (P<0.01) positive relationships between soil aggregate stability and mean annual precipitation, soil organic carbon and macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm). The present study provides insight into the assessment of soil quality and the sustainable development in this region.

The peach fruit moth (PFM), Carposina sasakii Matsumura, is a major phytophagous orchard pest widely distributed across Northeast Asia. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome for the PFM, representing the first genome for the family Carposinidae, from the lepidopteran superfamily Copromorphoidea. The genome was assembled into 404.83 Mb sequences using PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequences, including 275 contigs, with a contig N50 length of 2.62 Mb. All contigs were assembled into 32 linkage groups assisted by the Hi-C technique, including 30 autosomes, a female specific W chromosome and a Z chromosome. BUSCO analysis showed that 98.2% genes were complete and 0.4% of genes were fragmented, while 1.4% of genes were missing in the assembled genome. In total, 23,218 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 82.72% were functionally annotated. Because of the importance of diapause triggered by photoperiod in PFM, five circadian genes in the PFM as well as in the other related species were annotated, and potential genes related to diapause and photoperiodic reaction were also identified from transcriptome sequencing. In addition, manual annotation of detoxification gene families was undertaken and showed a higher number of ABC and GST genes in PFM than in most other lepidopterans, in contrast to a lower number of UGT genes, suggesting different detoxication pathways in this moth. The high-quality genome provides a resource for comparative evolutionary studies of this moth and its relatives within the context of radiations across Lepidoptera.