Ru-based catalysts show high activity and stability to produce ammonia. Herein, the two-state reaction mechanism of Ru catalyzes N2 and H2 to synthesize NH3 are theoretical studied with the density functional theory(DFT)UB3LYP methods. The spin-orbital coupling constant(Hsoc) and intersystem crossing probability(Pisc) at minimum energy crossing point(MECP) were calculated, respectively. its are: Hsoc,MECP1=508.34cm-1，P2,MECP1ISC=0.85，MECP2：Hsoc,MECP2=269.21cm-1， P2,MECP2ISC=0.27. Used energy span model to determined TOF-determining transition state(TDTS) as 3TS2-3 and TOF-determining intermediate(TDI) as 3IM9 of reaction.In addition, the charge decomposition analysis(CDA), spin population analysis and frontier molecular orbital(FMO) theory were used to analyzed reaction mechanism.

Objective: Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with KMT2A rearrangement is seen in 15-20% of patients. KMT2A has been shown to rearrange with more than 80 distinct partner genes. In this study we examined the pattern of the various KMT2A rearrangements and their treatment outcomes in our patient population. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric AML patients with KMT2A rearrangement seen in our institution between January 2005 and December 2015. Results: There were 18 evaluable patients with equal genders. The median age was 4.12 years (range 0-13.5). FAB classification M5 was the most common morphology. Common translocation partner was KMT2A/MLLT3. Ten patients were treated with chemotherapy only and 8 with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There were 50% patients alive in each group. Conclusion: KMT2A patients can be treated with both chemotherapy and HSCT. The different fusion partners can lead to heterogeneous outcomes in children with KMT2A rearranged AML. Further prospective studies are needed to delineate the high-risk sub-sets in KMT2A rearranged AML that will benefit from HSCT.

Background and Aims: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) related aortopathy has been a controversial issue in the past few years. Most of the researches focused on BAV with dilated ascending aorta after aortic valve replacement (AVR), but there were limited documents of patients with the normal-sized proximal aorta. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients undergoing AVR in our institution and evaluated the progression of the unreplaced ascending aorta in a relatively long term follow-up. Methods: In our institution, 165 patients were consecutively recruited from July 2004 to December 2017. Detailed perioperative information and follow-up data were comprehensively collected and quantitatively analyzed. Results: 48 patients (29.1%) had BAV, while TAV was found in 117 patients. A significant difference was observed in diameters of ascending aorta at baseline between BAV and TAV group (37.5 ±4.2mm vs 35.1 ±4.4mm; p=0.001). The overall survival rates were 89% and 95.8% at 10 years postoperatively in BAV versus TAV group (Plog rank=0.138). Only 1 patient suffered an aortic dissection and underwent proximal aortic surgery. No difference in the progression of ascending aorta (0.8±4.7mm vs 0.6±3.5mm, p=0.821) was observed. The diameter of ascending aorta at baseline was a significant predictor of progression in ascending aorta. Conclusions: BAV patients with a normal-sized ascending aorta have a considerable low incidence of late adverse aortic events after AVR. Meanwhile, the progression of the unreplaced ascending aorta in BAV patients is not different from that in TAV patients.

Objective First, to estimate the preventive and the curative effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT) on menopausal symptoms, and secondly to estimate the sensitivity of a woman to identify the exposure to postmenopausal hormone therapy. Design Randomised and blinded trial Setting Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Trial in Estonia (EPHT), 1999-2002 Participants 593 women who responded to the relevant questions both at the entry and one-year follow-up questionnaires in the blind sub-trial Intervention HT or placebo at entry in women with or without menopausal symptoms Results The participants were asked in the questionnaires the presence of the menopausal symptoms of sweating, hot flushes and sleeping disorders, and at one-year follow-up to identify the exposure (HT or placebo). The net curative effect of HT (the proportion of disappeared symptoms in symptomatic women in the HT arm (46.4%) minus the same proportion in the placebo arm (25.8%) was 20.6%. The net preventive effect of HT (the proportion of incident symptoms in asymptomatic women in the placebo arm, 44.4%, minus the same proportion in the HT arm, 14.3%) was 30.1%. At one-year follow-up 34.6% of the women in the HT arm made a right guess on their arm. The net sensitivity of guessing the HT (right guess on HT minus wrong guess on placebo) was 15.8%. Conclusions The true HT effect on menopausal symptoms was relatively small. The clinical practice may need to further consider the benefit harm ratio of PHT [ISRCTN35338757].

A high concentration of oxalate is associated with an increased risk of kidney calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones. Because humans lack enzymes that metabolize oxalate, the degradation of exogenous oxalate mainly depends on oxalate-degrading enzymes from the intestinal microbiome. Epidemiologic cohort studies have demonstrated that the imbalance of intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria caused by antibiotics is closely linked to the occurrence and formation of CaOx implicated renal stones, but the mechanism of action remains poorly characterized. Here, based on clinical sample analysis, we report that the imbalance of Lactobacillus and oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) is involved in CaOx kidney stones. Next, by analyzing the crystal structure of OxDC derived from L. farciminis, we reveal the mechanism of oxalate metabolism. Finally, through experiments in vivo and in vitro, we identify that Zn2+ can be used as an external factor to improve the activity of OxDC and protect Lactobacillus, confirming the preventive effect of Zn2+ on stones aggravated by antibiotics. Collectively, our findings illustrate the association of CaOx stones, Lactobacillus and OxDC, and provide some new recommendations for the prevention of CaOx kidney stones.

Background: The benefits of human-animal interaction in healthcare are widely accepted, and utilized to aid in stressors of illness. However, risk of zoonotic infection from animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is less well studied. Policies around AAT in pediatric hospitals, particularly with regard to immunocompromised patients, vary widely due to lack of evidence-based guidelines. Therefore, we aimed to identify zoonoses in our hematology/oncology patients who received AAT. Procedure: We retrospectively reviewed hematology/oncology patients admitted at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland between May 2018 and September 2019 that received AAT and compared this cohort to prior admissions starting November 2013 when AAT was not received. Clinical outcomes including length of stay, number of blood cultures, number of positive blood cultures, organisms identified, and C. difficile infection were compared for patient admissions where AAT was and was not received to determine potential zoonotic infection. Results: A total of 666 admissions occurred during the allotted time period including 310 admissions with standard and 56 admissions with strict immune precautions. There was no hospital acquired zoonotic bloodstream infection and no increase in C. difficile infection in those with standard or strict immune precautions receiving AAT compared to those admissions when not receiving AAT. Conclusion: There was no increase in zoonotic infection in immunocompromised pediatric hematology/oncology patients receiving AAT. Though further validation is required, liberalization of hospital infection control practice to allow AAT for immunocompromised pediatric patients appears safe as long as routine hygienic practice is strictly followed and patients monitored for potential increase in zoonotic infection.

Proximilisation of Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) necessitates the ligation and reimplantation of the left subclavian artery (LSA), the origin of which is distal and posterior, make rerouting difficult and cumbersome. We describe a rather simple technique for subclavian artery exposure and effective anatomical reconstruction in the mediastinum coupled with hybrid FET utilisation for aortic aneurysm in elective and non-elective settings. The division of the sternocleidomastoid coupled with the sandbag behind the left shoulder brings the LSA superficial enabling anastomosis without any difficulty.

Alpine meadow plants, which are adapted to humid and cold environments, are more sensitive to environmental factors such as drought and high temperatures. However, excluding species competition, the physiological responses of individual alpine meadow species to drought and heat stress remain unclear. In this study, four representative species of typical functional groups in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were selected as experimental materials. Heat (H1, H2), drought (D1, D2), and combined heat and drought stress (D1H1, D2H2) treatments were implemented to reveal the physiological characteristics’ response to a constant drought and heat environment. Our results showed that the leaf water content (LWC) of Kobresia humilis and Poa annua increased significantly under heat stress and the compound heat and drought stress (P<0.05). Additionally, the aboveground biomass (AGB) of Oxytropis ochrocephala and Saussurea pulchra decreased significantly under compound stress (P<0.05). The response patterns of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of K. humilis and P. annua under various stress treatments were similar; as were those of O. ochrocephala and S. pulchra. The stomatal conductance (Gs) variation in K. humilis, P. annua, O. ochrocephala, and S. pulchra were the same under three kinds of stress treatments. The photosynthetic characteristics were more sensitive to the effects of composite than of single factors. The drought × heat × species treatment had a significant influence on various indexes except on height and the belowground biomass (P<0.01). Within a certain range, daytime temperature (DT) promoted the height and increased the LWC of the plants, while it inhibited their AGB and intercellular CO2 concentration. The Pn, Tr, and Gs were more sensitive to soil moisture than to DT. Our results help improve understanding of the physiological response regularity of representative alpine meadow plant species to continuous drought and high temperature conditions.

A female with hemophilia had undergone bilateral total knee arthroplasty. She had a history of numerous hemorrhages. After further investigations, the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease type 2N confirmed. The von Willebrand disease, rare bleeding disorders, and severe platelet disorders are the differential diagnoses for hemophilia A

The Himalayan red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is of special interest in evolutionary studies due to its taxonomic uniqueness. Globally, Nepal represents the Westernmost edge of the red panda distribution. Fewer studies of red panda have been carried out which hinders the implementation of effective conservation actions of the species. We aim to determine important habitat features influencing the distribution of red panda and recommend possible habitat corridors. We conducted an extensive field survey and analyzed red panda presence data, key food resources (bamboo), and bioclimatic variables to build a Maxent habitat model and determine habitat requirements of the red panda. Himalayan red pandas were confined between the range of 2600 m - 3,600 m, with most records between 3250 m - 3400 m on the north and west-facing slopes. The potentially suitable habitat of the red panda in Western Nepal is estimated to be about 3,222 km2 with a relative abundance of 3.34 signs/km. Important habitat attributes for red panda occurrence include aspects, canopy cover, bamboo cover, and distance to water. Combining species habitat requirements and disturbance factors (human footprint), we suggested five potential biological corridors in Western Nepal. Western Nepal has suitable habitat attributes for the red panda distributions. Ecological variables such as canopy cover, bamboo cover, distance to the water, and aspects are important attributes for red panda occurrence in Western Nepal alike Central Nepal. We suggested five potential corridors in Western Nepal; however, due to a lack of detailed knowledge on corridors and connectivity, a comprehensive field-based assessment is required to validate it scientifically. Keywords: Biological Corridor; Distribution; Habitat requirements; Red panda

Letter to the Editor, BJOG Exchange

Arachnids are the most abundant land predators. Despite the importance of their functional roles as predators and the of necessity to understand their diet for conservation and nutrient fluxes, the trophic ecology of many arachnid species is not fully understood. In the case of the wandering spider, Phoneutria boliviensis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, only selected field and laboratory observational studies about their diet exist. By using a DNA metabarcoding approach, we compared the prey found in the gut content of males and females from three distant Colombian populations of P. boliviensis. By DNA metabarcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), we detected and identified 234 prey records belonging to 96 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), as prey for this wandering predator. Our results broaden the known diet of P. boliviensis with at least 75 prey taxa not previously registered in fieldwork or laboratory experimental trials. These results suggest that P. boliviensis feeds predominantly on invertebrates (Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Orthoptera) and opportunistically on small squamates. Intersex and interpopulation differences are observed. Assuming that prey preference does not vary between populations, these differences are likely associated with a higher local prey availability. Finally, we suggest that DNA metabarcoding can be used for evaluating subtle differences in the diet of distinct populations of P. boliviensis, particularly when predation records in the field cannot be established or quantified using direct observation

This short paper shows why the COVID-19 pandemic was avoidable. Based on past lessons learnt from experiences of SARS and of MERS, WHO should have advised airborne precautions against COVID-19.

Differential equations of second order with impulses at random moments are set up and investigated in this paper. The main characteristic of the studied equations is that the impulses occur at random moments which are exponentially distributed random variables. The presence of random variables in the ordinary differential equation leads to a total change of the behavior of the solution. It is not a function as in the case of deterministic equations, it is a stochastic process. It requires combining of the results in Theory of Differential Equations and Probability Theory. The initial value problem is set up in appropriate way. Sample path solutions are defined as a solutions of ordinary differential equations with determined fixed moments of impulses. P-moment generalized exponential stability is defined and some sufficient conditions for this type of stability are obtained. The study is based on the application of Lyapunov functions. The results are illustrated on example.

L-ornithine is a basic amino acid, which shows significant value in food and medicine industries. There is a huge space for L-ornithine production with strains available for metabolic engineering, and it is urgent to develop a high-efficiency engineering strain for industrialization. Here, xylose isomerase and xylulose kinase were introduced into Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 to establish xylose metabolism pathway, and then xylose became a substitute carbon source of glucose. In addition, the optimization and overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pentose transporter have been conducted to promote the synthesis of L-ornithine for the first time. Furthermore, though optimizing the concentration ratio of glucose and xylose (7:3), adding biotin and thiamine hydrochloride, we arrived at the highest L-ornithine yield 41.5g/L in shaking flask fermentation so far. Our results demonstrate that the combination of metabolic engineering and the optimization of fermentation process can make great potential for L-ornithine production by lignocellulose hydrolysate.

Background/Objectives: Adults with heart failure (HF) have high prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA). While this has been repeatedly investigated in adults, there is a deficiency of similar research in the pediatric population. The goal of this study was to compare prevalence of CSA in children with and without HF and correlate central apnea events with heart function. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from children with and without HF was conducted. Eligible children were <18 years old with echocardiogram and polysomnogram within 6 months of each other. Children were separated into groups with and without HF and groups with and without elevated central apnea index (CAI) for comparative study. Results: 120 children (+HF:19, -HF:101) were included. The +HF group was younger, with higher prevalence of trisomy 21, muscular dystrophy, oromotor incoordination, and structural heart disease and lower Apnea Hypopnea Index and lower CAI. Prevalence of CSA was similar in both the groups. LogCAI was inversely correlated to age at time of sleep study. Children with elevated CAI were younger and had higher prevalence of prematurity. There was no difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between groups with and without elevated CAI. Conclusion: In contrast to adults, after adjusting for age, there is no difference in frequency of central apneic events in children with and without heart failure. Unlike in adults, LVEF does not correlate with CAI in children. Overall, it appears that CAI may be more a function of age rather than of heart function in the pediatric population.

Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. (Poaceae) is the dominant plant species in the Songnen grassland of China. Nitrogen addition is an important measure to prevent degradation of grassland due to soil salinization. To clarify the effects of long-term nitrogen addition on the quality of L. chinensis and soil properties, a field experiment was continuous conducted for 10 years in moderately saline-sodic grassland from 2009 to 2018, and the annual nitrogen addition rate was 0，30，60，90，120，150，180 and 210 kg N ha-1, respectively. The results showed that with nitrogen addition rates increasing, the contents of protein and fat in shoot increased 20.5% to 80.9% and 6.9% to 69.3% compared with those of the control without nitrogen addition, respectively. When nitrogen addition rates reached 90 kg ha-1 to 210 kg ha-1, The ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ in L. chinensis shoot increased 1.26 to 3.37 times and 1.56 to 2.98 times compared with those of the control, respectively. Nitrogen addition decreased significantly soil pH, electrical conductivity and exchange sodium percentage, and increased significantly the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, the activities of sucrase and urease and ecosystem multifunctionality(P＜0.05). The redundancy analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the improvement of L. chinensis quality and soil desalination and soil fertility increasing. Therefore, the suitable nitrogen addition rate of 90-120 kg N ha-1 was an effective and necessary measure to maintain the healthy growth of L. chinensis and inhibit land degradation in moderately saline-sodic grassland of Northern China.

A document by Anand Manickavasagam. Click on the document to view its contents.

What is an evidence map and how does it differ from an systematic review?Evidence on the effectiveness or prevalence of a health condition or an environmental exposure and health outcome can be presented in many different ways. In those situations where primary studies are available, it is possible to conduct evidence synthesis using the primary studies based on systematic reviews and  meta-analyses.  In systematic reviews, such syntheses follow the steps of framing an answerable question using the population under consideration, the specific intervention or the exposure, the comparison groups, and the specific outcomes. Beyond identifying the studies and a narrative summary of the key findings, no specific summary statistic of the findings from the primary studies is presented \cite{khan2003five}. In a meta-analysis, on the other hand, in addition to narrative summaries, findings from the primary studies are combined to produce summary estimates; besides, in a meta analysis a formal statistical examination of the biases involved in selecting only those studies that were large in size and had positive outcomes is also conducted -- this is referred to as "publication bias". Further, a meta analysis provides an opportunity to examine how the findings would differ or examination of the relationships between different entities in the analyses, referred to as sensitivity analyses or meta-regression \cite{deeks2019analysing}. In  meta-analysis and systematic review, the analyst aims to collect and process the primary sources and then critically appraise the body of the literature to identify biases in the conduct of the study or whether a cause and effect association can be justified based on the nature of the studies, and also attempts to conduct a narrative or a statistical summary of the key findings. Sometimes this is not necessarily the aim of the research, in particular when information about an exposure and an outcome is emerging on a particular topic. In those circumstances, the strategy is to identify what literature are available out there without necessarily conducting either a full critical appraisal of the body of the literature, or statistically summarising the findings. The goal in these situations is to identify the body of evidence that has accrued and the populations studied, the interventions or the exposures assessed, the comparison groups studied, and the key outcomes. In addition, analysts may also be interested to study the data sources, and other details that are not necessarily the main aims of a formal systematic review. Here, rather the aim is to "map" the "landscape" of the research. This is where an "evidence map" or "evidence gap map" is useful, as these information are useful for the analyst or the researcher to identify "what is out there" and what gaps in the available evidence exists. Hence an evidence map is  about laying the "landscape" of what evidence exists about a research question and they provide a visual overview of existing evidence. A  World Bank document on evidence gap maps states that the idea is to conduct a visual summary of the evidence. In the context of environmental health, defining evidence maps, the journal "Environmental Evidence" states, Systematic Maps are overviews of the distribution and abundance of evidence in relation to multifaceted elements of a broad question of policy or management relevance. The process and rigour of the mapping exercise is the same as for systematic review except that no evidence synthesis is attempted to seek an answer to the question. For example, suppose you are interested to find out what recent evidence exists in terms of heart disease risks of exposure to ambient air pollution in the studies published in the past one year, but you do not want to critically appraise each article or formally synthesise the literature, you can construct an evidence map about how many studies on heart health effects of air pollution were reported in the scholarly literature databases since first January of 2019 (and up to a certain date of your choice, say 31st December 2019), in order to understand the landscape of the current research and then on the basis of your findings, you could construct a visual overview of these topics. These might include for example, how many studies were published on the relationship between ambient air quality and exposure to particulate pollution and people suffering from heart attacks (acute myocardial infarction), how many studies investigated the association between long term exposure to air pollution and ischaemic heart disease.  You would then construct the maps of these various considerations and would be able to obtain a snapshot of the research and policy landscape. What you would not do would be to summarise the results of these studies. That would be the objective of a scoping review rather than an evidence map \cite{munn2018systematic}.  So in summary:An evidence map is a "map" like structure It uses some principles of systematic reviewIt provides a list of articles and resourcesIt provides a visual summary in the form of tables and graphs as to what evidence are available on a particular topicThere is no data analysis or narrative summary of the findings involved unlike that of a scoping reviewThere may  be some quality appraisal, but it is not the main purpose of an evidence map unlike that of systematic review or meta-analysis. In this tutorial, I'd like to present the steps of a rapid evidence map construction. For full details and more detailed work, please review the list of citations and references I have included at the end of this document. Here, we will aim to construct a rapid and "miniaturised" evidence map on an environmental topic. Using the skills of searching literature and some data analyses such as using a spreadsheet or an open source statistical tool such as R or Python, you can construct a visual or knowledge map or evidence map. Steps of constructing an evidence mapStep 1: Frame a PECO or PICO (population, exposure or intervention, comparison group, outcomes) formatted questionThis is the first step.  Develop a question based on the four criteria:P: represents population or people. Who are the human beings or which population will benefit from this question? For example, if you are interested in learning about what evidence exists that exposure to air pollution is associated with increased heart disease risks among elderly, then the population should reflect elderly (those above 65 years old). You can further narrow down the population to mean certain ethnicity (Whites or Maori in New Zealand), or only men or only women, or restrict the age band to above 65 years and below 85 years to exclude the old olds, or those who live in cities and towns and not in villages and so on. E or I: If you are studying the effects of interventions, then the preferred entity would be interventions, otherwise E. Suppose you want to study the effectiveness of improved stoves on respiratory illnesses as improved stoves are known to reduce indoor air pollution  \cite{smith2007monitoring}. Besides, you know that indoor air pollution is a risk factor for heart disease \cite{Fatmi2016}. In that situation, you will use an "intervention". Alternatively, you can also use E or exposure, if all you are interested in studying what are the heart health risks of those who are exposed to air pollution. Comparator or comparison group or C: The comparison group will be in comparison with the exposure. So, if you are studying exposure to air pollution and heart disease among elderly people, then your comparison group will be elderly people who are either NOT exposed to air pollution at all, or if that is not possible to lesser extent of air pollution (this is  perhaps more realistic). If you are studying effectiveness of improved stoves as intervention and reduced heart disease risk in the elderly, then improved stoves is the intervention whose effect you want to study. Your comparison group will be those who do not use improved stoves in the household. O is for outcomesAfter you have defined P, E or I, and C, define the outcomes that you want to study. For example, in our case we want to study what evidence exists in the literature since 2019 about the excess heart disease risk among people who are exposed to air pollution? Outcome for us can be defined in terms of heart disease risk or death from heart disease. This might include acute myocardial infarction (also abbreviated as AMI, or known as heart attack or stroke), or hospital admission with AMI. We have mentioned this as "heart disease". However, the more precise you can be in defining the outcome, the more focused will be your review.Once you have settled on the P, E or I, C, and O, it is time for you to put them together in the form of a table and a question. The question is referred to as PICO (or PECO) question. You accompany this question by developing a table (Table \ref{794788}). To give you an example, we have put together a question and a table for our evidence map of all studies on air pollution and heart disease published since 2019. Here is the PICO formatted question"Compared with those with lower levels of exposure to air pollutants, those who are exposed to higher levels of air pollution, what is the risk of heart disease among older adults?"Here is the accompanying table:

This Supporting Information includes:[Use this section to include additional explanatory text such as an extended technical description of results, full details of mathematical models, etc.]  Corresponding author Email:  xxxxx@xxxx.xxx

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare disease characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, and skin rash. The KFD can be confused with other conditions including lymphoma, autoimmune, and hematological diseases, which can lead to misdiagnosis of KFD as a clinical identity. Another condition can be novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Effect of hydrodynamic heterogeneity on micromixing intensification in a Taylor-Couette flow reactor (TC) with variable configurations of inner cylinder has been investigated by adoption of a parallel competing iodide-iodate reaction system. Two types of inner cylinder, circular inner cylinder and lobed inner cylinder (CTC and LTC), were used to generate hydrodynamic hydrodynamic heterogeneity for comparison of the micromixing intensification, focusing on the effects of the Reynolds number of the TC reactor, the acid concentration, and the feeding time. The Segregation index (Xs) was employed to evaluate the micromixing efficiency. It was revealed that Xs decreases with the increase of Reynolds number and feeding time but increases with the increase of acid concentration for both the CTC and LTC. However, the LTC does present a better micromixing performance at various operating conditions than that of the CTC as affirmed by both the experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results.

Background: Adiponectin is a well-known adipokines with anti-inflammatory effects. Leptin is known as its effect on food intake and energy. Here in present study we aimed to evaluate possible effect of soy supplementation on circulating adiponectin and leptin. Methods: Systematic search performed up to April 2020 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. All RCTs which evaluated the effect soy supplementation on adiponectin and leptin concentration were included. Results: According to our analysis on 14 studies, in overall, soy supplementation had significant effect on adiponectin concentration. Furthermore, soy supplementation has no significant effect on serum leptin concentration, but subgroup analysis showed significant increase in leptin concentration in studies with doses more than 20 g/day of soy supplementation. Conclusion: Soy supplementation has significant increasing effect on adiponectin level. Whilst pooled effect size did not show any significant effect of soy product supplementation on leptin level.

Backgrounds: To investigate the association between assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The data of the 17 infertility patients who were treated with ART between 01 and 11 March 2020 at a Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Unit of a tertiary center were collected retrospectively. The patients were then asked if they were positive for the COVID-19 or had symptoms of the illness. Results: Ovarian stimulation, oocyte pick-up, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection were used for all of the patients. Nine (52.9%) patients’ embryos were transferred and pregnancy was detected in 4 of the 9 patients after the assisted reproductive treatments. At the time of the interview, none of the infertile women had any symptoms of the COVID-19 or a confirmed diagnosis from a positive test result for the COVID-19 nucleic acids by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: When turning to normal practice life, all patients should be evaluated for COVID-19 during pre, per and post-treatment time in order to stop the ART and protect against the cases from the possible side effects of assisted reproductive treatments, especially the possible, but undefined, predisposition factor to COVID-19.