In this article, we proposed a new iterative method for solving time-fractional partial differential equations. This method is a combination of Aboodh transform method and new iterative method which we termed Aboodh transform iterative method. The proposed method requires that the nonlinear term be decomposed using new iterative method without need for constructing homotopy and Adomian polynomial. Some illustrative examples are presented with there solution profiles to display the effect of the fractional order. The fractional derivative is described in Caputo sense.

In this paper, we establish existence and finite time blow up of weak solutions of a parabolic equation of p(x)-Laplacian type with the Dirichlet boundary condition. Moreover, we obtain upper and lower bounds for the blow up time of solutions, by employing concavity method and differential inequality technique respectively.

Background: Although catheter ablation (CA) is an effective treatment for patients with AF and LVSD, the efficacy of an initial cryo-ablation strategy is unknown. This study evaluated long term outcomes of patients with an initial cryo-ablation strategy for AF and LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Methods: Outcomes of patients undergoing index cryoablation for AF from January 2008 until March 2018, with documented pre-ablation LVEF45% were evaluated for long term freedom from AF and change in ventricular function from baseline. Results: 76 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients were predominantly male (80%), aged 63 11yrs, with an average CHADS2 VASc score of 2.66  1.40, baseline LVEF 34  8.7% (ischaemic in 37%) and NYHA class 2.37  0.72. Repeat procedures were performed in 13%. The single procedure success was 70% at 1 year (81% for paroxysmal AF, 65% for persistent AF, 29% for long-standing persistent AF) and at 28  13 months follow up was 43% (50%, 41% and 21% respectively), increasing to 59% allowing for subsequent redo procedure with RF ablation (64%, 57%, and 50% respectively). At follow up, LVEF significantly improved to 46  16% (p<0.001), and NYHA reduced to 1.51  0.66 (p<0.001). Conclusion: An initial strategy of cryoablation in patients with AF and LVSD is an effective approach in the treatment of patients with concurrent AF and LVSD. Larger, randomised prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

Monoclonal antibodies are high value agents used for disease therapy (‘biologic drugs’) or as diagnostic tools which are widely used in the health care sector. They are generally manufactured in mammalian cells, in particular Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cultured in defined media, and are harvested from the medium. Rheb is a small GTPase which, when bound to GTP, activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a protein kinase that drives anabolic processes including protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Here we show that certain constitutively-active mutants of Rheb drive faster protein synthesis in CHO cells and increase the expression of proteins involved in the processing of secreted proteins via the endoplasmic reticulum, which expands in response to expression of Rheb. Active Rheb mutants, in particular Rheb[T23M], drive increased cell number under serum-free conditions similar to those used in the biotechnology industry. Rheb[T23M] also enhances the expression of the reporter protein luciferase and, especially strongly, the secreted Gaussia luciferase. Moreover, Rheb[T23M] markedly (2-3 fold) enhances the amount of this luciferase and of a model immunoglobulin into the medium. Our data clearly demonstrate that expressing Rheb[T23M] in CHO cells provides a simple approach to promoting cell growth in defined medium and the production of secreted proteins of high commercial value

INTRODUCTION: For many patients with Primary immune deficiency (PID), stem-cell transplantation (SCT) may be lifesaving. OBJECTIVE: To review our experience of 11 years transplanting children with PID in Mexico. METHODS: Chart review of patients who underwent SCT from 2008 to 2018, to describe their diagnoses, time to transplant, conditioning regime, survival rate and outcomes. All patients received post-transplant cyclophosphamide as graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. RESULTS: 19 patients with combined, phagocytic or syndromic PID from 5 states. Twelve of them were male (58%) and 14 survive (79%). Mean age at HSCT was 41.9 months; mean time from diagnosis, 31.2 months. Seven grafts were umbilical cord and 12 haploidentical. The conditioning regime was myeloablative, with seven primary graft failures. Two patients had partial and 10 full chimerism. Five patients died within 2 months after transplant. Immune reconstitution was complete in 11 of 19 patients. We found a prevalence of 21% GVHD. DISCUSSION: We describe 19 patients from Mexico with 8 PID diagnoses who underwent allogenic HSCT over a period of 11 years. Survival rate and other outcomes compare well with industrialized countries. We recommend the use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide to prevent GVHD in scenarios of resource scarcity and a lack of HLA-identical donors.

Yellow fever (YF) is a life-threatening viral disease endemic in large areas of Africa and Latin America. Although there is a very efficacious vaccine since the 1930s, YF still causes 29,000-60,000 annual deaths. During recent YF outbreaks there were issues of vaccine shortage due to limited supply of the current egg-derived vaccine; rare but fatal vaccine adverse effects occurred; and cases were imported to Asia, where the mosquito vector circulates and where local transmission could potentially start. In this work, we investigated the production of YF virus-like particles (VLPs) using suspension-adapted stably-transfected HEK293 cells. In order to develop an intensified process, we combined two strategies: the use of sequential FACS rounds to enrich the stable cell pool in terms of high producers, and the use of perfusion processes. At first, shaken tube experiments revealed that FACS enrichment of the cell pool allowed doubling VLP production, and that in pseudoperfusion cultures (with daily medium exchange) lasting 14 days VLP production increased by 8.3 fold as compared to batch cultures lasting 11 days. When true perfusion cultures were carried out in bioreactors, the use of an inclined cell settler as cell retention device showed operational advantages as compared to an ATF system.

Background: β-hydroxy β-methylbutryate (HMB) is a metabolite of leucine amino acid and it has several ergogenic benefits. Previous studies also showed that it may affect beneficially the testosterone and cortisol concentration in athletes. Due to the contradiction results between studies, we aimed to conduct this meta-analysis to assess the HMB supplementation effect on testosterone and cortisol in trained athletes. Methods: Scopus, Medline and Google scholar were systematically searched up to August 2020. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for evaluating the risk of bias was applied for assessing the studies quality. Random effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for estimating the overall effect. Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated applying the chi-squared and I2 statistic. Results: Seven articles were included in the meta-analysis. Although, the meta-analysis generally showed that HMB consumption did not have any effect on the cortisol and testosterone concentration (P > 0.05), but subgroup analysis based on the exercise type, showed a significant decrease in the cortisol concentration in resistance training exercises (WMD= -3.30; 95% CI: -5.50, -1.10; P= 0.003) and a significant increase in the testosterone concentration in aerobic and anaerobic combined sports (WMD= 1.56; 95% CI: 0.07, 3.05; P= 0.040). Conclusion: The results indicate that HMB supplementation in athletes can reduce the concentration of cortisol in resistance exercises and increase the concentration of testosterone in aerobic and anaerobic combined exercises. Nevertheless, more studies are required to confirm these results.

Dapsone had been used for leprosy but now used in dermatological conditions. The medical emergency team saw a patient on Dapsone with low oxygen saturation despite 8L/min O2 and elevated methaemoglobin level. After diagnosising dapsone related methaemoglobinaemia dapsone was ceased and Vitamin C given intravenously for 4 days

Chimeric mitogenomes are artifacts resulting from laboratory or sequence assembly errors. There have been no quantitative studies of chimeric DNA sequences in animals and their effects on phylogenetics and DNA identification have not been studied. We describe a new, simple strategy for detecting chimeras and apply this to a set of 123 mitogenomes of fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae. We detected seven chimeras (5.7%). The proportion of heterospecific nucleotides ranged from 7.5% to at least 99.2%. Six chimeras included heterospecific DNA fragments of at least one marker commonly used for environmental DNA identification of fishes (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI, cytochrome b). Five chimeras were placed in an incorrect phylogenetic position in a mitogenome phylogeny. All seven sequences have been re-used in subsequent phylogenies and some have also been used in DNA identification studies. This study shows that chimeras may be common among published mitogenomes, and affect phylogenetic inference and environmental DNA identification. Our findings further suggest that chimeric mitogenomes may remain undetected even if commonly used DNA identification markers are used to verify their identity. Detecting such ‘cryptic’ chimeras requires additional effort, which currently is not routinely employed.

Objective:To analyse the prenatal diagnostic value of ultrasound in umbilical cord knot(UCK) and the correlation of UCK and fetal perinatal outcome.Methods:Firstly, retrospective analysis was conducted on the prenatal ultrasound and clinical data of newborns or induced fetuses with UCK.Secondly,the incidence of UCK and its relationship with fetal perinatal outcome were summarized and analyzed.Then,the value and image characteristics of prenatal ultrasound in diagnosing UCK were analyzed.Finally,fetuses who were diagnosed as UCK after delivery were UCK group, and control group was 200 cases randomly selected from other normal fetuses.The differences of ultrasonic parameters and related clinical parameters were compared.Results:During 5 years, there were 40346 fetuses were born, including 209 cases stillbirths in the third trimester.99 fetuses were confirmed with UCK by postnatal diagnosis (including 3 stillbirths died of UCK),accounting for 3% of the diagnosis of UCK.2D ultrasonic images can be classified as excessively distorted, stacked or cloverleaf.The 3D-US can clearly identify the true and false UCK,which can be divided into loose UCK,tight UCK,spiraling umbilical cord and twisted and stacked umbilical cord.RI of middle cerebral artery in UCK group was lower than that in normal control group (P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in maternal age, multiparty, gestational weeks, gestational diabetes mellitus, amniotic fluid volume and length of umbilical cord.Conclusions:The incidence of UCK is only 0.25%, but mortality accounts for 1.4% of fetal death in the third trimester.2D-US is combined with 3D-US can improve prenatal diagnostic accuracy of UCK.With maternal age,parity,amniotic fluid volume and cord length increased,the risk of UCK is increased.

The wireless communication is the fastest-growing field of studies to enable humans to communicate with each other. Introducing a new blockchain architecture with big data analytics can be an enticing platform towards increasing connectivity performance throughout the smart cities. Blockchains can build a convenient mechanism allowing two devices to effectively transmit currency as well as data, to each other with a secure and reliable agreement. Smart cities provide an opportunity to connect people and places that use emerging technologies that help to improve urban planning and development. Smart cities can enhance public infrastructure and people's living experience. Presently, high-speed, intelligent, effective with several innovations, like low energy consumption, etc., seem to be accessible to interact together in the modern environment. By using the blockchain-based big data approach the physical devices are allowed to communicate securely with other physical devices in heterogeneous environments. This approach builds a new blockchain-based computing structure throughout the IoT technology configuration. This approach can examine blockchain technology to the underlying technology or maintains the IoT authentication reliable. This strengthens blockchain and cloud to develop an enabling IoT pervasive environment for secure communication among the physical objects.

After a complete symptomatic recovery after COVID-19 pneumonia, the second phase of desaturation is a new phenomenon that is being increasingly observed. Two possible mechanisms behind it can be a continued subclinical infection and lung fibrosis. We have presented a case with the former mechanism, who responded well to steroids.

This paper is part of the Future Seas project (www.futureseas2030.org), and has been been submitted to the Future. Seas special issue in Reviews in Fish Biology & Fisheries to be published  in 2021.  Key words equity; Future Seas; industry; interdisciplinary research; ocean; Sustainable Development Goals

In vertebrate animals, the molecules encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play an essential role in the adaptive immunity. MHC class I deal with intracellular pathogens (Virus) in birds. MHC class I diversity depends on the consequence of local and global environment selective pressure and gene flow. Here, we evaluated the MHC class I gene in four species of Turdidae family from a broad geographical area of northeast China. We isolated 77 MHC class I sequence, including 47 putatively functional sequences and 30 pseudo sequences from 80 individuals. Method based on analysis of cloned amplicons (n=25) for each species, we found two and seven MHC I sequence per individual indicates more than one MHC I loci identified in all sampled species. Results revealed an overall elevated genetic diversity at MHC class I, evidence of different selection patterns among the domains of PBR and non-PBR. Alleles found to be divergent with overall polymorphic sites per species ranging between 58 to 70 (out of 291 sites). Moreover, trans-species alleles were evident due to convergent evolution or recent speciation for the genus. Phylogenetic relationships among MHC I show an intermingling of alleles clustering among Turdidae family rather than between other passerines. Pronounced MHC I gene diversity is essential for existence of species. Our study signifies a valuable tool for the characterization of evolutionary relevant difference across a population of birds with high conservational concerns.

Understanding genetic variation and structure, adaptive genetic variation and its relationship with environmental factors is of great significance to understand how plants adapt to climate change and design effective conservation and management strategies. The objective of this study was to (I) investigate the genetic diversity and structure by AFLP markers in 36 populations of R. aureum from northeast China, (Ⅱ) reveal the relative contribution of geographical and environmental impacts on the distribution and genetic differentiation of R. aureum; (Ⅲ) identify outlier loci under selection and evaluate the association between outlier loci and environmental factors and (Ⅳ) exactly calculate development trend of population of R. aureum，as it is confronted with severe climate change and to provide information for designing effective conservation and management strategies. We found high genetic variation (I = 0.584) and differentiation among populations (ΦST = 0.711) and moderate levels of genetic diversity within populations of R. aureum. A significant relationship between genetic distance and environmental distance was identified, which suggested that the differentiation of different populations was the caused by environmental factors. Using BayeScan and Dfdist, 42 outlier loci identified and most of the outlier loci are associated with climate or relief factors, suggesting that these loci are linked to genes that are involved in the adaptability of R. aureum to environment. Species distribution models (SDM) showed that climate warming will cause a significant reduction of suitable area for R. aureum especially under the RCP 85 scenario. Our results help to understand the potential response of R. auruem to climatic changes, and provide new perspectives for R. auruem resource management and conservation strategies.

How and why species range size varies along spatial gradients is fundamental yet controversial topics in biogeography. To advance our understanding on these questions and to provide insight into biological conservation, we assessed the elevational variations in vascular plants range size for different life form and biogeographical affinities, and explored the main drivers underlying above variations in the longest valley in China's Himalayas---the Gyirong Valley. Elevational range sizes of vascular plants were documented by 96 sampling plots along 12 elevational bands of 300-m ranging from 1800 to 5400 m above sea level. We assessed the elevational variations in range size by averaging the range size of all species within each elevational band. We then related range size to climate, disturbance, competition factors and the mid-domain effect, and explored the relative importance of aforementioned factors in explaining the range size variations using the Random Forest model. Total 545 vascular plants were documented by our sampling plots along the elevational gradient. Out of 545 plants, 158, 387, 337 and 112 were woody, herbaceous, temperate and tropical species respectively. Range size of each groups of vascular plants shown uniform increasing trends along the elevational gradient which are in accordance with the prediction of Rapoport's rule. Climate was the main driver for the increasing trends of vascular plants range size in the Gyirong Valley. Climate variability hypothesis and mean climate condition hypothesis were both supported to jointly explain such climate-range size relationship. Our results reinforce previous notion that Rapoport's rule applies to where the influence of climate is most pronounced, and call for close attention to the impact of climate change in order to prevent range contraction and even extinction under global warming.

In 1995, just one year after the founding of IEEE Computational Science & Engineering—the precursor of CiSE—founding editor-in-chief Ahmed H. Sameh wrote that the board's goal was "making this magazine the flagship of all aspects of computational science and engineering" \cite{sameh1995}.  What was it like at the time? 1995 marks the beginning of the dot-com boom. That year, Amazon and eBay first opened their digital doors, the Intel Pentium Pro was released, IBM unveiled Deep Blue, and the NumPy library for array computing in Python was first introduced. It was also the year that Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell published their classic textbook on Artificial Intelligence \cite{russell1995}. And the University of Texas at Austin established its program in computational and applied mathematics, which J. Tinsley Oden announced in CS&E \cite{Oden_1995}. The dozen tenure-track positions opened with the new program and institute were housed in the departments of mathematics, computer science, engineering mechanics, aerospace engineering and other engineering specialties. It was conceived as a broadly interdisciplinary program, and that has been the hallmark of computational science and engineering across time.

A grapevine cell line, where actin filaments are labelled by GFP, was used to show that aluminium causes actin remodeling through activation of a NADPH oxidase in the plasma membrane, followed by activation of phytoalexin synthesis genes. Elimination of actin filaments by Latrunculin B disrupts the gene activation, inhibition of MAPK signalling by the inhibitor PD98059 as well. Interestingly, aluminum also induces transcripts for ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE, as well as of PR1, which are known to be responsive to salicylic acid. However, aluminium-triggered defence is not as SA responses accompanied by cell death. Also in grapevine leaf discs from two genotypes contrasting in stilbene inducibility, aluminum can induce accumulation of a central grapevine phytoalexins, the stilbene aglycone trans-resveratrol, preceded by a rapid induction of transcripts for RESVERATROL SYNTHASE and the regulating transcription factor MYB14. The amplitude of this induction reflects the general stilbene inducibility of these genotypes, indicating that the aluminum effect is not caused by unspecific toxicity, but by activation of specific signalling. The findings show that, actin filaments activate a specific branch of defence signalling acting in concert with calcium-dependent PAMP triggered immunity. This pathway links apoplastic oxidative burst through MAPK signalling with the activation of defence-related transcripts.

In this investigation we have used NG-QTAIM to fully quantity the response to the four IR-active modes of all the bonding in benzene in terms of bond-flexing, bond-torsion and bond-anharmonicity that includes the tendencies towards IR-responsivity and IR-non-responsivity. Bond-anharmonicity is found to be lacking for the C-C bonds comprising the lowest frequency mode (721.57 cm-1) measured as the absence of bond critical point (BCP) sliding. Additionally, bond-flexing was absent for this mode harmonic-like variation of the profile of the variation of the wrapping (torsion) of the {p,p’} path-packet, referred to as the Precession K, along the conventional QTAIM bond-path, the remaining three IR-active mode possessed step-like variations in the K profiles. The presence of non-nuclear attractors was detected for the IR-active mode with frequency 1573.93 cm-1 with C-C K profiles that most closely resemble those of the relaxed benzene. We quantified the C-H bonds in terms of bond-flexing and bond-anharmonicity and IR-responsivity and IR-non-responsivity.

Understanding community restoration state and the corresponding assembly mechanism is helpful to assess the restoration measures and predict community dynamics. We collected plots by shrub cover (low, medium and high) in three Caragana mircophylla shrub-encroached grasslands which were fenced since 1979, 1983, and 2003 (fencing duration) in the northern China, to explore the effect of fencing duration and shrub cover on the community restoration by vegetation investigation and phylogenetic approach. There were significant differences in community composition among different fencing duration or shrub cover treatments. Species richness in the site of fencing since 1979 or in the plots of high shrub cover was relatively higher than that in any other sites or plots. By phylogenetic analysis, functional traits were phylogenetically convergent. Based on the standardized effect sizes of mean pairwise distance (SESMPD) ranged from -1.96 to 1.96 in six out of nine plots, which suggested that stochastic processes dominated community assembly. SESMPD were lower than -1.96 in the rest three plots which indicated that competitive exclusion drove community assembly. These results indicated that the increase of fencing duration or shrub cover could enhance competitive exclusion. The present findings highlighted the importance of shrub in influencing the community composition and community assembly, supporting that shrub-encroached grassland is another stable state in the semi-arid northern China. Therefore, it is essential to distinct shrub-encroached grassland from degraded grasslands when formulating relevant conservation and management measures in the semi-arid regions.

ABSTRACT ¬ Rationale, aims and objectives: Physician consultations are a limited resource. Anesthesiologists provide anesthesia during surgery and procedures, prepare patients for surgery in preoperative clinics, and provide postoperative care. This study sought to evaluate current consultation usage patterns, with an aim to determine possible opportunities for efficiency. Method: A retrospective comprehensive population-based cohort study was performed, evaluating all hospitals in the Canadian province of Ontario from 2002-2018. The main outcome measures were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of the patients, and whether the patients underwent surgery within 3 months following the anesthesia consultation. Results: A cohort of 2,023,499 patients, and a total of 2,920,100 preoperative anesthesia consultations was obtained. The number of consults per year doubled between 2003 (112,983/year) and 2017 (246,427/year). Each year, an average of 19.32% of the consults (range: 17.69-20.49%) were for patients that did not progress to having surgery. Of those that did have surgery following the anesthesia consult, 37.23% were ASA Classification I or II. The most common surgical procedures (percent of total) following anesthesia consult were: Knee implantation of internal device (9.46%), hip implantation of internal device (5.84%), cataract excision (4.09%), repair of muscle of chest/abdomen (3.31%), uterus excision (2.76%), and gallbladder excision (2.67%). Conclusions: This study reveals data on utilization and trends over time of preoperative anesthesia consultations. Potential opportunities for optimization were found, including patients who did not proceed to surgery, and healthier patients undergoing low to moderate risk surgery that may not require consultation.

Motion capture and analysis techniques are emerging in the surgical education and surgical education research literature as viable ways to augment the assessment of technical skills. In particular, these methods provide an opportunity to reveal objective information about the efficiency of surgical procedures, above and beyond the accuracy of procedural outcomes. One assessment that is very prevalent in the literature are counts of the number of movements a surgeon makes in completing a technical performance. In this commentary, the number of movements metric is explored from kinesiology and engineering perspectives; two disciplines that have contributed heavily to the development of rigorous motion analysis methods. Furthermore, the assumption that skill efficiency improves linearly as a learner progresses along the continuum of expertise is challenged. While movement efficiency does certainly improve, this assumption does not necessarily capture the way that learners flexibly prioritize particular aspects of performance in the intermediate stages of skill learning. By way of this commentary, important a priori decisions that should proceed effective motion capture and analysis are highlighted, a call for the standardization of procedures is made, and an opportunity to better understand the way that computerized movement analysis techniques may contribute (or be detrimental) to competency constructs in surgical education and assessment is realized.

The production of ‘Premium’ olive oil depends in large part of the quality of the fruit. Small producers see themselves confronted with vast investments and logistic snags when they intend to optimize the recollection. Recently manual devices at an affordable price promises less damaged fruit when compared to the traditional picking with nets while the use of a cooling room on the farm might offer a solution when the picking needs to be stretched out over several days. The effects of picking with a manual inverted umbrella, together with a storage up to 14 days at 5 °C was studied, taking into account ten quality parameters of the produced oil during two years and three cultivars: ‘Arbequina’, ‘Picual’ and ‘Verdial’. The results indicate that such a combination guaranteed the best quality end product as compared with any of the three other ones. The strength of each factor, estimated with the omega-square statistic, varied in time and according to the cultivar. ‘Arbequina’ showed to be the most sensible with a rapid increase of the importance of the conservation factor. ‘Picual’ showed to be the most resistant to deterioration with a lower explanatory value of this factor as compared to the picking method. The study indicates that small producers, even under financial and logistic restrictions, can obtain a high quality end product. Either by combining both methods or by choosing the one that guaranties the best results given the cultivar and the specific storage time they opt to take into account.

Oxygen isotopic composition (Δ18OLW) of leaf water can help improve our understanding of how anatomy interacts with physiology to influence leaf water transport. Leaf water isotope models of Δ18OLW such as the Péclet effect model have been developed to predict Δ18OLW, and it incorporates transpiration rate (E) and the mixing length between unenriched xylem water and enriched mesophyll water, which can occur in the mesophyll (Lm) or veins (Lv). Here we used two cell wall composition mutants grown under two light intensities and RH to evaluate the effect of cell wall composition on Δ18OLW. In maize (Zea mays), the compromised ultrastructure of the suberin lamellae in the bundle sheath of the ALIPHATIC SUBERIN FERULOYL TRANSFERASE mutant (Zmasft) reduced barriers to apoplastic water movement, resulting in higher E and Lv and, consequently, lower Δ18OLW. In cellulose synthase-like F6 (Cslf6) mutants and wildtype of rice (Oryza sativa), the difference in Δ18OLW in plants grown under high and low growth light intensity co-varied with their differences in stomatal density. These results show that cell wall composition and stomatal density influence Δ18OLW by altering the Péclet effect and that stable isotopes can facilitate the development of a physiologically and anatomically explicit water transport model.