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Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of pigeon circovirus from racing pigeon...
Haoran Wang
Hui Gao

Haoran Wang

and 6 more

June 04, 2021
The Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) containing a circular single stranded DNA (approximately 2 kb) genome belongs to the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae. PiCV infections in pigeons ( Columba livia) have been reported worldwide. Currently, pigeon racing is becoming increasingly popular and considered to be a national sport in China, and even, the greatest competitions of racing pigeons are taking place in China. However, there are still no epidemiologic data regarding PiCV infections among racing pigeons in China. To trace the prevalence, genetic variation and evolution of PiCV in sick and healthy racing pigeons, 622 samples were collected from 11 provinces or municipalities in China from 2016 to 2019. Samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the positive rate of PiCV was 19.3% (120/622) at the sample level and 59.0% (23/39) at the club level, thus suggesting that the virus was prevalent in Chinese racing pigeons. A sequence analysis revealed that the cap genes of the PiCV strains identified in our study displayed a high genetic diversity and shared nucleotide homologies of 71.9%–100% and amino acid homologies of 71.7%–100%. 28 and 36 unique amino acid substitutions were observed in the Cap and Rep proteins derived from our PiCV strains, respectively. Furthermore, The ATT and GTG were highly suspected to be the start codons of the Cap protein. A cap-gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains in this study could be further divided into seven clades (A, B, C, E, G, H, and I) and some of them were closely related to worldwide strains from different types of pigeons. A large number of recombination events (31 events) were also detected in the PiCV genomes from Chinese racing pigeons. These findings indicate that PiCV strains circulating in China exhibit a high genetic diversity.
Primary Breast Osteosarcoma; a case report and review of the literature
Ramesh Omranipour
Fereshteh Ensani

Ramesh Omranipour

and 2 more

June 04, 2021
Primary breast osteosarcoma (PBOS) is an extremely rare and poor prognostic malignancy that has not a definitive treatment guideline. Here we presented a successfully treated case of PBOS and provided a comprehensive review of the literature which revealed the divergence of opinions regarding the histogenesis and management of this malignancy.
Endoscopic Resection of a Large Polypoid Gastric Heterotopia of Duodenum: a case repo...
Francesco Maione
Alessia Chini

Francesco Maione

and 7 more

June 04, 2021
This is a case of gastric heterotopia, a benign condition most commonly found as multiple small polyps in the duodenal bulb, diagnosticated as a large polypoid lesion of the third duodenal portion in a young patient and treated successfully with endoscopic resection under laparoscopic vision.
A Case of Poorly Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Lymphocyte-rich.
Ginji Omori
Takahiro Osuga

Ginji Omori

and 13 more

June 04, 2021
A 70-year-old woman was diagnosed poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lymphocyte rich. In this case, programmed cell death 1 expression was observed. Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment may be effective in such cases, although there have been no reports of their use for poorly differentiated HCC, lymphocyte-rich.
Primary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a man
Fumiko Satoh
Yutaka Tsutsumi

Fumiko Satoh

and 1 more

June 03, 2021
A 69-year-old man suffered from lethal peritoneal carcinomatosis. At autopsy, no primary lesion was identified in the gastrointestinal, pancreatobiliary, respiratory, urinary and male reproductive organs. The tumor consisted of mucin-containing and gland-forming columnar cells with minimal nuclear atypia. The final diagnosis was primary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a man.
La Fonda Filosófica: Revisão de ComCiência  
Robert Martins Junqueira

Robert Martins Junqueira

June 07, 2021
Redigimos este texto para a disciplina de Cultura Científica e Comunicação de Ciência da Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Políticas de Ciências e Tecnologia da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, ministrada por Ana Sanchez e António Granado.
China Historical Christian Database: Mapeamento do Passado Cristão da China 
Robert Martins Junqueira

Robert Martins Junqueira

June 07, 2021
Este texto foi redigido para a disciplina de Conceitos e Práticas de Gestão de Inovação da Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Políticas de Ciência e Tecnologia da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, ministrada por Filipa Borrego e Sandra Aresta. O projeto «China Historical Christian Database» (doravante CHCD) constitui, apesar de ainda in fieri, uma ferramenta inovadora e avançada destinada à valorização do conhecimento sobre a presença dos cristianismos na China entre 1550 e 1950. A CHCD promete tornar-se essencial para qualquer investigador/a dedicada/o à temática da história dos cristianismos na China e às temáticas relacionadas—como seja a de uma cristandade própria da China—conquanto o/a utilizador/a seja capaz de ler em língua inglesa ou nos padrões de escrita—seja tradicional ou simplificado—da língua chinesa. Por intermédio do desenvolvimento de uma pioneira base de dados digital geográfica e de relações—nomeadamente entre indivíduos, instituições e eventos—mais uma arrojada plataforma educativa em linha—ainda em fase beta mas já disponível em acesso aberto—, e ainda por via do estabelecimento de parcerias estratégicas de índole internacional, a CHCD proporciona uma solução tecnológica inteiramente nova para fazer face a certos problemas típicos da investigação histórica sobre os cristianismos na China e da transmissão dos conhecimentos concernentes, como sejam a pluralidade linguística e a dispersão geográfica das fontes. A abordagem definida no seio do projecto, de orientação marcadamente computacional, é de abertura para o desenvolvimento contínuo, pois o que se procura é que a CHCD evolua de forma constante no tempo e que permita o desencadeamento de transformações no íntimo da própria área de investigação em que a mesma se insere, abrindo o caminho para formas inéditas de transmissão e análise na hora valorizar e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a história os cristianismos na China ao longo de 400 anos. Assim—se bem que não aprofundaremos o que se segue no presente trabalho—, a CHCD promete provocar um efeito disruptivo no que aos modelos de investigação na sua área, tão inatuais e por vezes caducos, diz respeito. Esta inovadora base de dados, alojada pelo Center for Global Christianity and Mission da Boston University—mas que envolve o Center for the Study of Asia, o Institute on Culture, Religion & World Affairs, o Rafik B. Hariri Institute for Computing and Computational Science & Engineering (estes três da Boston University), o Instituto de História Qing da Universidade Renmin da China, o Ricci Institute for Chinese-Western Cultural History da University of San Francisco, a SOAS University of London, os Passionist Historical Archives, o Monumenta Serica Institute, o Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies do Boston College, a Whitworth University, a Università degli Studi di Perugia, o Centro Científico e Cultural de Macau, I.P. (e portanto também a Fundação Jorge Álvares), a Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale" e os Carleton College Archives—pode ser acedida in https://chcdatabase.com/. Ao longo das páginas que se seguem, iremos argumentar que a CHCD representa uma inovação de tipo aberto, social e tecnológico. Por forma a argumentar que a CHCD representa uma inovação no seu contexto disciplinar—inovação, aliás, potencialmente muito lucrativa em termos de conhecimento—, iremos basear-nos numa leitura aberta—e, bem sabemos, com potencial de gerar controvérsia—da noção de inovação como sendo orientada também para o ramo particular da economia que aqui nos interessa: a economia da investigação.1: Inovação orientada para a economia da investigação Falar de "economia da investigação (economy of research)" é apontar para aquilo que Charles S. Peirce considerou ser, "de todos os ramos da economia, talvez o mais rentável (of all the branches of economy, [...] perhaps the most profitable)" (Peirce 1931-1958 [1902], vol. 7 pará. 161). Talvez as palavras de Peirce soem um tanto ou quanto exageradas para quem não tiver em conta que na economia da investigação não se trata de lucrar a nível de verbas, mas de verbos—quero dizer, conhecimento—, sem por isso desconsiderar o papel daquelas no investimento que se faz em ciência, nem mesmo a possibilidade de que o financiamento atribuído à investigação acabe por estar na origem de uma série de desenvolvimentos que venham a desembocar em avultados ganhos a nível monetário ou de outra ordem, no seio de outros ramos da economia. É verdade que a economia da investigação não existe à margem, isolada no fim do mundo, sem relacionar-se com a economia como um todo. Tem, ainda assim, a sua esfera própria—uma esfera aberta e em relação, mas própria—, e a análise que se atenha ao nível da economia da investigação deve ter em conta que aquilo que se procura nesse ramo da economia não é aumentar a conta bancária ou outra coisa qualquer que não seja o nosso conhecimento. É em conhecimento que a/os tia/os Patinhas da investigação devem banhar-se, e é na distribuição das águas desses banhos que estão os verdadeiros ganhos no âmbito da economia da investigação. Uma investigação que pouco nos traga a nível de conhecimento será sempre, sob a ótica que impera neste texto, um investimento que deu prejuízo. Obviamente, a rentabilidade não se aufere de modo assim tão rude: no terreno da economia é preciso ter em conta a relação entre o investimento e os resultados. Não estamos a dizer nada de novo; leia-se Peirce para um maior detalhe: "A doutrina da economia, em geral, trata das relações entre utilidade e custo. O seu ramo relativo à investigação considera as relações entre a utilidade e o custo de diminuir a probabilidade de erro do nosso conhecimento. Tem como principal problema a maneira como, mediante um determinado dispêndio de dinheiro, tempo e energia, se pode obter o mais valioso incremento do nosso conhecimento. (The doctrine of economy, in general, treats of the relations between utility and cost. That branch of it which relates to research considers the relations between the utility and the cost of diminishing the probable error of our knowledge. Its main problem is, how, with a given expenditure of money, time, and energy, to obtain the most valuable addition to our knowledge)" (Ibid. [1876], 7.140). Sendo o nosso fito argumentar que a CHCD representa uma inovação no seu contexto disciplinar e no âmbito deste ramo específico da economia, o que trataremos nas seguintes secções, iremos sustentar a nossa reflexão numa interpretação aberta (e quiçá inovadora) da noção de inovação, como sendo orientada não só para a economia de mercado mas também para a economia da investigação. Como disse Juma (2016, 258), na esteira de Joseph Schumpeter, a inovação resulta "dos esforços de empresários [ou empreendedora/es] (of the efforts of entrepreneurs)". Ora, no caso da economia da investigação, deve dizer-se que a inovação resulta, antes de tudo, dos esforços de investigadora/es. Também remetendo para Schumpeter, ao expor as questões filosóficas levantadas no corpo de uma call for papers de um evento científico depois recebido pelo St. Annes’ College de Oxford em 2016, Vincent Blok (2018, 2) apresentou a inovação como sendo "o produto da destruição criativa (the product of creative destruction)", pois toda a inovação "é acompanhada pela destruição das velhas regras e da velha ordem (is accompanied by the destruction of the old rules and the old order)"; e isto que significa que, se a inovação produz um "impacto positivo (positive impact)" nesta ou naquela esfera, tal impacto será "sempre acompanhado por repercussões negativas alhures (always accompanied by negative impacts elsewhere)". Assim, tendo em conta—para além do âmbito da economia que foi derivado do pensamento de Peirce—a transposição que fizemos a partir do texto de Juma e a noção apresentada por Blok (tudo acima), temos um chão firme para dizer que a inovação orientada para a economia da investigação não só resulta dos esforços de quem investiga como também passa pela destruição de velhas regras e de uma velha ordem, tantas vezes obsoletas, produzindo sempre repercussões simultaneamente positivas e negativas, mediante a perspectiva a partir da qual se considere o impacto da inovação. O que nos parece ser sobremaneira difícil na hora de pensar a inovação no âmbito da economia da investigação é i) ultrapassar os velhos hábitos e fazer a transferência desta noção afeta ao mercado para a o ecossistema científico e ii) estimular a comunidade científica para que arrume a casa—o ecossistema científico, sendo que eco remete para 'casa' e sistema para 'arrumação'—de modo a torná-la num ambiente mais amigável para a inovação. Quanto à inovação representada pela CHCD, até pode não parecer ter vindo para destruir nada; e, se fossemos a negligenciar a importância da destruição para a inovação, poderíamos dar aqui um belo exemplo do "enviesamento-da-introdução-de-algo-novo (the 'introduction-of-something-new’ bias)", alegando que tal enviesamento é na verdade o fruto maduro da evolução no reino das ideias, argumentando que, se assim não fosse, não seria verdade que os "estudos clássicos (classical studies)" sobre inovação "exploram a noção Schumpeteriana de destruição criativa (explore the Schumpeterian notion of creative destruction)" e os estudos mais "contemporâneos (contemporary)" se debruçam sobre a noção de "transição tecnológica, inovação social ou inovação reativa", apenas havendo um espaço para consenso perante "a ideia de que a inovação consiste na introdução de algo novo (the idea that innovation is the introduction of something new)" (Goulet e Vinck 2017, 97-98). Contudo, tal não é o caso, pois apesar de toda a novidade trazida pela CHCD, como veremos em seguida, há uma dimensão destrutiva que lhe garante o título de inovação no sentido pleno da palavra, pois um dos fundamentais motivos por detrás da criação da CHCD passa mesmo pela necessidade de arrasar algumas das dificuldades com que se têm deparado, até agora, aquela/es que investigam sobre a história dos cristianismos na China.2: Inovação aberta, social e tecnológica Como veremos em seguida, a CHCD representa um excelente e multifário exemplo de inovação, quer no âmbito disciplinar em que se insere, quer no âmbito mais alargado da economia da investigação. Sem pretendermos esgotar todos os tipos de inovação passíveis de serem reconhecidos nesta conveniente e proveitosa plataforma em linha, iremos assinalar o carácter aberto, social e tecnológico da CHCD.2.1: Inovação aberta De acordo com Ron Basu (2015, 141-142), o conceito de inovação aberta, por muito simples que pareça ser, tem muito que se lhe diga, pois é preciso pensar muito bem sobre "o que abrir, como abrir e como gerir os problemas novos advindos de tal abertura (what to open, how to open it and how to manage the new problems created by that openness)". No âmbito da CHCD, abriu-se tudo—pois está tudo disponível em acesso aberto—, inclusivamente abrindo os ficheiros que contêm os dados para que a/os utilizadora/es os possam importar para plataformas alheias à CHCD ou mesmo à Neo4j (https://neo4j.com/), que é a plataforma gráfica de bases de dados, de código aberto, na qual a CHCD roda. Mas esta inovação poderia estar apenas formalmente aberta, sendo quiçá de muito difícil compreensão e utilização, o que implicaria que a inovação estaria, no fundo, fechada ao grande público. Tal não é o caso: trata-se mesmo de inovação aberta no sentido luzidio da palavra. A plataforma é fácil de entender, focando-se em transpor o conhecimento geográfico e as conexões entre os eventos, as instituições e as pessoas que conformam a base de dados em material gráfico de fácil leitura. A ideia é que quando alguém utilizar a plataforma não existam obstáculos ao entendimento do significado da informação apresentada. Ainda bem que é assim, porque caso contrário falar em abertura seria um embuste. A navegação também não é complicada, pelo que a CHCD veio reforçar a ideia de que as interfaces complexas não são sempre necessárias para que seja possível avançar para uma análise complexa. De facto, um excesso de complexidade, especialmente não sendo preciso, impediria a CHCD de fazer o pleno em matéria de inovação aberta. Assim, a plataforma em linha da CHCD—que obedece a uma programação visual minimalista de modo a manter a informação e as ferramentas que incorpora facilmente acessíveis a quem se interessar pela história dos cristianismos na China—constitui um excelente exemplo de como é possível inovar abertamente sem deixar pontas soltas.2.2: Inovação social É verdade que a inovação social pode ser considerada a partir de vários prismas (Christie e Prasad Chebrolu 2020; Sazesh et al. 2020; Davis 2021). Aqui, contudo, entendemos que uma inovação é social conquanto o empreendimento no seio do qual a inovação se dá apresente um carácter filantrópico. Sendo verdade que a CHCD não tem quaisquer fins lucrativos—não apenas por causa de estar disponível em acesso aberto, mas também porque não se envolve em negócios no domínio da publicidade—torna-se possível argumentar a favor do seu carácter filantrópico. De facto, é preciso agir por amor à humanidade—φίλος, uma das palavras gregas para amor, e άνθρωπος, que na mesma língua quer dizer humanidade—para se avançar com um empreendimento da envergadura da CHCD—que envolve um largo número de investigadora/es e instituições, e certamente um avultado investimento a nível de dinheiro—e nem sequer equacionar a obtenção de lucros, em sentido pecuniário. Trata-se, a CHCD, de uma inovação no âmbito da economia da investigação que promete ser ainda mais rentável do que muitos outros—a nível de conhecimento—por se tratar de uma inovação social. 2.3: Inovação tecnológica Por muito que a inovação tecnológica represente "a conotação dominante e restrita (the restricted and dominant connotation)" adquirida pela noção de inovação no século XX, trata-se esta apenas de "uma das muitas conotações de inovação (one of the many connotations of innovation)" (Godin 2014, 197). Apesar disso, a ubiquidade da inovação tecnológica muito dificilmente pode ser contestada: até o circo—que "dentre a cornucópia de novidades produzidas pela era industrial (among the cornucopia of novelties produced by the industrial era)" apenas, se bem que "quase instantaneamente (almost instantly)", se apropriou da bicicleta—assimilou recentemente "um elevado número de outras inovações tecnológicas que modificaram a sua infraestrutura (a large number of other technological innovations which modified its infrastructure)" (Bouissac 2010, 72-73). No âmbito da economia da investigação, incluindo os sectores da história, a inovação tecnológica passa pelo aproveitamento de potencialidades tecnológicas ainda não exploradas para a produção e valorização do conhecimento, como seja ao longo dos processos de investigação, nos formatos das produções ou na divulgação de resultados. A CHCD representa uma mais valia para a produção de conhecimento sobre a história dos cristianismos na China, acima de tudo porque abre novos horizonte para investigações que pretendam abranger largos períodos temporais, várias áreas geográficas, dados recolhidos em fontes originalmente em diversas línguas e informação referente a instituições, pessoas e eventos relacionados, inter alia, aos vários cristianismos. Tal não é de desprezar, pois embora as estruturas organizacionais protestantes, ortodoxas e católicas sejam realmente diversificadas, a arquitetura flexível da base de dados da CHCD possibilita que tais estruturas sejam documentadas e examinadas conjuntamente, o que constitui tarefa difícil e raramente levada a cabo nas investigações sobre os cristianismos na China. De acordo com Juma (2016, 5), "é discernível que o ritmo da inovação tecnológica é rápido (the pace of technological innovation is discernibly fast), o que gera uma "ansiedade intensa que origina esforços no sentido de fazer abrandar a adopção de tecnologia (intense anxiety leading to efforts to slow down the adoption of technology)". Se o que Juma disse é verdade, então podemos dizer que as pessoas e instituições por detrás da criação da CHCD dão mostras de saber lidar muito bem com altos níveis de ansiedade, pois esta não os impediu de avançar com uma iniciativa absolutamente ímpar no âmbito da investigação e da valorização do conhecimento voltadas para a história dos cristianismos na China.3: Palavras finais A história dos cristianismos na China poderia continuar a ser estudada sem a CHCD? Certamente que sim. Continuaria alguém a querer fazê-lo? Seguramente que sim. Então, a CHCD não serve para nada? Aproveitar o lanço e dizer novamente que sim levaria a uma conclusão semelhante à de quem dissesse que, mesmo sem a invenção dos aviões, as pessoas teriam continuado a poder ir de Portugal até à China—de barco ou até a cavalo—, e que por isso os aviões não servem para nada. Ora, quer-nos parecer que a CHCD está para este sector da história—o estudo do passado cristão da China—como os aviões estão para as viagens entre o sul da Europa e a Ásia oriental, permitindo fazer investimentos que serão bastante rentáveis no âmbito da economia da investigação. As métricas na investigação ainda não conseguem ombrear com as grandes bolsas de valores de outros ramos da economia, mas não é por isso que no seio da economia da investigação a competição é menos feroz; e, também no âmbito desta, os sectores que não vierem a inovar irão, ironicamente, passar à história.4: Bibliografia de apoio Basu, Ron. Managing Projects in Research and Development. Farnham, Surrey, England e Burlington, VT: Gower, 2015. Blok, Vincent. «Philosophy of Innovation: A Research Agenda». Philosophy of Management 17, n. 1 (1 de Fevereiro de 2018): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-017-0080-z. Bouissac, Paul. Semiotics at the Circus. Semiotics, Communication and Cognition 3. Berlin e New York: De Gruyter Mouton, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110218312. Christie, Neha, e Shambu Prasad Chebrolu. «Creating Space for Women Leadership and Participation Through Innovative Strategies: A Case of Tribal Women’s Dairy Cooperatives in Gujarat». Em Cooperatives and Social Innovation: Experiences from the Asia Pacific Region, editado por D. Rajasekhar, R. Manjula, e T. Paranjothi, 235–47. Singapore: Springer, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8880-8_16. Davis, Grace. «Comparative Job Skill Development Initiatives in Northwest Arkansas and Barcelona». Management Undergraduate Honors Theses, 1 de Maio de 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/mgmtuht/10. Godin, Benoit. Innovation contested: the idea of innovation over the centuries. Routledge studies in social and political thought. New York, NY: Routledge, 2014. Goulet, Frédéric, e Dominique Vinck. «Moving towards Innovation through Withdrawal: The Neglect of Destruction». Em Critical Studies of Innovation, editado por Benoît Godin e Dominique Vinck, 97–114. Cheltenham, UK e Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785367229. Juma, Calestous. Innovation and Its Enemies: Why People Resist New Technologies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467036.001.0001. Peirce, Charles S. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Editado por Charles Hartshorne, Paul Weiss, e Arthur W. Burks. 8 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1931. Sazesh, Alireza, Ruhollah Samiei Samiee, Parviz Saeedi, e Mahmoud Reza Mostaghimi. «Designing a Model of Social Innovation and the Effect on the Behavior and Mental Health of Citizens». Razi Journal of Medical Sciences 27, n. 7 (10 de Outubro de 2020): 120–29. http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6363-en.html.
First mitral valve replacement using Edwards MITRIS RESILIA mitral valve in a patient...
Takashi Kakuta
Tomoyuki Fujita

Takashi Kakuta

and 6 more

June 03, 2021
RESILIA tissue expected to prevent structural valve deterioration owing to calcification on leaflets was firstly mounted in a mitral bioprosthesis, named MITRIS RESILIA mitral valve (MITRIS). MITRIS has softer cuff than Magna Mitral Ease and stent posts that deflect to prevent suture looping. A 77-year-old man, having a history of long-standing atrial fibrillation, presented with dyspnea on effort. An echocardiography suggested atrial functional MR. We successfully replaced mitral valve using a 27-mm MITRIS, and his postoperative course was uneventful with good hemodynamics. MITRIS may have advantages for implantability and durability, making it a promising prosthesis for patients requiring mitral surgery.
Swamp stone a dangerous source of lead oxide poisoning: report of 5 cases in a family
Abbas Aghabikloo
Nazanin Zamani

Abbas Aghabikloo

and 1 more

June 03, 2021
This case series reports lead poisoning with “Swamp stone” powder in a family. Swamp stone contains heavy metals with poisoning potentials. The chelating agent had more efficiency in parents than their children in lowering the blood level lead. It is important to find sources for lead poisoning and educate population.
Higher anticholinergic burden from medications is associated with significant increas...
RIA SANGHAVI
Tiberiu Pana

RIA SANGHAVI

and 9 more

June 03, 2021
Background: Higher anticholinergic burden from medications is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive function decline. A mechanistic pathway has never been established. We aimed to determine whether chronic inflammation may mediate these associations. Methods: Participants were drawn from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer, Norfolk cohort (40-79 years at baseline). The anticholinergic cognitive burden score (ACB) was calculated at baseline/first (1HC) (1993/97) and second (2HC) (1998/2000) health checks. Plasma fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured during 1HC and Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) during 2HC. Cross-sectional associations between ACB and inflammatory markers were examined for 1HC and 2HC, respectively. The prospective association was also examined between 1HC ACB and 2HC inflammatory markers. All models adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle factors, co-morbidities and medications. Results: 17,678 and 22,051 participants were included in cross-sectional analyses for CRP, and fibrinogen, respectively. A total of 5,101 participants with available data for TNF-α and IL-6 were included in the longitudinal analyses. Cross-sectionally, a point increase in the ACB was associated with a significant increase in all inflammatory markers (beta (standard error): fibrinogen – 0.035g/l (0.006), p<0.001; CRP 0.284mg/l (0.044), p<0.001; TNF-α 0.031pg/ml (0.010), p=0.002; and IL-6 0.112pg/ml (0.033), p=0.001. Longitudinally, a unit increase in the ACB was associated with a significant increase in TNF-α 0.028pg/ml (0.011), p=0.013 and IL-6 0.076 pg/ml (0.035), p=0.029. Conclusion: Higher anticholinergic burden was significantly associated with higher inflammatory markers. Inflammation may mediate the relationship between exposure to anticholinergic medications and adverse outcomes
Medication Therapy of High-Dose Methotrexate: An Evidence-Based Practice Guideline Di...
Song Zaiwei
Yang Hu

Song Zaiwei

and 41 more

June 03, 2021
Objectives: A lot of medication risks related to high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy still remain to be identified and standardized. This study aims to establish an evidence-based practice guideline for individualized medication of HDMTX. Methods: The practice guideline was launched by the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society. The guideline was developed following the WHO handbook for guideline development and the methodology of evidence-based medicine (EBM). The guideline was initially registered in the International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform (IPGRP-2017CN021). Systematic reviews were conducted to synthesis available evidence. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted by questionnaires to evaluate patients’ perception and willingness on individualized medication of HDMTX. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the quality of evidence and to grade the strength of recommendations. Results: Multidisciplinary working groups were included in this guideline, including clinicians, pharmacists, methodologists, pharmacologists and pharmacoeconomic specialists. A total of 124 patients were involved to integrate patient values and preferences. Finally, the guideline presents 28 recommendations, regarding evaluation prior to medication (renal function, liver function, pleural effusion, comedications, genetic testing), pre-treatment and routine dosing regimen, therapeutic drug monitoring (necessity, method, timing, target concentration), leucovorin rescue (initial timing, dosage regimen and optimization), management of toxicities. Of them, 12 are strong recommendations. Conclusions: We developed an evidence-based practice guideline with respect to HDMTX medication using a rigorous and multidisciplinary approach. This guideline provides comprehensive and practical recommendations involving the whole process of HDMTX medication to health care providers.
Isolated Aplasia cutis congenita :Case report of two cases
YAN WU
Jun Liu

YAN WU

and 2 more

June 03, 2021
This paper demonstrated two cases of Aplasia cutis congenita diagnosed after birth. No abnormalities were seen during the antenatal examination of the fetus during pregnancy. One case was treated surgically and the other conservatively, both with a good prognosis.
Resynchronization in Heart Failure: What to choose?
Mohammad El Baba
Moses Wananu

Mohammad El Baba

and 3 more

June 03, 2021
Achieving Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with Biventricular pacing(BiVP) pacing for patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure (HF), left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and ventricular dyssynchrony is well established and is currently the standard of care. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant improvement in quality of life, functional status, and exercise capacity in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III and IV heart failure who underwent resynchronization therapy1,2. In addition, resynchronization therapy is associated with survival benefit3. However, one third of patients do not respond to BIVP. New modalities for resynchronization have emerged namely His bundle pacing (HBP) and left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP). In this paper, we will review the benefits and limitations of BiVP and also the role of new pacing modalities such as HBP and LVSP in patients with HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and electrical dysynchrony.
Insight into humic substances with cotton straw derived amendments by solid state 13C...
Xinwei Liu
Peijie Xu

Xinwei Liu

and 5 more

June 03, 2021
Carbon sequestration of organic materials and biochar in soil is a vital way to increase soil organic carbon (SOC), but the stability of SOC especially the humic substances (HS) is different with these amendments. In this study, cotton straw, compost derived from cotton straw (compost) and biochar derived from cotton straw (biochar) were added with equivalent carbon content into soil and incubated for 180 days. The structural characteristics of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin (Hu) was studied by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the aryl C of Hu and FA increased by biochar treatment or biochar incorporated straw or compost and decreased with low ratio of biochar incorporated straw or compost. In addition, phenolic C of Hu and HA increased by straw treatment or biochar incorporated straw and increased with low ratio of biochar incorporated straw or compost. However, O-alkyl C of Hu and HA increased by compost treatment or biochar incorporated compost and increased with low ratio of biochar incorporated straw or compost. These results suggest that the stability of FA amended with straw or compost can be enhanced by incorporating biochar through increasing aryl functional groups, but the stability of HA amended with straw or compost can be enhanced by incorporating biochar through increasing alkyl groups. Biochar was in favor of aryl C formation of FA and Hu, while straw or compost was beneficial to alkyl C formation of HA and Hu.
SARS-CoV-2 superinfection and reinfection with three different strains
Darío García de Viedma
laura Pérez-Lago

Darío García de Viedma

and 12 more

June 03, 2021
We report a COVID-19 case with unprecedented viral complexity. In the first severe episode, two different SARS-CoV-2 strains (superinfection) were identified within a week. Three months after discharge, patient was readmitted and was infected in a nosocomial outbreak with a different strain, suffering a second milder COVID-19 episode.
Five-year patency for the no-touch saphenous vein and the left internal thoracic arte...
Mikael Arbeus
Domingos Souza

Mikael Arbeus

and 6 more

June 03, 2021
Background Randomised trials show high long-term patency for no-touch saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting. The patency rate in off-pump coronary bypass surgery for these grafts has not been investigated. Our centre participated in the CORONARY randomized trial, NCT00463294. This is a sub-study aimed to assess the patency of no-touch saphenous veins in on- versus off-pump coronary bypass surgery at five-year follow-up. Methods Fifty-six patients were included. Forty of 49 patients, alive at five years, participated in this follow-up. There were 21 and 19 patients in the on- and off-pump groups respectively. No-touch saphenous veins were used to bypass all targets and in some cases the left anterior descending artery. Graft patency according to distal anastomosis was evaluated with computed tomography angiography. Results The five-year patency rate was 123/139 (88.5%). The patency for the no-touch vein grafts was 57/64 (89.1%) in the on-pump vs 37/45 (82.2%) in the off-pump group. All left internal thoracic arteries except for one, 29/30 (96.6%), were patent. All vein grafts used to bypass the left anterior descending and the diagonal arteries were patent 32/32. The lowest patency rate for the saphenous veins was to the right coronary territory, particularly in off-pump surgery (80.0% vs 62.5% for the on- respective off-pump groups). Conclusions Comparable five-year patency for the no-touch saphenous veins and the left internal thoracic arteries to the left anterior descending territory in both on- and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Graft patency in off-pump CABG is lower to the right coronary artery.
Altered precipitation regimes mitigate N2O flux response to nitrogen addition in an a...
Yang Yang
Yuanming Xiao

Yang Yang

and 5 more

June 03, 2021
Anthropogenic-driven global change, including changes in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation patterns, is dramatically altering N cycling in soil. How long-term N deposition, precipitation changes, and their interaction influence nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions remains unknown, especially in the alpine steppes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To fill this knowledge gap, a platform of N addition and altered precipitation experiments was established in an alpine steppe of the QTP in 2013. N addition significantly increased N2O emissions, and alterations in soil NO3-N, pH, temperature, and belowground biomass modulated N2O emissions. In addition to abiotic parameters, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria dominated N2O emissions in nitrification compared with ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Changes in the denitrifying microbial community, namely a high ratio of (nirS+nirK) gene-containing to nosZ gene-containing organisms, were responsible for N2O emissions in denitrification. Altered precipitation did not affect N2O emissions. This unexpected finding, which is inconsistent with the conventional view that N2O emissions are controlled by soil water content, indicates that N2O emissions are particularly susceptible to N deposition in the alpine steppes. Notably, whereas N2O emissions were affected by N addition as a single factor, they were not significantly affected by the combination of precipitation changes and N addition, indicating that altered precipitation patterns may mitigate the positive feedback effect of N addition on N2O emissions. Consequently, our study suggests that the response of N2O emissions to N deposition in future global change scenarios will be affected by precipitation regimes in the alpine steppes.
Does diabetic early kidney damage alter renal elasticity?: An ultrasound based 2D She...
Nesrin Gündüz
Aysenur Buz

Nesrin Gündüz

and 2 more

June 03, 2021
Objectives: Kidney damage caused by type-II diabetes mellitus (DM-II) can disturb renal elasticity. There is a paucity of data whether early kidney damage causes kidney stiffening. This comparative study aimed to assess kidney elasticity in patients with DM-II with or without moderate albuminuria using ultrasound based 2D shear wave velocity (2D-SWV). Methods: For this prospective single center study, a sample size of at least 32 was computed. Overall 57 cases (40 DM-II subjects with no chronic kidney disease and 17 age and sex matched healthy controls) were included. The DM-II subjects comprised moderate albuminuria (n=22) and no-albuminuria (n=18) subgroups. Bilateral renal parenchymal 2D-SWV values were separately measured from upper, mid and lower portions. Groups were compared with T test or Mann-Whitney-U test as appropriate. Inter-reader agreement was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The median age [55.5 (50-62) vs 55 (48.5-59.5) years, respectively, p=0.48] and gender rates [18 (45%) vs 10 (58.8%) females, respectively, p= 0.34] did not differ between DM-II and control groups. The average and individual portion 2D-SWV values were also similar (p>0.05 for all). The average 2D-SWV values were also similar between the albuminuria vs no-albuminuria subgroups. The interobserver agreement was good (ICC: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.19-0.88, p=0.006). Conclusion: The kidney elasticity does not seem to be disturbed in patients with diabetes and a preserved eGFR with or without moderate albuminuria.
Beliefs Toward Smoking and COVID-19, and The Pandemic Impact on Smoking Behavior and...
Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi
Muna Barakat

Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi

and 17 more

June 23, 2021
Background: The relationship between smoking and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still topical with mixed epidemiological evidence. However, the pandemic may affect people’s beliefs towards smoking as well as smoking behavior and quit intentions. Considering high smoking rates in Jordan, our current study aimed to assess the following points in a community-based sample from Jordan: (i) the beliefs that surround smoking and COVID-19, (ii) the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan utilizing an online questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 13 items on sociodemographic, health, and smoking profiles, 14 items to assess beliefs surrounding COVID-19 and the use of combustible cigarettes (CC), waterpipe (WP), and electronic cigarettes (EC), and 12 items to assess the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. Results: Of 2424 survey respondents who participated in our study there were 1163 never-smokers, 1044 current smokers, and 217 ex-smokers. The mean age of participants was 35.2 years (SD:11.06). Most participants have shown anti-smoking beliefs with around 72.9% believed that WP smoking is related to the risk of contracting COVID-19. Also, 71.7% believed that smoking CC may worsen the COVID-19 clinical course, while 74.1% of respondents believed that smoking has no protective effect against COVID-19. During the pandemic, about 28.1% and 19.3% of current smokers reported increased or reduced smoking, respectively, and many smokers reported their willingness to quit smoking due to the pandemic. Besides, 459 current smokers have expressed their plans/intention to quit smoking during the pandemic, of whom 27.5% (n=126) confirmed that the driving force for their decision is a COVID-19 related reason, such as self-protection (n=123) and protection of family members (=121) which were the most reported ones. Also, around 63 participants have successfully ceased smoking during the pandemic. However, only 22 of them reported that the main driving motivation of their successful quit attempt was the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: Most participants reported anti-smoking beliefs and attitudes during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the double-edged effect of the pandemic on smoking habits should be carefully considered, and reliable anti-smoking measures should be strengthened and sustained in the country.
Froin's syndrome secondary to disseminated staphylococcus infection in a COVID-19 pat...
Adrian  Soto Mota

Adrian Soto Mota

June 03, 2021
Bacterial CNS are rare in COVID 19 patients. We describe a patient with severe pneumonia and meningitis that developed Froin’s syndrome by Staphylococcus aureus; this suggests that immune dysregulation in patients with COVID-19 facilitate disseminating commensal bacterial infections from the skin or the mucous membranes. Keywords: Meningitis, Froin’s syndrome, COVID-19.
Serum periostin levels in COVID-19: is it useful as a new biomarker?
mehmet çabalak
Serdar Doğan

Mehmet Çabalak

and 3 more

June 03, 2021
Objectives: Severe disease characterized by interstitial pneumonia may develop in some cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Periostin has been associated with many respiratory diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether periostin could be a useful new biomarker in the follow-up and severity assessment of the disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: In the study, 32 patients followed up during May–July 2020 due to COVID-19 and 24 healthy controls were included. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, mild/moderate and severe, according to the severity of the disease. Serum periostin and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: It was observed that the periostin level was significantly higher in both mild/moderate cases and severe cases compared to the control group at first presentation. However, TGF-β levels at first presentation were similar between the groups. Conclusions: Our study is the first study to investigate periostin levels in patients with COVID-19, and we believe that periostin can be used as a new biomarker. Keywords: COVID-19, Periostin, TGF-β, Pneumonia, New Biomarker Coronaviruses are among the main pathogens that mainly target the human respiratory system. Severe disease characterized by interstitial pneumonia develops in 10-20% of patients. Periostin has recently been shown to be an indicator of disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether periostin could be a useful new biomarker in the follow-up and severity assessment of the disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This article demonstrated that periostin is a useful new biomarker for disease follow-up and severity in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. It is also the first study on periostin levels in patients with COVID-19
Environmental versus extra-organismal DNA
Jan Pawlowski
Laure Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil

Jan Pawlowski

and 2 more

June 03, 2021
A document by Jan Pawlowski. Click on the document to view its contents.
Reverse remodeling in new onset heart failure and its affection on the right side par...
Manal Adel
Yasser Sharaf

Manal Adel

and 3 more

June 03, 2021
Background Patient with new onset heart failure showed improvement in their EF and strain pattern along with improvement in cardiac biomarkers followed intervention procedures or device implantation and medical treatment. However right side changes are affected by these changes as well which needed further studies. Methods Hundred patients were included in a period starting from 2018 to 2020 and their follow up after 3-6 months :All patients underwent full assessment including Minnesota questionnaire of heart failure ,examination and echocardiography with focusing on global longitudinal ,circumferential strain ,right side areas and fractional area changes. Troponin I was evaluated at admission and follow up. Results There was significant change between patients at admission and follow up in Minnesta Q questionnaire from19.1±11.6 to 13.8 ±10.4 with P value (0.001) ,and change in troponin I 1.84.9 to 0.1 0.3 with P value <0.001.The Ejection fraction by 2D Simpson method showed statistically significant change from 30.6±8.5 to 41.9±14.0 with P value < 0.001, Moreover ESV index showed a significant decrease from 50.5±21.1 to 37.5±23.2 with P value of 0.017. Global longitudinal strain showed significant increase from 5.9±3.5 to 7.5 ±3.8with P value 0.024. The right side dimensions of end-systolic showed a significant increase from 9.8±4.5 to 8.2 ±3.4 with P value 0.008 .FAC showed a significant increase from a mean of 41.7±10.7 to 45.4 ±8.8 with P value of 0.008 . Conclusion: Significant changes affected the cardiac volumes parameters in reverse remodeled followed medical treatment and/ or revascularization affecting both left and right side parameters..
Investigation of serum isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and glutamate d...
Sahabettin Selek
Ayse Zehra Gul

Sahabettin Selek

and 6 more

June 03, 2021
Introduction: Preeclampsia, a high cause of fetomaternal morbidity-mortality, remains a significant burden affecting 8% of all pregnancies. Environmental conditions induce disease development leading to endothelial dysfunction in genetically predisposed women. Our aim is to discuss oxidative stress as a well-established contributing factor to disease progression with being the first study to show new evidence about serum dehydrogenase enzyme levels (isocitrate, malate, glutamate dehydrogenase) with oxidative markers (myeloperoxidase, total antioxidant-oxidant status, oxidative stress index). Methods: Serum parameters were analyzed with photometric method (Abbott ARCHITECT c8000). Results: Results showed that the enzyme levels and oxidative markers were significantly higher in patients, supporting the redox imbalance in preeclampsia. According to ROC analysis, malate dehydrogenase showed an outstanding diagnostic ability with the highest AUC value of 0.9 and the cut-off value of 51.2 IU/L. Discriminant analysis including malate, isocitrate and glutamate dehydrogenase had predicted preeclampsia with an overall %87.9 accuracy. Discussion: Considering the above results, we propose that the enzyme levels increase with oxidative stress functioning as antioxidant defense factors. The unique finding of the study is that the serum levels of malate, isocitrate and glutamate dehydrogenase can be used both separately and combined in the early prediction of preeclampsia. As a novel approach, we also offer combining serum isocitrate and glutamate dehydrogenase levels with ALT, AST tests to state liver functions more reliably in patients. Still, larger sample-sized studies investigating enzyme expression levels are required to confirm the recent findings and to reveal underlying mechanisms.
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