The last influenza pandemic in 2009 emerged from swine and surveillance of swine influenza is important for pandemic preparedness. Movement of swine during husbandry, trade or marketing for slaughter provide opportunities for transfer and possible genetic reassortment of swine influenza viruses. Over 90% of the swine slaughtered at the central swine abattoir in Hong Kong are imported from farms located in multiple provinces in mainland China. There is opportunity for virus cross-infection during this transport and slaughter process. Of the 26,980 swabs collected in the slaughterhouse in Hong Kong from 5 th January 2012 to 15 th December 2016, we analyzed sequence data on influenza A (H3N2) virus isolates (n = 174) in conjunction with date of sampling and originating farm. Molecular epidemiology provided evidence of virus cross-infection between swine originating from different farms during transport and also evidence of a virus lineage persisting in a swine farm for over 2 years. We used virus serology and isolation data from 4,226 paired pig serum and nasal swabs collected from swine originating from Guangdong Province to compare the force of infection (FOI) during transport and within farms. The mean weekly FOI during transport was λ t = 0.0286 (95% CI = 0.0211-0.0391) while the weekly FOI in farms was λ f = 0.0089 (95% CI = 0.0084-0.0095), assuming a duration of stay in farm of 28 weeks, suggesting increased force of infection during the transport process. Potential risk factors for infection including the duration in transport, length of stay at slaughterhouse and farm-level seroprevalence were also assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Transport may increase virus cross-infection rates and provide opportunities for virus reassortment potentially increasing zoonotic risk to those involved in the transportation and slaughtering processes.

We sought to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 was present, and to perform full-length genomic sequencing, in a 5-year-old male crossbreed dog that presented with flu-like symptoms (including a dry hacking cough and mild dyspnea) and resided in a household with 3 adults that were diagnosed with SARS CoV-2 infection. Next generation sequencing based on MinION technology was performed on amplicons that were generated using a reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal and buccal swabs, as well as a bronchoalveolar lavage with mean qCt value of 36 based on the Nucleocapsid gene. Descriptive comparisons to known sequences in Botswana and internationally were made using mutation profiling analysis and phylogenetic inferences based on maximum likelihood. Samples from the dog’s owners were not available. A near-full length SARS-CoV-2 genome (~90% coverage) was successfully genotyped and classified under clade 20 O and Pango-Lineage AY.43 (Pango v.4.0.6 PLEARN-v1.3; 2022-04-21), which is a sub-lineage of the Delta variant of concern (VOC) (formerly called B.1.617.2, first detected in India). We did not identify novel mutations that may be used to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the dog and humans. In addition to S region mutation profiling, we performed phylogenetic analysis using Delta sequences from Botswana (n=1303); expectedly, the sequence isolated from the dog was closely related to the Delta sequences, particularly the AY.43, AY.116, and B.1.617.2 sub-lineages that were reported in Botswana within the same time frame. This is the first documented report of human-associated SARS-CoV-2 infection in a dog in Botswana. Although the direction of transmission remains unknown, this study further affirms the need for monitoring pets during different COVID-19 waves for possible clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 transmissions between species.

Left atrial dissection is a rare complication of cardiac surgery and percutaneous cardiac procedures. It is defined as a false blood-filled cavity or lumen from mitral annular area to the left atrial free wall or into the atrial septum thereby creating a new chamber with or without communications with the true left atrium [1]. We have reviewed literature and describe a case where echocardiography led to early recognition of this rare entity.

Background: In patients with advanced cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy, there are conflict perspectives about the influence of concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We are aimed at exploring the influence of concomitant PPIs exposure on clinical outcome among cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment. Methods: We searched relevant literatures in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library without language restrictions. We extracted the data from selected studies and calculated the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through professional software for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) among cancer patients undergoing ICIs therapy exposed to PPIs. Results: Fourteen studies including 6716 advanced cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment were appropriate for analysis judging by pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The result indicated that concomitant PPIs exposure was significantly related to shorter OS (HR 1.388; 95%CI:1.278-1.498, P<0.001) and PFS (HR 1.285;95%CI:1.193-1.384, P<0.001) among multiple cancer patients receiving ICIs therapy. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed that concomitant PPIs exposure had adverse impact on clinical outcome among patients receiving ICIs therapy. Clinical oncologists must be cautious of PPIs delivery during ICIs treatment.

Purpose: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare complication of pregnancy manifesting with acute cardiac failure. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be complicated by cardiomyopathy, which can be difficult to differentiate from PPCM. The aim of this publication is to investigate different outcomes of cases with cardiomyopathy during pregnancy. Methods: Here, we report 4 peripartum cases with COVID-19 and acute cardiac failure due to cardiomyopathy. Moreover, to find previous similar cases, a comprehensive review on PPCM and COVID-19 associated cardiomyopathy was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Results: Out of 4 cases we had, two cases deceased and one became a candidate for heart transplant. Despite advanced diagnostic approaches, differentiating COVID-19 associated cardiomyopathy from PPCM was challenging. According to the literature review, 7 cases with similar conditions were found. Conclusion: Pregnant women with COVID-19 may develop acute cardiac failure associated with PPCM or COVID-19 associated cardiomyopathy or both. This condition may be deadly due to rapid disease progression, atypical manifestations, and limited treatment options.

Objective: To investigate the expression and prognostic value of neural-related genes (NRGs) in endometrial cancer (EC). Design: Bioinformatics Analysis. Setting: Bioinformatics Database. Population or sample: Sample with endometrial cancer. Methods: We classified endometrial cancer cases into two subgroups based on NRGs expression and evaluated the differences between the two subtypes. A prognostic prediction model was established by LASSO-Cox analysis to screen for prognosis-associated genes. Main outcome measures: overall survival (OS), enriched pathways, correlation analysis of clinical features, immune cell infiltration, immune response, tumor mutation burden (TMB). Results: EC was classified into two subtypes based on the expression of NRGs, and significant variations in clinical staging, pathological grading, and immune regulation were found between the two subtypes. The prognostic model revealed that increased NRGs expression was linked to a poor prognosis in endometrial cancer patients. Conclusions: In endometrial cancer, the genes CHRM2, GRIN1, L1CAM, and SEMA4F were found to be strongly linked to clinical stage, immune infiltration, immune response, and key signaling pathways. The genes CHRM2, GRIN1, L1CAM, and SEMA4F may serve as potential biomarker for endometrial cancer prognosis. Funding: This work was in part supported by Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Project of Lanzhou (2020-RC-52).

Species and subspecies of primates occur in different parts of Ethiopia, and some of them are successful crop raiders. The study aimed to investigate the population status of the Anubis baboon (Papio anubis) and Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and crop raiding activities in southern Ethiopia. The data was collected through direct observation of 14 transects during both the dry and wet seasons. The information on the impact of the primates on the local farmers was collected via a questionnaire survey. A non-parametric chi-square test was used to compare the seasonal variations in species composition and abundance of individuals among the habitats. There was no significant relationship between Chlorocebus pygerythrus (χ2 = 0.437, df = 1, p > 0.05) and Papio anubis population size during the wet and dry seasons in either habitat type (χ2 = 0.013, df = 1, p > 0.05). Most of the Papio anubis and Chlorocebus pygerythrus were recorded at the sub-adult stage in both habitats. The highest crop-damage record by the Papio anubis was at the ripened stage, whereas that by Chlorocebus pygerythrus was at the flowering stage. The least damage recorded by both Papio anubis and Chlorocebus pygerythrus was at the seedling stage. The annual loss of the maize crop by the primates was estimated at approximately $297. Watching and chasing were the most popular methods of primate crop loss mitigation. There is a need for effective forest management and the formulation of conservation strategies to maintain primate status and to minimize crop loss.

Aim Sequencing of the mitogenome of Hygrobates turcicus Pešić, Esen & Dabert, 2017 to expand knowledge of the polymorphism and cryptic or pseudocryptic diversity within Hydrachnidia. Location Bulgaria, Vidima River near Debnewo, 42°56’41.4“N, 24°48’44.6”E, depth 0.4 m, stones on the bottom, water flow 0.71 m/s, temperature 10oC, pH 8.53, oxygen 110 %, conductivity 279 µS/cm, hardness 121 CaO mg/l; 11 males, 27 females, 2 deutonymphs 12.x.2019 leg. Zawal, Michoński & Bańkowska; one male and one female dissected and slides mounted. Methods DNA extraction, sequencing, assembly and annotation, comparison with other populations of H. turcicus, multigene phylogeny Results The mitogenome is 15.006 bp long and encodes for 13 proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. The genome is colinear with those of H. longiporus and H. taniguchii, the difference of size originating from a non-coding region located between protein-coding genes ND4L and ND3. Five genes were found to have alternative start-codon, and four display premature termination. The multigene phylogeny obtained using all mitochondrial protein-coding genes unambiguously associates H. turcicus with the cluster formed by H. longiporus and H. taniguchii. Keywords: complete mitogenome, freshwater biodiversity, integrative taxonomy, Trombidiformes, water mites.

A document by Isioma Okolo. Click on the document to view its contents.

Sexual signals are important in speciation, but understanding their evolution is complex as these signals are often composed of multiple, genetically interdependent components. To understand how signals evolve, we thus need to consider selection responses in multiple components and account for the genetic correlations among components. One intriguing possibility is that selection changes the genetic covariance structure of a multicomponent signal in a way that facilitates a response to selection. However, this hypothesis remains largely untested empirically. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary response of the multicomponent female sex pheromone blend of the moth Heliothis subflexa to 10 generations of artificial selection. We observed a selection response of about 3/4s of a phenotypic standard deviation in the components under selection. Interestingly, other pheromone components that are biochemically and genetically linked to the components under selection did not change. We also found that after the onset of selection, the genetic covariance structure diverged, resulting in the disassociation of components under selection and components not under selection across the first two genetic principle components. Our findings provide rare empirical support for an intriguing mechanism by which a sexual signal can respond to selection without possible constraints from indirect selection responses.

Towards to a lower rate of cesarean delivery on maternal request : stick to indicationRui-Hong Xue1,MD

Cold stress is the main abiotic stress in temperate fruit crops, affecting the yield and fruit quality of apple in China and European countries. The plant receptor-like kinase FERONIA is involved in abiotic stresses. However, little is known about its function in apple cold resistance. In this study, the apple FERONIA receptor-like kinase encoding gene MdMRLK2 was rapidly induced by cold treatment. MdMRLK2 overexpression apple plants showed enhanced cold resistance relative to wild-type. Further analyses indicated that, under cold condition, MdMRLK2 overexpression apple plants had i) reduced activities of polygalacturonase, pectinate lyase, pectinesterase and cellulase; ii) higher contents of water insoluble pectin, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose; iii) more soluble sugars and free amino acids accumulation; iv) reduced photosystem damage. Intriguingly, MdMRLK2 interacted with MdMYBPA1 and promoted its binding to MdANS and MdUFGT promoters, leading to increased anthocyanin biosynthesis. Collectively, these findings unveiled a novel function of apple FERONIA MdMRLK2 in regulating cold resistance.

Tumor cells escape anti-tumor immune response in various ways, including functionally shaping the microenvironment through secretion of various chemokines, cytokines, etc. Adenosine is a powerful immunosuppressive metabolite, which is frequently found to be elevated in the extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, it has been proposed as a novel antitumor immunoassay to target adenosine generating enzymes such as CD39, CD73, and adenosine receptors in recent years. The discovery of the immune checkpoint such as programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have also greatly changed the treatment methods and ideas of malignant tumors. The idea of malignant tumor immunotherapy has been developed from point-to-point therapy targeting immune checkpoint to combine different points of different pathway to create a kind of therapy based on macroscopic immune regulatory system network. This article reviews the theoretical basis of adenosine energy axis and immune checkpoint combined therapy for malignant tumors and the latest advances in malignant tumors.

I warmly contact you as a role of a reader. First, I would like to thank you for publishing the review of the book mentioned. Book reviews entitled “Development of farming systems in the Mekong delta, Vietnam, edited by Vo-Tong Xuan and Sheigo Matsui. Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 1998. No ISBN given, US$3.50 (paperback), 318 pp” Author: C. Howie; Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, GL7 6JS, UK https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.494 However, I do think that the author could consider three points: 1. The name of the institute the author mentioned is not correct (“Cu Long Rice Research Institute”). It is “Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute.” Please correct the institute name. Kindly refer: https://www.gfar.net/organizations/cuu-long-delta-rice-research-institute 2. The term “doi moi” (Đổi Mới, in Vietnamese) you wrote is exactly what the household contracting was presented in Resolution 10-NQ/TW in 1988 (it was officially synchronized nationwide in 1988). Thus, you could consider using “Resolution 10-NQ/TW in 1988” instead of “doi moi.” Using “doi moi” is not correct in this case and it did not reflect the whole content of the resolution. Kindly refer more: https://dangcongsan.vn/tu-lieu-tham-khao-cuoc-thi-trac-nghiem-tim-hieu-90-nam-lich-su-ve-vang-cua-dang-cong-san-viet-nam/tu-lieu-cuoc-thi/nghi-quyet-cua-bo-chinh-tri-ve-doi-moi-quan-ly-kinh-te-nong-nghiep-543530.html 3. This sentence “Until the late 1980s the river was an important Cold War fault-line between the communist and non-communist worlds.” I think the author had been confused about the Cold War fault-line in Vietnam (DMZ), which is “17th parallel, Thach Han river, Quang Tri province, Central Vietnam region”, not at the Mekong delta. Please double-check and correct this information. Kindly refer: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Viet-Minh http://dsvh.gov.vn/di-tich-lich-su-doi-bo-hien-luong-ben-hai-2974#:~:text=Sau%20khi%20Hi%E1%BB%87p%20%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh%20Gi%C6%A1,c%E1%BB%AD%20th%E1%BB%91ng%20nh%E1%BA%A5t%20%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t%20n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_Demilitarized_Zone Thank you for taking the time to read my feedback.

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to calculate the fatigue life of the key components of CT601-8 operating mechanism affected by the impact loading at high crash rate, a modified local stress-strain method is proposed. In order to solve the problem that the stress-time curve of roller pin shaft can not be measured in the impact process, the static simulation of the whole model is carried out. Then combined with the display dynamic LS-DYNA numerical calculation, the stress dynamic changes of key parts are obtained. Last by comparing the measured data with the simulation results and according to the modified Manson-Coffin formula, the model for calculating the impact-fatigue life is obtained. The results show that the stress concentration part of roller and door lock slab is the same as the failure zone of parts in the actual test process, and the equivalent stress of door lock slab is similar to the simulation results with the relative error of 18.27%. The fatigue life obtained by the modified local stress-strain method is 1862 times, 12.3% different from the actual life. The simulation results have important reference value for the calculation of the fatigue life of this type of spring operating mechanism.      Key words:

A document by Aviti T. Mushi. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Aviti T. Mushi. Click on the document to view its contents.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of INTERGROWTH-21st and World Health Organization (WHO) fetal growth charts to identify small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) neonates as well as their specific risks for adverse neonatal outcomes. Design: Multicenter cross-sectional study. Setting: Ten maternity units across four Latin American countries, 2016-2018. Population: 67,968 singleton live births. Methods: According to each standard, the neonates were classified as SGA and FGR (birthweight <10th and <3rd centiles, respectively). Main Outcomes Measures: The relative risk (RR) and diagnostic performance for the occurrence of a low Apgar score and low ponderal index were calculated for each standard. Results: The WHO charts identified more neonates as SGA than IG-21st (13.9% vs. 7%, respectively). 6.9% babies were considered SGA only by the WHO chart. Compared to normally grown babies, neonates classified as FGRs by both standards had the highest RR for a low Apgar (RR: 5.57; 95% CI: 3.99–7.78), followed by those SGA by both curves (RR: 3.27; 95% CI: 2.52–4.24), while SGAs identified by WHO alone did not have an additional risk (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.55–1.39). Furthermore, the diagnostic odds ratio for a low Apgar was higher when INTERGROWTH-21st was used than when SGA and FGR were defined by WHO charts. Conclusions: In a large population of singleton deliveries from Latin America, the WHO fetal growth charts seem to identify significantly more SGA neonates than the INTERGROWTH-21st charts, but the diagnostic performance of the latter for low Apgar score and low ponderal index is better.

BACKGROUD: More and more older patients experiencing atrial fibrillation（AF）with other structural heart diseases select the constant Cox-Maze IV procedure during cardiac surgery, but few studies have reported whether the older patients benefited from the Cox-Maze IV procedure. The purpose of this report is to present a retrospective analysis of the use of the Cox-Maze IV procedure in the elderly. METHODS: All participants in our center who underwent the concomitant Cox-Maze IV procedure from January 2011 to September 2018 were included in the study. The clinical data of the patients were analyzed, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were implemented. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the constant Cox-Maze IV procedure on elderly patients with AF. RESULTS: A total of 57 patients aged ≥70 years (73.00±2.68 years) were compared to 269 patients aged <70 years (56.94±8.99 years). During follow-up, atrial fibrillation recurred in 79 (24.23%) patients. The total sinus maintenance rates were 88.7%, 84.5%, and 74.9% after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. In multivariable models, factors of aging [HR: 1.84 (1.02-3.32), p<0.05], female sex [HR: 1.72 (1.08-2.74), p<0.05], hypertension [HR: 2.16 (1.21-3.83), p<0.05], left atrial diameter [HR: 1.05 (1.03-1.08), p<0.05], and aortic surgery [HR: 0.52 (0.29-0.94), p<0.05] were associated with AF recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Aging is a novel risk factor for atrial fibrillation recurrence. Patient sex, age, left atrial diameter, and hypertension should all be taken into account in deciding if elderly patients suffering from AF should undergo the Cox-Maze procedure. Keywords:  Atrial fibrillation; Cox-Maze IV; Risk factor; Elderly

Background: We compared staged percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with mitral valve replacement (MVR) in patients with combined single vessel and rheumatic mitral valve disease. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 80 patients with combined single coronary artery (requiring revascularization in non-LAD (Left Anterior Descending artery) territory) and rheumatic mitral valve disease, divided into two groups; Group I consisting of 40 patients who underwent staged PCI, and mitral valve replacement 3 months later, and Group II consisting of 40 patients who underwent combined CABG (using saphenous venous graft) and mitral valve replacement. We compared between both groups. Results: The median aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were 44 and 62 minutes for Group I, versus 60.5 and 82 minutes for Group II, that difference between groups is statistically significant. 8 patients (20%) in Group I needed inotropic support versus 12 patients (30%) in Group II, which is not statistically significant. No patients in both groups did need any mechanical support in the form of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). None of the patients in both groups had intraoperative ECG (electrocardiogram) changes in the form of ischemia or arrhythmias. The median intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (hours) and hospital length of stay (days) were 39 hours and 5.5 days for Group I, versus 56.5 hours and 8.5 days for Group II, that difference between groups is statistically significant. The median blood loss (ml) postoperatively was 925 in group I versus 1075 in group II, which is statistically significant. However, the rate of re-exploration for bleeding did not differ significantly between both groups, with 1 case only (2.5%) in group I versus 2 cases (5%) in group II, and no postoperative delayed cardiac tamponade noted in any of the two groups. The post-operative complications for groups I and II included 0 (0%) versus 3 (7.5%) prolonged mechanical ventilation (>24 h), 0 (0%) versus 1 (2.5%) respiratory complications, 0 (0%) versus 2 (5%) wound infection, 0 (0%) versus 1 (2.5%) cerebrovascular accidents, 2 (5%) versus 1 (2.5%) acute kidney injury, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding these previous post-operative complications. None of the patients in both groups died within the first 30 days after surgery. None of the patients in both groups had major cardiac events or CCU (Cardiac Care Unit) admission. Regional wall motion abnormalities were noted in 15 patients (37.5%) of group I versus 17 patients (42.5%) of group II, who all undergone stress ECG, of whom 9 patients (22.5%) in group I versus 11 patients (27.5%) in group II showed positive results, and qualified for diagnostic coronary angiography, which confirmed the need for reoperation for myocardial ischemia/infarction within the first year of follow up post-operatively in 4 patients (10%) of group I versus 8 patients (20%) of group II. All these follow up outcomes showed no significant difference between both groups. Conclusions: A staged approach of PCI followed by MVR is an alternative to the conventional combined CABG and MVR, can be performed safely in some patients with single coronary artery and MV disease, and is associated with good short and follow-up outcomes

A document by Zhengyang Sun. Click on the document to view its contents.

Many drugs have adverse absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretory (ADME) properties that prevent their widespread use or limit their use in some indications. In addition to preparation techniques and prodrug strategies, deuterium modification is a viable method for improving ADME properties. Deuteriated drugs have attracted increasing attention from the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. To date, two deuterated drugs have been approved by the FDA. In 2017, austedo was approved by the FDA as a new drug for huntington’s disease in the United States, which is the first deuterium drug to be marketed in the world. Recently (June 9, 2021), donafinil is listed in China, this result has caused major pharmaceutical companies and the pharmaceutical industry to pay attention to deuterium technology again. In addition, BMS-986165, RT001, ALK-001, HC-1119, AVP-786 and other drugs are in phase Ⅲ clinical studies, and some deuterium solid compounds have entered phase I and Ⅱclinical trials. At present, deuterium strategy has been widely used in pharmaceutical research, and has become a hot spot in pharmaceutical research in recent years.In this paper, the research and development of deuterated drugs are reviewed, and the influence of deuterium modification on drugs, the advantages of deuterium strategies and the synthesis strategies of deuterated drugs are mainly introduced. Hope to provide reference for clinical application, discovery of new deuterium chemical entities and research and development of new deuterated drugs.

To develop hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), identify novel target and lead compound for pediatric non alcoholic fatty liver disease (ped-NAFLD). Hydroethanolic extract (PG-HM) and sequential fractions of locally collected leaves of P.guajava were prepared and standardized for quercetin content using LC-MS/MS. The effect of PG-HM on markers of ped-NAFLD in weaned rats with unrestricted access to liquid fructose (15%) till puberty and early adulthood, was evaluated. The PG-HM was investigated using 1) HepG2 cells grown in fructose containing medium for intercellular signalling, 2) isolated murine hepatocytes for mitochondrial effects, 3) jejunum isolated from fructose drinking rats for effect on ex vivo fructose transport, 4) molecular dynamics for in silico binding of quercetin with GLUT5, 5) normal rats for oral pharmacokinetics. The quercetin content in PG-HM was 3630.66 ± 17.61 ng ml-1 and the Cmax and Tmax were 140.527 ± 5.718 ng ml-1 and 0.75 ± 0.079 h, respectively. The PG-HM mitigated ped-NAFLD through hepatic signalling pathways of 1) leptin-insulin (Akt/FOX-O1/SREBP-1c), 2) hypoxia-inflammation (HIF-1ɑ/VEGF, TNF-ɑ), 3) mitochondrial function (complexes I-V), 4) oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, SOD) and 5) glycolysis/gluconeogenesis/de novo lipogenesis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, ketohexokinase, aldehyde dehydrogenase). For the first time, the PG-HM is reported to reduce and delay the fructose transport across jejunum that may be implicated to the binding of quercetin with GLUT5. For prevention and treatment of ped-NAFLD, the PG-HM, GLUT5 and quercetin are evidenced as dietary supplement, drug target and lead compound, respectively.

Cyclic code is an interesting topic in coding theory and communication systems. In this paper, two families of optimal ternary cyclic codes with parameters $[3^m-1,3^m-2m-1,4]$ are presented. The first family of cyclic codes with two zeros $\pi$ and $\pi^v$ is constructed by using multivariate method. The second family of cyclic codes with two zeros $\pi^2$ and $\pi^v$ is obtained by analyzing irreducible factors of certain polynomials with finite degrees over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{3^m}$, where $\pi$ is a generator of $\mathbb{F}_{3^m}^*$.