We are concerned with the existence and qualitative properties of travelling wave solutions for a quasilinear reaction-diffusion equation on the real line. We consider a non-Lipschitz reaction term of Fisher--KPP type and a discontinuous diffusion coefficient that allows for degenerations and singularities at equilibrium points. We investigate the joint influence of the reaction and diffusion terms on the existence and nonexistence of travelling waves and, assuming these terms are of power-type near equilibria, we provide classification of solutions based on their asymptotic properties. Our approach provides a broad theoretical background for the mathematical treatment of rather general models not only in population dynamics but also in other applied sciences and engineering.

The incidence of food allergy (FA) has continued to rise over the last several decades, posing significant burdens on health and quality of life. Significant strides into the advancement of FA diagnosis, prevention, and treatment have been made in recent years. In an effort to lower reliance on resource-intensive food challenges, the field has continued work toward the development of highly sensitive and specific assays capable of high-throughput analysis to assist in the diagnosis FA. In looking toward early infancy as a critical period in the development of allergy or acquisition of tolerance, evidence has increasingly suggested that early intervention via the early introduction of food allergens and maintenance of skin barrier function may decrease the risk of FA. As such, largescale investigations are underway evaluating infant feeding and the impact of emollient and steroid use in infants with dry skin for the prevention of allergy. On the other end of the spectrum, the past few years have been witness to an explosive increase in clinical trials of novel and innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at the treatment of FA in those whom the disease has already manifested. A milestone in the field, 2020 marked the approval of the first drug, oral peanut allergen, for the indication of peanut allergy. With a foundation of promising data supporting the safety and efficacy of single- and multi-allergen oral immunotherapy, current efforts have turned toward the use of probiotics, biologic agents, and modified allergens to optimize and improve upon existing paradigms. Through these advancements, the field hopes to gain footing in the ongoing battle against FA.

This article proposes a modified numerical algorithm based on a finite-difference scheme and the 3-Scale Haar approach for numerical simulation of the fractional KdV-Burgers differential equation. The multi-resolution utilize to develop the wavelet basis functions. The convergence of the proposed algorithm convinces its error analysis. The Haar solution shows decent concurrence with the analytical solutions and other existing techniques present in the literature. The Haar solutions reveal that the proposed procedure is profoundly viable and helpful for the fractional partial differential equation.

A document by Michel Skaf. Click on the document to view its contents.

Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) has revolutionized management of aortic arch and proximal descending aorta pathologies. Despite significant advancement in FET prosthesis design in recent years, adverse outcomes related with neurologic and visceral ischemic events remained unsolved. To address this issue, several publications evaluated protection strategies to reduce body lower ischemic time. In the present commentary we put the technique promoted as “Release and Perfuse Technique” on scale that is for achievement of less lower body circulatory arrest time.

Density functional calculations have been carried out to investigate the possibility of trapping of noble gas dimers by cyclo[18]carbon dimer. Parallel-displaced conformation of the cyclo[18]carbon dimer is found to be the minimum energy structure. Non-covalent interaction is found to hold the noble gas dimers. The lighter noble gases (He, Ne) posses repulsive interactions, the heavier one (Ar, Kr) are held by attractive interactions forming genuine bonds. Each of the noble gas atoms in turn forms non-covalent interaction with the cyclo[18]carbon monomers. The bond dissociation energy of the noble gas dimers dramatically increases inside the cyclo[18]carbon dimer. Energy decomposition analysis reveals that dispersion plays the major role towards the stabilization energy.

One of the major bottlenecks of the traditional Current Transformer Energy Harvester (CTEH) is the instable output induced by the wide-range variations of the current in transmission lines. In this work, a novel CTEH capable of generating a stable output is demonstrated by using a core fabricated with saturable magnetic material. The stable output of the CTEH is enabled by the constant voltage-time product in its saturable characteristic. The proposed CTEH is implemented with a resistive load representing the load of electronic devices. When the current in the primary side of the CTEH’s increases from 1A to 1000A, the maximum power on the load can reach about 0.5W, demonstrating the feasibility of using the CTEH with the saturable magnetic core as a quasi-stable power supply.

In distributed passive localization and tracking system, the track observed by the subsystem seems like Brownian motion track, because the tracked target is non-cooperative target and its maneuver is often complex, and the localization accuracy is poor. These track characteristics will seriously disturb track association between different subsystems. In order to solve this problem, the track to track association algorithm based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is proposed in this letter. Each dimension data of the track from each subsystem is processed by EMD and the high frequency components are eliminated. A track motion trend (MT) vector is created by collecting the rest components of the processed data. For these vectors, the corresponding rule is constructed, in which the association threshold is self-adaptive, and the assumption of the target motion model is not required. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can accomplish track association effectively in passive localization systems.

A document by Usama Thakur. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Deep Bhattacharjee . Click on the document to view its contents.

TYPE OF ARTICLE: Original Article Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary IslandsSara Martín-Hernanz1, 2*, Manuel Nogales3, Luis Valente4, 5, Mario Fernández-Mazuecos6, 7, Fernando Pomeda-Gutiérrez1, Emilio Cano1, Patricia Marrero1, 3, Jens M. Olesen8, Ruben Heleno9, Pablo Vargas11Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid - CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 2Departament of Plant Biology and  Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. 3Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. 4Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 5 Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 6Departament of Biology (Plant Biology), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.7Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 8Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. 9Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associated Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal.The article should be cited as: Sara Martín-Hernanz, Manuel Nogales, Luis Valente, Mario Fernández-Mazuecos, Fernando Pomeda-Gutiérrez, Emilio Cano, Patricia Marrero, Jens M. Olesen, Ruben Heleno, Pablo Vargas. Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary Islands. Authorea.  DOI: 10.22541/au.165212305.54923019/v1  * For correspondence. E-mail sara.martin.hernanz@gmail.comRunning title: Origin of thermophilous plants from the Canary Islands Summary·       Background and Aims The Canary Islands have strong floristic affinities with the Mediterranean Basin. One of the most characteristic and diverse vegetation belt of the archipelago is the thermophilous woodland (between 200 and 900 m). This thermophilous plant community consists of many non-endemic species shared with the Mediterranean Floristic Region together with Canarian endemic species. Consequently, phytogeographic studies have historically proposed the hypothesis of a origin of the Canarian thermophilous species following the establishment of the summer-dry mediterranean climate in the Mediterranean Basin around 2.8 million years ago.·       Methods Time-calibrated phylogenies for 39 plant groups including Canarian thermophilous species were primarily analysed to infer colonization times. In particular, we used 26 previously-published phylogenies together with 13 time-calibrated phylogenies (including newly generated plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data) to assess whether the time interval between stem and crown ages of Canarian thermophilous lineages postdates 2.8 Ma. For lineages postdating this time threshold, we additionally conducted ancestral area reconstructions to infer the potential source area for colonization.·       Key Results A total of 43 Canarian thermophilous lineages were identified from 39 plant groups. Both mediterranean (16) and pre-mediterranean (9) plant lineages were found. However, we failed to determine the temporal origin for 18 lineages because a stem-crown time interval overlaps with the 2.8 Ma threshold. The spatial origin of thermophilous lineages was also heterogeneous, including ancestral areas from the Mediterranean Basin (nine) and other regions (six).·       Conclusions Our findings reveal an unexpectedly heterogeneous origin of the Canarian thermophilous species in terms of colonization times and mainland source areas. A substantial proportion of the lineages arrived in the Canaries before the summer-dry climate was established on the Mediterranean Basin. The complex temporal and geographical origin of Canarian thermophilous species challenges the view of the Canary Islands (and Madeira) as a subregion within the Mediterranean Floristic Region.Keywords: thermophilous woodland, Canary Islands, Mediterranean Floristic Region, colonization times, stem age, crown age, ancestral area, extinction 

To deal with the problem that performance degradation of airborne phased array system is caused by the serious shortage of independent and identical distributed (IID) training samples in the nonhomogeneous clutter environment, an improved direct data domain method based on sparse Bayesian learning is proposed, which can only use single snapshot data of cell under test (CUT) to suppress the clutter. In this paper, the iterative formulas of three hyper-parameters are first given. Then, the sparsity solution of CUT is obtained. Lastly, with the approximate prior information of target, the clutter covariance matrix (CCM) is effectively estimated to calculate the adaptive filter weight and realize the clutter suppression. Simulation results verify that the proposed approach has more superior heterogeneous clutter suppression performance while dramatically decreasing the computational burden.

A document by Ron Ragusa. Click on the document to view its contents.

Ecosystem carbon sequestration services (CSSs) are the most important ecosystem services (ESs) to mitigate global warming. Multiple soil and water conservation projects (SWCPs) have been implemented to restore disturbed ecosystems on the Loess Plateau, China. However, responses of CSSs to SWCPs are unclear due to trade-offs between CSSs and other ESs. Here, we quantified key ESs (i.e. carbon sequestration, water yield, soil conservation and crop production) and the spatio-temporal trade-off relationships by using RS/GIS techniques and ecosystem modeling in the Yanhe Basin, Loess Plateau, during 1990-2020. Additionally, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to estimate the direct and indirect inflences of multiple SWCPs including check dams, terraces and Grain for Green (GFG) on CSSs. Results show that CSSs has improved to 457 t/ha in 2020, which was twice compared to 1990. Here in, 57% of CSSs changes were explained by ESs and SWCPs. That is, water yield (-77%), soil conservation (76%), crop production (22%), GFG (80%), check dams (16%), and terraces (-72%), respectively. In order to balance trade-offs among ESs, GFG project with a focus on vegetation protection need to be prioritised, followed by check dams, and non-agricultural terraces such as [reverse-slope level terrace](http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=10019332&asa=Y&AN=63484555&h=G6mLycMgNlOVPgRoCYkOUk10bJVLBylqio15fIxfweqCrJzP5PEtwMoYDxnyvIpHMRMXk%2BO8V2wSOuIGuR9DpA%3D%3D&crl=c)s and fish-scale pits. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of how interacting processes of human activities at small catchments scales to influence carbon sequestration, and promote sustainable utlization of ESs in hill and gully regions of the Loess Plateau.

Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children is currently being reported around the world, especially in Europe and the United States.Of the 163 cases in the UK outbreak, 126 were tested for adenovirus, 91 were detected, and 18 of the 33 cases with adenovirus in the blood were successfully subtyped, all of which were type 41, a well-known cause of acute gastroenteritis in children[1].In the United Kingdom, positive adenovirus test reports in children aged 1-4 years decreased in the year beginning April 2020 compared to the previous 5 years, but have increased significantly since November 2021 compared to the previous 5 years[1]. The timing of this increase coincides with the occurrence of acute hepatitis of unknown origin. An increase in adenovirus circulation in the community has also been reported in the Netherlands recently [2]. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea were commonly reported prior to admission, which is consistent with the typical clinical presentation of type 41 infection, an intestinal adenovirus [1,3].Adenovirus DNA levels in blood and serum have been noted to be approximately 12 times higher in liver transplant recipients than in non-transplant recipients[4].Normally, however, adenoviruses do not cause hepatitis in children with healthy immunity[1]. In immunodeficiency, some serotypes of adenovirus have been reported to cause hepatitis, but even then, serotype 41 is not common[5].In the case of adenovirus, there is a ”threshold effect” that prevents the virus from reaching the hepatocyte unless adenovirus capture by liver Kupffer cells is saturated[6]. Therefore, a small amount of adenovirus in the blood does not readily infect hepatocytes, and if it does, there should be at least a finding that the Kupffer cells are saturated with adenovirus. However, liver biopsies from six U.S. patients showed no immunohistochemical evidence of adenovirus and no electron microscopic evidence of viral particles[3]. Therefore, it is unlikely that the adenovirus is infecting the hepatocytes and causing hepatitis.On the other hand, metagenomic analyses of blood and liver tissue have detected large amounts of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) [1].Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is used as a vector for gene therapy targeting hepatocytes and has the property of reaching hepatocytes efficiently. AAVs are generally considered non-pathogenic, but in a high-dose gene therapy trial with the AAV type 8 vector, two patients died due to progressive liver dysfunction[7].Temporary liver inflammation and transient elevation of liver enzymes following intravenous administration of AAV-2 are reported[8].Possible mechanisms of hepatotoxicity following high-dose intravenous administration of AAV may point to complement activation[9].It is possible that inadequate immunity to AAV-2 or large amounts of AAV-2 can cause liver dysfunction. Since AAV is a virus that can multiply only in the presence of helper viruses such as adenovirus, it is reasonable to assume that AAV-2, detected in large quantities in blood and liver, multiplied as a result of adenovirus type 41 infection.Adenovirus type 41 is transmitted through the fecal-oral route.Countries where hepatitis of unknown origin in children is seen tend to be those with good sanitary conditions, such as Europe, the United States, and Japan. Prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to adenovirus type 41 in Chinese children is associated with age and sanitary conditions[10]. The younger the age and the better the sanitary conditions, the lower the prevalence.The difference in adenovirus 41 neutralizing antibody titers diminished in children over 3 years of age[10]. These results indicate that childhood sanitary conditions is an important factor affecting adenovirus 41 neutralizing antibody titers. Neutralizing antibodies Prevalence of AAV-2 in adults is also low in the United States (30%) and Europe (about 35%), where sanitary conditions are considered good, and as high as 70% in Africa [11]. Positive rates of neutralizing antibodies to AAV-2 have also been reported to increase with age[12,13].A possible link between waned immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in the COVID-19 pandemic and the interseasonal re-emergence of RSV cases seen worldwide has been raised. [14].In countries with good sanitation, the proportion of children with low immunity to adenovirus and AAV-2 was originally high and may have been further exacerbated by the measures taken against COVID-19. If an outbreak of adenovirus 41 and AAV-2 were to occur among such children, it is possible that some children would develop hepatitis.Adenovirus and AAV are non-enveloped viruses, and alcohol disinfection is less effective. Considering the above possibilities, it would be appropriate for facilities where children congregate to use disinfectants effective against non-enveloped viruses, such as hypochlorous acid, and to increase the frequency of hand washing under running water, as a precautionary principle. Also, as was the case with the re-emergence of RSV cases seen worldwide, if this hepatitis in children were caused by the above, the epidemic could form a peak and converge in 2-3 months. Closure of child care facilities for short periods of time during the most prevalent epidemics may also be a consideration. It may also be useful to investigate whether the child’s attendance at day care centers or other facilities is a risk factor. During lockdown, it may be advisable to investigate the prevalence of adenovirus type 41 and AAV-2 antibodies in children, especially in countries with good original sanitary conditions.1. UK Health Security Agency. Investigation into acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children in England Technical briefing 2. London, United Kingdom: Department of Health and Social Care, UK Health Security Agency; 2022.https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1073704/acute-hepatitis-technical-briefing-2.pdf2. World Health Organization. Multi-Country – acute, severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2022. Accessed April 23, 2022.https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON3763. Baker JM, Buchfellner M, Britt W, et al. Acute Hepatitis and Adenovirus Infection Among Children - Alabama, October 2021-February 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 May 6;71(18):638-640. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7118e1. PMID: 35511732.https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7118e1.htm4. UK Health Security Agency. Investigation into acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children in England Technical briefing. London, United Kingdom: Department of Health and Social Care, UK Health Security Agency; 2022.https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1071198/acute-hepatitis-technical-briefing-1_4_.pdf5. Hierholzer JC. Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host. Clin Microbiol Rev 1992;5:262–74. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.5.3.262external icon6. Tao N, Gao GP, Parr M, et al. Sequestration of adenoviral vector by Kupffer cells leads to a nonlinear dose response of transduction in liver. Mol Ther. 2001 Jan;3(1):28-35. doi: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0227. PMID: 11162308.7. Morales L, Gambhir Y, Bennett J, Stedman HH. Broader Implications of Progressive Liver Dysfunction and Lethal Sepsis in Two Boys following Systemic High-Dose AAV. Mol Ther . 2020;28(8):1753-1755. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.0098. Wang L, Wang H, Bell P, et al. Systematic evaluation of AAV vectors for liver directed gene transfer in murine models. Mol Ther . 2010;18(1):118-125. doi:10.1038/mt.2009.2469. Flotte TR Editor-in-Chief. Revisiting the ”New” Inflammatory Toxicities of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors. Hum Gene Ther. 2020 Apr;31(7-8):398-399. doi: 10.1089/hum.2020.29117.trf. PMID: 32302233.10. Yang WX, Zou XH, Jiang SY, et al. Prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) and 41 (Ad41) in children is associated with age and sanitary conditions. Vaccine. 2016 Nov 4;34(46):5579-5586. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.043. PMID: 27682509; PMCID: PMC7115419.11. Roberto Calcedo, Luk H. Vandenberghe, Guangping Gao, et al. Worldwide Epidemiology of Neutralizing Antibodies to Adeno-Associated Viruses, The Journal of Infectious Diseases , Volume 199, Issue 3, 1 February 2009, Pages 381–390, https://doi.org/10.1086/59583012. Calcedo R, Morizono H, Wang L, et al. Adeno-associated virus antibody profiles in newborns, children, and adolescents. Clin Vaccine Immunol . 2011;18(9):1586-1588. doi:10.1128/CVI.05107-1113. Mimuro J, Mizukami H, Shima M, et al. The prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against adeno-associated virus capsids is reduced in young Japanese individuals. J Med Virol. 2014 Nov;86(11):1990-7. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23818. Epub 2013 Oct 17. PMID: 24136735.14. Frederic Reicherz, Rui Yang Xu, Bahaa Abu-Raya, et al. Waning immunity against respiratory syncytial virus during the COVID-19 pandemic, The Journal of Infectious Diseases , 2022;, jiac192, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac192

We are currently living at a time of recurring urgency, promise, and injustice for sexual and gender minorities worldwide. Deep poverty, socio-economicinequality and bigotry are those social variables effect individual, family, neighborhood, structural and demographic level and multi-sector and multistage procedures are mandatory to address socio-economic health determinants (Sakib, 2022). The right to health and access to healthcare for LGBTQ individuals are harmed by patterns of homophobic and transphobic violence, discriminatory and insufficient hate crime legislation, and laws that criminalize same-sex intimacy. LGBTQ people around the world are dealing with an HIV/AIDS epidemic among males who have sex with men and transgender women. Unfortunately, they as well suffer a the menace of substance abuse and mental health illnesses, as well as criminal violence. But the health sector is developing day by day. Even people are planning and implementing robotics in healthcare (Sakib, 2022) and blockchain technology in healthcare supply chain (Sakib, 2022). Even the effect of industrialization in health and environment is also considered. For example, even the effect of oil and gas development in Nigeria in health and environment is also highly considered (Sakib, 2021). But LGBTQ health is not given that much interest. In certain regions, the recognition of LGBTQ people’s legal rights has cleared the path for increased health-care access. I think the trend should continue like that. On the other hand, individuals from this hidden society have limited access to decent health care, as well as other basic human rights. Many LGBTQ people live in civilizations where their relationships or specific sexual acts are illegal, and they are forced to hide their existence for their own safety.LGBTQ persons face discrimination in healthcare and in receiving competent treatment, and these difficulties are likely to worsen in the event of a pandemic. Active discrimination, insensitivity and denial of treatment, fear of sexual stigma are all examples of marginalization, and trans-identified people may have additional difficulties in receiving sufficient medical care (Patel et al., 2020). I pitty these individuals since they feel trapped in what they cn not change. Within healthcare settings, LGBTQ people face microaggressions such as the use of heterosexist terminology, disapproval of LGBTQ experiences, and acceptance of heteronormative culture and practices (Dean et al., 2016).An increasing amount of global information have documented the health implications of criminalization legislation, discrimination, and stigma, in addition to the direct health repercussions of violence against LGBT individuals. These include the community’s mental health, particularly increased stress and depression, a fear of seeking help, increased risk behaviors, and a higher prevalence of certain diseases, perhaps most notably HIV, which continues to have a significant and disproportionate impact on men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people around the world. Apart from having a negative impact on LGBT people’s health and health-care seeking behavior, I think that is vital and a bit risky for health care professionals since such legislation can have a negative impact on them and other NGO members, as they might face discrimination for working with and providing services to LGBT people.Through international forums, the US government has given greater attention to the health and human rights of LGBT people around the world in recent years. In 2011, President Barack Obama issued a Presidential Memorandum that resulted to the first-ever United Nations resolution on sexual orientation and gender identity being passed. It was a very historical moment for the LGTQ society. Simultaneously, many of the nations that criminalize same-sex activity receive US global health assistance and/or are significant strategic allies of the US, posing complicated considerations about how to best address the health needs of LGBT people in those countries.There have been recent government actions in Nigeria, Uganda, India, and Russia that heightened the concern about the safety and well-being of LGBT people and the institutions that assist or employ them. I believe it was a nice move, very commendable since it will open way for improved global LGBTQ health. There are also concerns that other countries will copy the trend and emulate the policy in the near future. While the US government has started to create the framework for a stronger focus on LGBT human rights and health in its foreign assistance programs, there are still numerous concerns and uncertainties about how it should proceed in the short and long run. I have noted that while some countries have made significant progress, others are increasingly criminalizing same-sex relations and discriminating against LGBT persons, both of which are seen to have negative health effects..The prohibition of homosexuality has pushed people into hiding, hastening the spread of the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections. In some nations, health care providers may refuse to treat LGBT clients, and in the most extreme circumstances, health workers and allies may face criminal charges if they do not report LGBT people to the government. I suggest that we need reforms to break the stigma since global health care institutions have occasionally perpetuated oppression for intersex and/or transsexual people, while in other cases they have functioned as fierce advocates for equality.I commend the trend with Cameroon where the government has recognized homosexual men as a population group in its HIV National Strategic Plan in 2011, allowing state-sponsored health services to reach this previously untapped market. However, a major conflict arose: how to provide culturally acceptable services in a country where same-sex sexual actions are illegal. It appeared that two complementing techniques were viable. The human rights approach, which is based on equality. It asserts that all people have the right to health care and that stigmatization and discrimination against gay males must be eliminated.In a nutshell, I think that it is unfair and inhumane to deny members of the LGBTQ society basic health rights. It is evident that stigmatization and discrimination when left to continue, LGBTQ society will be forced to remain hidden from the health system for fear of criminal prosecution. The global goal of the public health approach, is based on access to healthcare and to halt the HIV epidemic in the world. A suspension on arrests was one of these strategies, allowing LGBTQ individuals to seek health care without fear of being prosecuted. By incorporating this hidden society, we stand a chance at universal global health for everyone.ReferencesThe U.S. Government and Global LGBT Health: Opportunities and Challenges in the Current Era – Appendix – 8587. KFF. (2022). Retrieved 19 April 2022, from https://www.kff.org/report-section/the-u-s-government-and-global-lgbt-health-opportunities-and-challenges-in-the-current-era-appendix/.Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Mirandola, M., Weatherburn, P., Berg, R. C., Marcus, U., & Schmidt, A. J. (2017). The geography of sexual orientation: Structural stigma and sexual attraction, behavior, and identity among men who have sex with men across 38 European countries. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(5), 1491-1502.Sakib, S M Nazmuz. 2022. “Analysis of the Political, Social and Demographic Health and Well-being Determinants Marginalized Group.” PsyArXiv. April 8. doi:  10.31234/osf.io/sjgc2 .Sakib, S M Nazmuz. 2022. “ADAPTION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE SUPPLY CHAIN IN SAUDI ARABIA.” MediArXiv. April 8. doi:  10.33767/osf.io/g4wst. Sakib, S M Nazmuz. 2022. “ROBOTS IN HEALTHCARE” Engineering Archive. April 25. doi:  10.33767/osf.io/g4wst.   Sakib, S M Nazmuz. 2021. “The Impact of Oil and Gas Development on the Landscape and Surface in Nigeria”. Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 4 (1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2021.4.1.9-17.

Definition: Spinal muscular dystrophy, commonly abbreviated as SMA, is a genetic disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons or their degeneration along with wastage of the muscles supplied by these motor neurons. It involves weakness of the muscles and ultimately complete loss of their functions. It is an autosomal recessive disorder (Castro D, Iannacoccone ST, 2014; US National Library of Medicine, 2017; Garber K. Big, 2016).Epidemiology: The incidence rate of SMA is about one individual in every 6000 individuals or maybe one individual in every 11000 individuals if the whole population is considered in general (Crawford TO, Pardo CA, 1996; Prior TW et al., 2000). The ethnicity-based epidemiology incidence is as follows:Eight individuals out of every 100,000 individuals belonging to the white race0.89 individuals out of every 100,000 individuals belonging to the black race0.96 individuals out of every 100,000 individuals belonging to the mixed ethnic background (Zaldivar T et al., 1996)

The influence of four food plants (corn, peanut, soybean and sugarcane) on life-history traits of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda was examined in the laboratory at 25±1 °C and a photoperiod of L:D 15:9 (15 h light:9 h dark). The leaf contents of the total flavonoids, reducing sugars, sucrose and C/N ratio were also tested. The FAW fed on corn leaves showed significantly shorter larval and pupal development times, larger body weight, higher growth rate, lower weight loss, smaller SSD, shorter preoviposition period and higher fecundity than those fed on peanut, soybean and sugarcane leaves. However, FAW successfully completed its whole life cycle and exhibited higher fecundity in peanut, soybean and sugarcane. The FAW showed a protogyny phenomenon because the pupal development stage was significantly longer in males than females. There was a positive relationship between pupal weight and fecundity. However, the relationships between larval development time and pupal weight and between fecundity and longevity were different among different food plants. The leaf contents of the total flavonoids, reducing sugars, and sucrose and the C/N ratio differed significantly among the different food plants. We discuss the influences of these leaf nutritional contents on larval development time and pupal weight. These findings can help us to better understand the variation in life-history traits of the FAW and may be critical for the development of strategies to predict infestation levels.

ABSTRACTBackground: CORONA is derived from Latin, mean crown. Corona virus is non segmented, RNA enveloped virus with positive polarity. Corona affects the mankind physically, psychologically, emotionally, and economically in the form of pandemic. Over last 7 months, corona virus appears as major public health issue. It shows its huge impact on respiratory, cardiovascular and reproductive system. Previously, outbreaks of corona virus types SARS and MERS are also seen. It can be prevented by good hygiene and respiratory hygiene.Objective: The aim of study is to access the prevalence of corona virus (COVID-19) among different genders and age groups in general population by collecting their data.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in general population from 12 September to 21 September, 2020. A total of 150 patients, who were both male and female, were studied with self-administered questionnaire, who were diagnosed with PCR. No harm to patient and no privacy breachment occur during this research.Study Setting: The study was carried out at Punjab, Pakistan.Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Results: Among 150 patients, frequency of COVID-19 in males is 51.4% and females 48.6%. According to age difference, highest chances of interaction occur in 13-25 years of age. Major symptoms in both genders are dry cough, fever and tiredness. Majorly, patients were diagnosed by clinical evaluation. No significant history and chronic diseases. Recovery rate is more in males (89.6%) than females (83.6%). Mortality rate is more in females (16.4%) than males (10.4%).Conclusions: The higher prevalence of COVID-19 is seen in males and 13-25 years of age. Recovery rate is more in males and mortality rate is more in females.

Alzheimer’s disease, a common disease among the elderly, deserves worldwide attention. Concerns about the aging population, which is a global phenomenon, are closely related to this disease. According to a United Nations report (2006), the number of people aged 60 and up is expected to triple in forty years, totaling two (2) billion by 2050. To add to this, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affected 500,000 people in the UK and 36.5 million worldwide. The world’s aging population, combined with an increase in Alzheimer’s cases among the senior population, justifies the undertaking of this study to investigate the possible role of prions in Alzheimer’s

AbstractThe effect of thyroid hormones on electrolyte balance has not been reported clearly in literature. This study aimed to assess the consequences of thyroid dysfunction on serum electrolyte levels of individuals visiting outpatient department of tertiary care institutes. A total of 88 individuals were included in the study that were distributed into 5 groups: 1) NTF; the individuals visiting outpatient department (OPD) with normal thyroid function, 2) Hypo-TF; the individuals visiting OPD with hypothyroid function, 3) Hyper-TF; the individuals visiting OPD with hyperthyroid function, 4) NTFT; the individuals visiting OPD with normal thyroid function after treatment, and 5) HC; the healthy control individuals with normal thyroid function who did not visited OPD. The blood samples of the individuals of each group were taken and the sera were analysed for thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and electrolyte levels.A statistically significant variation (P<0.05) was observed in thyroid hormone levels of different study groups of both genders. The Hyper-TF group showed comparatively higher levels of  T3 and T4 while TSH level was higher in Hypo-TF group of both male and female individuals. However, no significant variation in electrolyte levels of different study groups was observed. Statistically no siginificant age-dependent variation in thyroid hormones and electrolyte levels of the study groups was noted. The treatment period also showed no siginificant changes in thyroid hormones and sodium ion level. The level of sodium ions was positively correlated with T3  and T4 level of control and Hypo-TF groups and TSH of Hyper-TF group. The potassium ion level was negatively correlated with thyroid hormones level of each group except TSH of Hyper-TF group.Keywords: Thyroid dysfunction, Electrolyte balance, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine

 AbstractThe need for rapid clinical decisions to optimize healthcare delivery while maintaining accurate test results has fueled the prominence and emergence of POCTs. Despite some advantages, POCT still poses significant challenges, of which quality error is one of the prominent ones. To minimize some of these errors, ISO accreditation standards have been established and stakeholders believe this will help increase reliability and confidence in test results. There is still room for further research and development in POCT, but for that purpose, it has greatly reduced the need for hospital-specific clinical biochemistry laboratories.

In order to provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the fatigue resistant design of the aircraft wheels, strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were carried out on specimens machined in the extrusion direction (ED) and transverse direction (TD) of die-forged 2014 aluminum alloy wheel. Although the TD specimens show lower tensile strength and yield strength, the fatigue test results reveal that the TD specimens show superior fatigue life compared with the ED specimens at total strain amplitudes of 0.5% ~ 0.8%. This is predominantly caused by the Al 12(MnSi) 2(FeCu) intermetallic particles near the surface layer lead to a relatively short crack initiation stage for the ED specimens. In contrast, TD specimens with finer and more uniform recrystallized grains have better resistance to fatigue crack initiation (FCI) and propagation (FCP).

Abstract This document explains the postoperative effect of anesthesia medicine. specifically, the medicines include Dexmeditomidine and midazolam. Both of the mentioned medicines make a huge analgesic effect on the patient for the operative purposes. The comparative effect of medicine after the surgery is the main objective of the study. The analgesic effect of medicine usually has the same effect on metabolism of the body. But there are a lot of various modes of actions by different drugs to relieve the pain. The pain relieving medication is a necessary element for the patient to heal early. If the pain is not relieved the healing mechanisms of the body take time and the operative injuries may also take a long time to heal. The healing mechanisms of the body require optimum state of the metabolism of the body of patient. The wounds are under the multiple processes invigilation to run a lot of systems at a same time. The analgesic medicine effect of the sensory mechanism and may cause a lot of side effects for the immune-compromised patient who has undergone surgery.