Black tongue is a rare, benign, self-limiting disorder caused by certain conditions and some medications. We report a case of a woman diagnosed with black tongue associated with azithromycin use. Black tongue after antibiotics were seldom seen in the current era and Health care professionals should be aware of it.

Introduction: Studies suggest that chronic lead (Pb) exposure may induce Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. However, there is no synthesised evidence in this regard. We systematically reviewed existing literature and synthesised evidence on the association between chronic Pb exposure and markers of genotoxicity. Methods: Observational studies reporting biomarkers of DNA damage among occupationally Pb-exposed and unexposed controls were systematically searched from PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases from inception to January 2022. The markers included were micronucleus frequency (MN), chromosomal aberrations, comet assay, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine. During the execution review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Mean differences in the biological markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and control groups were pooled using the random-effects model. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran- Q test and I 2 statistic. Results: The review included forty-five studies comparing markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and unexposed. The primary studies utilised buccal and/or peripheral leukocytes for evaluating the DNA damage. The pooled quantitative results revealed a significantly higher DNA damage characterised by increased levels of MN and SCE frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay and 8-OHdG) among Pb-exposed than the unexposed. However, studies included in the review exhibited high levels of heterogeneity between the studies. Conclusion: Chronic Pb exposure is associated with DNA damage. However, high-quality, multicentered studies are required to strengthen present observations and further understand the Pb’s role in inducing DNA damage.

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Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common type of sporadic encephalitis that inflicts high rates of morbidity and mortality. Differentiating a progressing encephalitis syndrome from a lobar hemorrhage as a complication presents a challenge and requires great vigilance and insight on part of the treating physician.

The aim of this report is to explore the direct and long-term outcome in a high risk patient who was treated with rotational atherectomy to assist the placement of drug eluting stents in heavily calcified lesions.

Purpose: To describe a novel association of TGFBI variants with congenital glaucoma in a family with GAPO (growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and progressive optic atrophy) syndrome as well as among unrelated cases of Juvenile onset open angle glaucoma (JOAG) along with the mechanistic impact of the variants on the protein. Methods: This study of one family of GAPO with congenital glaucoma and three unrelated patients of JOAG analysed a common link to glaucoma pathogenesis. We report ocular features of 3 girls with GAPO syndrome born of consanguineous marriage in a multi- generation consanguineous family. The proband (a 4year old girl) and her younger sibling (1year old girl) were operated for bilateral congenital glaucoma in both eyes. The elder sibling (10year old female) had features of GAPO syndrome without glaucoma. Results: A genetic evaluation using whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous ANTXR1 mutation in all three affected siblings with GAPO. No other mutations were detected in the genes associated with glaucoma. A rare missense variant in the TGFBI gene was shared in the two siblings with congenital glaucoma and GAPO syndrome. We further found three other unrelated patients with JOAG with no known glaucoma causing gene mutations but having three different missense variants in the TGFBI gene. One of these JOAG patients had familial granular corneal dystrophy. Molecular dynamic simulations of the TGFBI and 3-D structural models of three of its variants showed sig­nificant alterations, which could influence TGFBI function. Conclusions: Variations in the TGFBI gene could have a possible role in the pathogenesis of congenital and Juvenile onset open angle glaucomas that needs further evaluation.

Fibrolipoma is a variant of lipoma that is relatively uncommon in the mouth tissues, especially the attached gingiva. It is diagnosed by histopathologic and immunohistochemistry evaluation and treated by total excision. A case of a patient with attached gingiva fibrolipoma, treated by surgical excision under local anesthesia is reported.

This paper is concerned with nonlinear stability of rarefaction wave to the Cauchy problem for a blood flow model, which describes the motion of blood through axi-symmetric compliant vessels. Inspired by the stability analysis of classical $p$-system, we show the solution of this typical model tends time-asymptotically toward the rarefaction wave under some suitably small conditions and there are more difficulties in the proof due to the appearance of strong nonlinear terms including second-order derivative of $v$ with respect to the spatial variable $x$. The main result is proved by employing the elementary $L^2$ energy methods. This is the first result about nonlinear stability of some nontrivial profiles (i.e., non-constant function patterns) for the blood flow model.

In this work we prove a global well-posedness result for a tridimensional rescaled Boussinesq system, with positive full viscosity and diffusivity parameters, in the framework of critical Fourier-Besov spaces, which allow homogeneous functions with negative degree. The rescaled approach implies to rescale both the velocity, dividing by a positive parameter, and the temperature, dividing by the square of the same parameter, and study the obtained system. This rescaled approach permits to deal with the right hand linear term for the Boussinesq system, in order to apply a fixed point lemma, and to know a qualitative behaviour of the system, according to relations between both the parameters and the initial velocity and temperature; for instance, it is possible to consider, for small enough viscosity and large diffusivity, a large enough critical Fourier-Besov norm for the initial temperature and it is also possible to consider, for small enough diffusivity and large viscosity, a large enough critical Fourier-Besov norm for both the velocity and the temperature.

Calculations at CCSD(T) theoretical levels with extended basis sets on CO…H2O provide reliable structures and stability, as well as the covalent character of the hydrogen bond. The interactions were decomposed in the framework of symmetry adapted perturbation theory to investigate the HB properties. It demonstrates that the electrostatic and dispersion dominate the attraction for the optimized stable structure; while for the long distance, it becomes pure electrostatic force. The covalent character was analyzed by the AIM theory, topological analysis on electron density function, delocalization index, and reduced density gradient; and it suggests the very weak strength of hydrogen bond with non-covalent character.

Cryptosporidium spp. is the most important foodborne and waterborne pathogens and leading cause of mortality from foodborne and waterborne gastrointestinal diseases. In neonates of domestic animals, it is associated with consistent diarrhoea and dehydration. Cryptosporidium infection begins with the ingestion of sporulated oocytes disseminated by carrier animals that consistently contaminate the environment. Many diagnostic tests are available including microscopy, and antigen trap-ELISA, but none of the diagnostic tests available currently cannot differentiate between active and passive infection in the host. In the current study, to address this challenge an mRNA based duplex TaqMan® probe PCR was developed to target the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene and 18SSU rRNA gene in a single tube that can detect metabolically active cryptosporidial oocysts. The mRNA transcripts are the direct indicator of any actively replicating cell and they will help decipher the active stages of its lifecycle in a host. This diagnostic assay was standardized by computing transcript copy number-based limit of detection. For COWP and 18SSU rRNA genes, the limit of detection was 7.08x1004 and 5.95x1005 respectively. During active infections, the oocyst wall protein will be active and so its COWP gene transcripts will act as a marker for active infection. While transcripts for 18SSU rRNA are constitutively expressed in cryptosporidial life cycle. This current diagnostic assay will be a quantitative marker that will help assess the active stages of Cryptosporidium infection in neonates. The disease dynamics will help better understand to formulate the control strategies and contain infection among the healthy animals.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. TSC consists of a wide variety of clinical manifestations, with neurological and dermatological symptoms being the most frequent. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and management of a pregnant patient incidentally diagnosed with TSC.

Malakoplakia is an uncommon granulomatous disease that occurs in immunocompromised individuals. It's thought to be caused by macrophagic bactericidial defect. We report a rare case of breast malakoplakia in a pregnant 35 ears-old woman that mimicked malignancy.

Most biomolecules become functional and bioactive by forming protein complexes through interaction with ligands that are diverse in size, shape, and physicochemical properties. In the complex biological milieu, the interaction is ligand-specific, driven by molecular sensing and recognition of a binding interface localized within a protein structure. Mapping interfaces of protein complexes is a highly sought area of research as it delivers fundamental insights into proteomes and pathology and hence strategies for therapeutics. While X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy still serve as a gold standard for structural elucidation of protein complexes, artificial and static analytic nature thereof often results in a non-native interface that otherwise might be negligible or non-existent in biological environment. In recent years, the mass spectrometry-coupled approaches, chemical crosslinking (CLMS) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDMS), have become valuable analytic complements to traditional techniques. These methods explicitly identify hot residues and motifs embedded in binding interfaces, in particular, for which the interaction is predominantly dynamic, transient, and/or caused by an intrinsically disordered domain. Here we review the principal role of CLMS and HDMS in protein structural biology with a particular emphasis on the contribution of recent examples to exploring biological interfaces. In addition, we describe recent studies that utilized these methods to expand our understanding of protein complex formation and related biological processes and to increase probability of structure-based drug design.

The hydrodynamics of gas and liquid flow through a granular bed were proposed in this work. A high-speed camera was used to capture bubbles at different heights in a granular bed. The effect of bubble size on the rising velocity and stagnation of single bubble and multiple bubbles was investigated. The results showed that a single bubble rose along a non-uniform trajectory. The average rising velocity increased nonlinearly with the increase of the initial bubble diameter. This work also provides a visual verification that multiple bubbles stagnation occurs. The results show that the rising velocity and bubble size were the two key factors, which dominate the stagnation probability. The rising velocity of multiple bubbles is expressed by the overall velocity, and the bubble size is expressed by the projected area, which is found the bubble projection area and the overall velocity of the bubbles were negatively correlated with the stagnation.

Rational regulation of local environment of Ti-sites in TS-1 harbours tremendous industrial and scientific significance to epoxidation reactions. Herein, we report a facile and environment-friendly strategy to boost catalytic selectivity by covering the Ti-sites on external surface of TS-1 (ITS-1) without sacrificing activity of internal Ti sites. By quantitative analysis of d3-acetonitrile and quinoline-DRIFTS, 1H MAS NMR and XPS, it is found that percentage of external Ti-sites decreased from 11% to 6% after depositing surface silica islands. This successfully inhibits ring-opening reaction of 1,2-epoxyhexane on catalyst surface, as demonstrated by slower kinetic decomposition rate of 1,2-epoxyhexane. Compared with conventional TS-1 catalyst, selectivity of 1,2-epoxyhexane over ITS-1 catalyst significantly increased from 83.5% to 98.5% while maintaining high 1-hexene conversion. Furthermore, overmuch surface silica coverage only leads to extremely low conversion (2%) due to inhibition of mass transfer. This work paves the way for rational construction of Ti-containing catalysts for 1-hexene epoxidation

Evapotranspiration is an essential element of the hydrological process. Estimating evapotranspiration at polar regions is challenging. Different results were obtained based on observation and simulation by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation (FAO P-M), and FAO P-M was found to be inadequate to estimate the evapotranspiration in alpine swamp meadows with exposed water. Based on the characteristics and main influencing factors of observed actual evapotranspiration, the coefficient of FAO P-M was modified to better simulate the actual evapotranspiration in the alpine swamp meadow area. Our results indicated that (1) both ET a measured by the eddy covariance system and ET 0 calculated by FAO P-M had the same trend at the daily and annual scales and hysteresis was confirmed. (2) The annual ET a was 566.97 mm and annual ET a/P was 0.76, and about 11.19% of ET a occurred during night. (3) The main influencing factors during growing season were the R n, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and g s, and those during non-growing season were volumetric soil water content (VSWC), R n, soil temperature (ST), precipitation (P), and W s. (4) The basic corrected K c was 1.14 during the initial and mid-growing season, 1.05 during subsequent growing season, and 0-0.25 during the non-growing season.

Streamflow in semiarid area is facing rapidly decreasing, especially in North China, which make it important to analyse the characteristics and influencing factors of streamflow. Using hydro-meteorological data series during 1961-2017 in the Upper Yongding River Basin (UYRB)( including Yang River Basin (YRB) and Sanggan River Basin (SRB)), Spatio-temporal variation characteristics of air temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (E 0) were analysed. Results showed that: precipitation has no significant trend; temperature shows a significant increase by 0.09–0.52℃ per decade; E 0 shows a significant decrease from -0.18 mm/yr to -2.04 mm/yr (in 18 stations); the estimated rates of streamflow change are –0.74, –0.80mm/yr for SRB and YRB. As to spatial distribution: the YRB presents a higher E 0 value than the SRB; and the mountain area has more precipitation than the plain area. And the change points of streamflow occurred in 1982 and 2003. Both Budyko and DMC method were used to evaluate the impacts of climate change and human activities on mean annual streamflow. In the variation stage Ⅰ (1983~2003), impacts of human activities account for 90.6% and 62.7% of the mean annual streamflow changes in YRB and SRB, respectively. In the variation stage Ⅱ (2004~2017), the percentages are 99.5% and 93.5%, respectively. It is also noted that the first change point in streamflow was indeed at the beginning of China’s land reform, when the farmers can manage their reallocated lands and therefore increased agricultural water consumption. The second change point coincided with “Capital Water Resources Planning” including water conservation projects and irrigation district construction programs. In general, human activities were mainly responsible for the significant decline in the annual streamflow of UYRB. This paper will provide valuable results for water resources planning and give guidance to the construction of water conservation function area and ecological environment support area of capital.

Herein, we report a two-step low-temperature annealing method to enhance performance of InSnO (ITO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). In case of one-step annealing treatment, threshold voltage (Vth) of the ITO TFTs present a negative correlation with annealing temperature. Therefore, we design a two-step low-temperature annealing process to purposely modulate electrical properties of the ITO TFTs. The results show that the ITO TFTs annealed at 200 °C for 1 h at first and then annealed at 150 °C for 0.5 h exhibit the best performance, and the major properties includes a saturation mobility (µsat) of 21.0 cm2V-1s-1, a Vth of -1.1 V, a subthreshold swing (SS) of 560.5 mV/cm, and an on-to-off state current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 5.79 × 108. Moreover, the ITO TFTs exhibit excellent bias stress stability. This work demonstrates a low-temperature approach for the enhancement of the oxide TFTs.

Vehicles in the current era can communicate with other vehicles, roadside units, and networks. This communication is collaboratively called Vehicle to Everything(V2X) communication. V2X network leverages modern communication technologies such as DSRC, LTE, and 5G communication. Along with the leverages of these technologies, potential security threat has also increased. Cybersecurity attacks are the most common attacks that damage the V2X communication network. In this paper, we will reveal poetnetial cybersecurity attacks in V2X communication

Vehicular platooning is although not a new concept yet reshaping its core idea with invovlment of autonomous driging in it. vehicle platoon is group of vehicle traveling with small space but no physical connection and negligible relative velocity with each other. Platoon can be formed from different type of vehicles such as truck, bus car etc. In platoon each vehicle has a particular role either it is a leader or follower. All of vehicle participating in platoon have to send message to their predecessor vehicle about their present location, and speed velocity. Along with other different challenges such as its trajectory , string stability , maneuvers, platoon communication suffer from security risks. Security is an essential aspects of wireless communication systems Due to the inherent transmission nature of wireless channels.There is a risk of various types of network attacks,Cyberseurity attacks are most common of them. In this research we will reveal the core idea of cybersecurity attacks in autonomous vehicle platooning.

Safety is the foremost aspect in today"s world. In this world of technology, people need technology to help them in danger conditions. Gas leakage becomes a severe issue that results in many accidents which lead to mortal and monetary harm. It is need of hour to install the gas leakage detection systems on public places. This paper presents a system design that identifies the leakage of gas and warns the user about the situation by sending SMS on user"s phone with the help of GSM. Smart kitchen by means of IOT is aimed, created and verified. Our system has more features than existing systems because those were manual while our system is automatic and provides rapid reply and correct identification that can save many lives and prevents humans from many hazardous cases. _____________________________________________

Nowadays, security threats are becoming important problem in the world. Everyone in this world want to keep an aye on his house due to threats and risk of theft and robbery, danger of leaking raw gas, and also requires safety from fire, at the same time they want to save energy, and also want to keep an eye on their house if there are elders or disabled person in the house. This system sends the images and the threat messages to warn the people about the danger in SMS or MMS form. This system monitors the irregular activities and functions with the help of sensors and most importantly with the web camera and then performs necessary actions to save assets and warn the authorized person to take serious steps. Introduction:

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play a key role in the energy efficiency of electro-catalytic systems. However, the sluggish kinetics and accumulated gas slugs under the industrial operation condition limit the application of OER. Herein, Mn, Fe co-doped nickel hydroxide with highly dense hierarchical nano-sheets array is obtained through a simple and mild two-step etching strategy, which exhibits a remarkable OER performance. Doping Mn and Fe can modulate the electronic structure and redox behavior of active site, leading to an excellent intrinsic activity toward OER. Moreover, highly dense hierarchical array structure is conducive to provide more active sites and inhibit the accumulation of gas slugs under industrial current density. Thus, the obtained catalyst provides an impressing current density of 1.8 A cm−2 at a small overpotential of 370 mV and sustains the performance more than 100 h.