Objectives: The aim of the study is to identify the success rate of a repeat cycle of induction of labour (IOL) with prostaglandins, and any association between smoking and patient response to prostaglandin. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, UK. Sample: IOL data from patients at Basildon University Hospital, between 01/01/2021 and 30/03/2021 were included. Methods: Data were retrieved from hospital records and categorised by prostaglandin cycle(s), administration of oxytocin, artificial rupture of membranes (ARM), spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM), smoking status, patient BMI, age, ethnicity, gestation age, Bishop score, and delivery method (assisted, unassisted, or Caesarean (C-)section). The data were analysed using chi-square, binomial and multinomial logistic regression. Main Outcome Measures: Success rate was interpreted from relative frequencies of delivery method (unassisted, assisted or C-section). Results: Unassisted vaginal delivery (n =121; 48.0%) was the most common outcome with prostaglandin IOL followed by C-section (n = 105 41.7%). Only 10.3% had an assisted vaginal delivery. Of those who had a repeated IOL cycle, 85.7% had a C-section. There was no difference in prostaglandin administration by smoking status or any association between smoking status and mode of delivery in IOL. Conclusion: Repeat cycle of IOL does not enhance the vaginal delivery with only 14.3% unassisted vaginal births. There was no evidence that smoking impacted on response to prostaglandins or method of delivery. Funding: There was no funding for this study. Keywords: artificial rupture of membranes; C-section; repeat induction of labour; spontaneous rupture of membranes; Unassisted vaginal delivery.

In 2022, Monkey pox disease was declared as a Global Health Emergency. With the emergence of an epidemic such as this, it becomes imperative that accurate information is imparted to all the individuals. However, as seen in the case of Covid-19 pandemic, it is evident that people consume most of the information through social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and others. With this, there is a possibility of an increase in dissemination of misinformation which was very well noted in case of Covid-19 Pandemic. Aims: To analyse the information that is available on Instagram regarding Monkey Pox disease and to determine its accuracy. Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational type of study where total of 522 posts were analysed over a period of two days was done. Top 90 posts from the top six monkey pox related hashtags were analysed on the basis of a proforma made of pre-selected questions via the platform google docs and accordingly the results were calculated. Results showed that, most of the posts are descriptive in nature, and only a few(11.65%) were posted by doctors. Most of them were posted by news or other agencies. Some of the posts were from unverified sources as well(27.65%). Discussion: As witnessed in Covid 19, there is prevalent misinformation when a global health emergency is concerned, attributed to vast access to social media platforms. In order to combat this dissemination of false information, such platforms should be regulated and should operate under guidelines of WHO.

We consider the system of linear equations arisen from the finite element discretization of the distributed optimal control problem with time-periodic parabolic equations. A block alternating splitting iteration (BASI) method is presented for solving the obtained system. We prove that the BASI method is unconditionally convergent. We derive the BASI preconditioner and present an estimation formula for the parameter of the BASI preconditioner. Numerical results are presented to verify the efficiency of both the BASI method and the BASI preconditioner. Comparison with some existing methods are also given.

Mainak SahaDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Durgapur-713209, West Bengal, IndiaCorresponding author: Mainak SahaEmail: mainaksaha1995@gmail.comPhone no: +918017457062

In materials research involving additive manufacturing (AM)-based techniques for fabrication of a wide variety of materials, the latest trend at present is to focus largely on 3D printing (3DP) of nanoceramics, which at present is highly challenging, from both fundamental and industrial viewpoints inspite of the tremendous versatility offered by these techniques in terms of addressing design complexities [1]-[6]. The two main reasons for the same are: (i) low density and (ii) poor mechanical properties of nanoceramic parts fabricated using 3DP techniques [7]-[9]. The fundamental reason behind the two aforementioned features of 3DP-fabricated nanoceramic parts is the huge extent of microstructural inhomogeneity arising primarily due to variation in cooling rates during 'point by point', 'line by line' or 'layer by layer' deposition methodology followed in 3DP techniques [10]-[16], leading to a number of defects in the microstructure [17], [18]. Moreover, the industrial application of nanoceramic parts manufactured using 3DP techniques, is rather limited, primarily owing to the high manufacturing cost associated with these nanoceramic parts. Although, in the last ten years, there has been a considerable volume of work on 3DP-based techniques for manufacturing ceramic parts with enhanced densities and improved mechanical properties, however, there is limited understanding on the correlation of microstructure of 3DP-fabriated nanoceramic components with the mechanical properties. On the other hand, in the recent decade, the 'correlative' methodology of characterising microstructures from micro to nanoscale, involving a number of different structural and chemical characterisation techniques, for the study of a number of defects ranging from the equilibrium point (or 0-D) to non-equilibrium volume (or 3-D) defects, has been hugely employed in a number of metallic materials [19]-[21]. This has completely revolutionised the understanding of structure-property correlation and microstructural defects in these materials and paved a whole new dimension towards a systematic correlation of structure (ranging from bulk to nano-scale) to a wide range range of properties in these materials. However, in the context of 3DP-fabricated nanoceramic parts, at present, there is hardly report on understanding structure-property correlation using the aforementioned methodology. The present review is aimed to review some of the most commonly used 3DP techniques for the fabrication of nanoceramics and provide an overview of the future perspectives, associated with the necessity towards developing a systematic structure-property correlation through 'correlative' characterisation methodology in these materials.

Published versionAt present, fabrication of ceramics using AM-based techniques mainly suffers from two primary limitations, viz: (i) low density and (ii) poor mechanical properties of the finished components. It is worth mentioning that the present state of research in the avenue of AM-based ceramics is focussed mainly on fabricating ceramic and cermet components with enhanced densities and improved mechanical properties. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, not much is known about the microstructure evolution and its correlation with the mechanical properties of the finished parts. Addressing the aforementioned avenue is highly essential for understanding the utilisation of these components for structural applications. To this end, the present review article is aimed to address the future perspectives in this avenue has been provided with a special emphasis on the need to establish a systematic structure-property correlation in these materials.

Akabane virus (AKAV) is a Culicoides-borne Orthobunyavirus that is teratogenic to the fetus of cattle and small ruminant species. To develop an effective diagnostic assay for the detection of AKAV, we generated and characterized one AKAV N-reactive monoclonal antibody (mAb) which was designated as 2D3. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays indicated that 2D3 could react with both recombinant N protein and AKAV isolate TJ2016. The linear epitope recognized by mAb 2D3 was located at amino acids 168-182 of AKAV N protein. Then, mAb 2D3 was applied to establish a double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA), which was able to detect both the purified AKAV N protein (with detection limit of 6.25 ng/ml ) and AKAV-infected cell culture supernatant (with detection limit of 250 TCID 50/ml). Taken together, the successfully prepared mAb and the preliminarily established DAS-ELISA provide valuable materials and a promising method for the serological diagnosis of AKAV.

In materials research involving additive manufacturing (AM)-based techniques for fabrication of a wide variety of materials, the latest trend at present is to focus largely on 3D printing (3DP) of nanoceramics, which at present is highly challenging, from both fundamental and industrial viewpoints inspite of the tremendous versatility offered by these techniques in terms of addressing design complexities [1]-[6]. The two main reasons for the same are: (i) low density and (ii) poor mechanical properties of nanoceramic parts fabricated using 3DP techniques [7]-[9]. The fundamental reason behind the two aforementioned features of 3DP-fabricated nanoceramic parts is the huge extent of microstructural inhomogeneity arising primarily due to variation in cooling rates during 'point by point', 'line by line' or 'layer by layer' deposition methodology followed in 3DP techniques [10]-[16], leading to a number of defects in the microstructure [17], [18]. Moreover, the industrial application of nanoceramic parts manufactured using 3DP techniques, is rather limited, primarily owing to the high manufacturing cost associated with these nanoceramic parts. Although, in the last ten years, there has been a considerable volume of work on 3DP-based techniques for manufacturing ceramic parts with enhanced densities and improved mechanical properties, however, there is limited understanding on the correlation of microstructure of 3DP-fabriated nanoceramic components with the mechanical properties. On the other hand, in the recent decade, the 'correlative' methodology of characterising microstructures from micro to nanoscale, involving a number of different structural and chemical characterisation techniques, for the study of a number of defects ranging from the equilibrium point (or 0-D) to non-equilibrium volume (or 3-D) defects, has been hugely employed in a number of metallic materials [19]-[21]. This has completely revolutionised the understanding of structure-property correlation and microstructural defects in these materials and paved a whole new dimension towards a systematic correlation of structure (ranging from bulk to nano-scale) to a wide range range of properties in these materials. However, in the context of 3DP-fabricated nanoceramic parts, at present, there is hardly report on understanding structure-property correlation using the aforementioned methodology. The present review is aimed to review some of the most commonly used 3DP techniques for the fabrication of nanoceramics and provide an overview of the future perspectives, associated with the necessity towards developing a systematic structure-property correlation through 'correlative' characterisation methodology in these materials.

The last two decades have witnessed a large volume of research revolving around structure-property correlation in carbon-based nanocomposites, synthesized by several methods. In the simplest of terms, the electronic properties of these nanomaterials, which form the present context of discussion, vary mainly as a function of three parameters, out of which two are process parameters (viz. (i) the kind of reinforcement and (ii) method of synthesis), and one is a structure-dependent parameter. The structure-dependent parameter is highly influenced by the two process parameters and plays a vital role in determining the ionic and electronic transport phenomenon in these materials. In other words, the interaction between electrons and the equilibrium 0-D (point) defects, along with different types of 2-D interfaces, plays a crucial role in the understanding of electronic properties, apart from physical and chemical properties of these materials. The present chapter provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art on research along with detailed discussions on some recent developments in understanding electronic properties of some conventional carbon-based nanocomposites (synthesized by different techniques) based on the structure-property correlation in these materials. Finally, some of the significant challenges in this field have been addressed from both industrial and fundamental viewpoints.

Rice genes namely TPP7 ( Trehalose Phosphate Phosphatase 7), Sub1A ( Submergence 1a) and their interactions regulate tolerance to submergence at germination and seedling stage, respectively. Sequential stress of initial submergence during the germination and subsequent seedling stage water deficit stresses are not properly addressed in direct seeded rice cultivation. In our initial linkage disequilibrium and meta-QTL analysis, Sub1 locus and TPP7 genes co-segregated for tolerance to submergence at germination and seedling stage and were in linkage disequilibrium only in aus subpopulations of rice. Phenotypically, root traits were positively correlated (correlation coefficient = >0.8) with seedling growth in germination under submergence and also in subsequent water deficit stresses in recombinant inbred lines developed from N22 and Bhalum 2 cross. Further, favourable alleles of Sub1 in N22 and 3’-UTR allele of TPP7 in Bhalum 2 enhanced the root traits (>20 per cent) and seedling survival (>25 per cent), respectively in germination under submergence stress. Additionally, the interaction of N22 alleles of Sub1 and TPP7 significantly enhanced the culm diameter and root dry weight in submergence at germination stress. Interestingly, two QTLs with high additive effects associated with sixteen different traits for submerged germination and water deficit tolerance traits were identified within the genomic regions spanning Sub1 and TPP7 genes (~4 Mbp) in Chr09 indicative of genomic region effects on the trait response rather than Sub1 and TPP7. Further, favourable haplotype within the Sub1 and TPP7 genomic region had an epistatic effect on trait responses and enhanced the crown root number, root dry weight, and specific root area by 11.45%, 15.69%, and 33.15% respectively in flooded germination condition, indicative of haplo-allelic contribution in trait response. A wall-associated kinase 79 ( WAK79) and malectin-like receptor-like kinase 59 ( MRLK59) were identified as candidate genes, that through regulation of cell wall elongation might coordinate the ‘haplogenic model’ of quantitative trait response under flooded germination, recovery, and subsequent water deficit conditions and thus, favourable haplotypes could be employed in direct seeded rice improvement.

Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers (CRF) are widely used in agricultural production to reduce conventional fertilization-induced agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. However, the long-term effects and associated mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated variations in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions at different growth stages under treatments of zeolite with CRF based on a 5-year field experiment. Results showed that both annual and yearly cumulative N 2O and CO 2 emissions were significantly reduced across all the three treatments relative to control. The treatment of nitrification inhibitor-controlled release N fertilizer with zeolite (T4) performed the best, followed by CRF (T3). Both the peak N 2O and CO 2 emissions occurred at the lotus stage. The crop nitrogen content of control was reduced by 12.5%, while the nitrogen content of other treatments was reduced by 5.90% to 11.4%. The T4 treatment delayed the oxidation of NH 4 + and reduced CO 2 emissions. The N 2O and CO 2 emission reductions significantly descended and then the decrement narrowed with the planting years increasing. Therefore, using blended controlled-release N fertilizer with zeolite to reduce chemical N application is a practically and environmentally friendly approach for greenhouse gases emissions reduction in the lettuce rotation system.

Increasing atmospheric CO 2 and drought are major symptoms of anthropogenic climate change with profound effects on plant growth. Transgenerational memory (i.e. influence of the parental environment on offspring phenotype and performance) has been suggested as a relevant mechanism for plants to build-up adaptative capacity for rapid environmental changes. However, this mechanism of pre-adaptation remains poorly investigated so far. We investigated intra- and transgenerational effects of elevated CO 2 on drought response of wheat. We used seeds from a FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) experiment with ambient and elevated CO 2 to grow plants in climate chambers in which we varied CO 2, atmospheric water demand and soil moisture. We quantified photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal sensitivity and biomass production. We observed intragenerational upregulation of photosynthetic efficiency but transgenerational downregulation of photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal sensitivity and water use efficiency as response to maternally elevated CO 2. Plant biomass was affected by drought and experimental CO 2 but not by maternal CO 2. Our study showcases the importance of transgenerational memory effects when studying climate change response of plants and could have major implications for our understanding of global dynamics of carbon sequestration. It highlights the pressing need for multi-generational experiments accounting for transgenerational memory effects of elevated CO 2.

Introduction: Leukemia is a malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells blocked at an early stage of their differentiation that can invade the bone marrow, blood, and extramedullary sites. It is due to an underlying genetic alteration that affects many genes that encode proteins and play a crucial role in developing lymphoid cells. The study’s objective is to determine the role of the standard karyotype and molecular biology for the diagnosis of ALL. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective study over 13 years, between January 2006 and December 2019, at the hemato-oncology unit at Abderrahim Harouchi’s university children’s Hospital in Casablanca. All the patients diagnosed with ALL de Novo during this period were included in this study. Their data were collected from the oncology unit’s registry, and the medical information were extracted from the files. Statistical analysis was performed. Their results were discussed and compared to the literature data in the diagnosis part. However, patients who died before chemotherapy or were transferred to another facility were excluded from the outcome analysis. Results We conducted a retrospective study over 13 years, between January 2006 and December 2019, at the hemato-oncology unit at Abderrahim Harouchi’s university children’s Hospital in Casablanca. An unsuccessful karyotype was observed in 24.7%, whereas a successful karyotype was found in 75.3 % of our patients. In the latter normal karyotype was observed in 54%, and an abnormal one was retrieved in 46%. Numeral abnormalities were found in 48% of the cases (especially hyperdiploidy). Structural abnormalities were observed in 36% of the cases, and complex karyotype in 16% of the cases. The relapse risk among patients with unsuccessful standard karyotype after the first line of chemotherapy was higher than in the group with a successful one. Discussion: Compared to the literature, the findings contribute widely to the diagnosis of successful karyotype and help to adjust the risk group, adapt the treatment and improve the outcome in children with ALL. The unsuccessful standard cytogenetic was observed with a significantly higher risk of relapse and death in the statistical analysis in this group of patients. Those results suggest the use of molecular cytogenetics such as FISH, RT-PCR, and SKY to go beyond the limits imposed by the resolution of the banding and reveal cryptic anomalies essentially in unsuccessful standard cytogenetic cases to find out the underlying genetic abnormality that might refine the diagnosis and improve the prognosis in children with leukemia. Conclusion: Standard cytogenetics is useful for the diagnosis and needs to be completed by molecular cytogenetics to refine the diagnosis, especially in unsuccessful cultures.

This paper considers the real-time control of a class of complex continuous nonlinear systems with an increasing requirement on control accuracy and unknown dynamics at the start time due to their complex dynamics and uncertainties. A Koopman approximate model-based adaptive MPC design using the Lyapunov technique is explored. Specifically, the nonlinear system is modeled/transformed into a linear model in a lifting space with the Koopman operator. A recursive update of the approximator is provided by which the parameters set of the approximator is in a nested form and a shrinking of the boundary of the approximator’s mismatch from the real system is obtained. Also, based on the Koopman model and its mismatch boundary, a sufficient condition that ensures the states of the nonlinear system eventually converge to a small neighborhood of the origin is deduced. An FCCU example is employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed control law.

Mixed matrix composite membranes (MMCMs) hold great potential to realize efficient CO2 removal from natural gas. However, the reduction of separation performance arising from the interfacial defects, significant plasticization and aging effect in the thin films severely limit their application. Herein, we fabricated a series of polyimide MMCMs with MOF-protruding structure wherein amino-functionalized ZIF-8 nanocrystals nearly penetrate the thin selective layer. Through engineering the interfacial interactions, e.g., covalent or hydrogen bondings, we successfully fabricated defect-free MMCMs with the thickness ranging from 140 to 280 nm. The stronger interfacial interactions eliminate the interfacial defects and restrict the mobility of polymer chains under high pressure. Accordingly, the MMCM displays a high CO2 permeance of 778 GPU and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 34 with significantly improved resistance to plasticization and aging. Considering the superior performance, we anticipate our work could provide guidelines on designing advanced MMMs to tackle critical separations.

Reducing atmospheric CO 2 is essential to mitigating the effects of climate change. Marine macroalgae has garnered interest as a potential carbon sink to sequester atmospheric CO 2. Efforts to improve macroalgae for use as a carbon sink are just beginning, and understanding the phenotypic diversity of macroalgae is a critical part of identifying favorable characteristics for a marine carbon sink. In this study, we surveyed the natural variation of the marine macroalgae, Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp), from eight sites along the western coast of Iceland: three in Breiđafjörđur, four in Faxaflói, and one in the Atlantic Ocean south of Reykjanes. All collected sugar kelp samples were in the non-reproductive stage, and environmental data was collected at each site. All collected sugar kelp samples were phenotyped manually and through image analysis. Chlorophyll content, carbon and nitrogen content, and relative carbohydrate contents were also quantified. Strong correlations were observed between many morphological phenotypes and with environmental variables such as air temperature. While phenotypic differences between sampling locations were observed in some individual traits like blade length and chlorophyll content, principal component analysis did not reveal significant grouping of individuals by sampling location based on phenotype. These results suggest that phenotypic variation in sugar kelp populations across the Western Icelandic range is not strongly influenced by changes in environmental variation. These results are consistent with natural variation studies conducted in sugar kelp samples from New England, United States and indicate that sugar kelp can be a favorable choice for carbon sequestration across multiple environments.

Miscanthus is one of the most promising perennial crops for bioenergy production, with high yield potential and low environmental footprint. The increasing interest in this crop requires accelerated selection and the development of new screening techniques. The development of analytical methods for improved estimation and reduced manual inspection are needed to better characterize the effects of genetics and the environment in key traits under field conditions. We used persistent multispectral and photogrammetric UAV time-series imagery collected 10 times in the season, together with ground-truth data over thousands miscanthus accessions to determine flowering time, culm height, and biomass yield traits. We compared the performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures that used image data from single dates (2D-spatial) versus the integration of multiple dates (3D-spatio-temporal) architectures to evaluate the value of persistent monitoring and the type of features to predict the traits. The ability of UAV-based remote sensing to rapidly and non-destructively assess large-scale genetic variation in flowering time, height and biomass production was improved through use of 3D-spatio-temporal CNN architectures versus 2D-spatial CNN architectures. The performance gains of the best 3D-spatio-temporal analyses compared to the best 2D-spatial architectures manifested in up to: 23 % improvements in R 2 and 20 % reduction in mean absolute error (MAE). The integration of

Franklin Heng1, Jason Belanger1, Max Horowitz1, Keely Brown1, Chris Payne1, Rishi R. Masalia1

Accessory tricuspid valve (ATV) is a rare congenital anomaly that is often seen in complex congenital anomalies in children with very few reported cases in adults. We report a case of isolated ATV in an asymptomatic adult with no other congenital defects along with illustrative transesophageal echocardiographic 2D, 3D, high-resolution photo-realistic images.

Objective: The distal transradial access (dTRA) is a new access for Coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous Coronary intervention (PCI). The distal radial artery diameter is smaller than the radial artery diameter. At present, there are very few studies about the diameter of the distal radial artery. Methods: This is a cross-sectional single-center study. A total of 106 hospitalized patients were included. The distal radial artery diameters of the left hand of all patients were measured. Clinical and ultrasound data were collected. Results: The mean of the distal radial artery diameter of all patients was 2.0586 ± 0.33 mm. According to the mean, the patients were divided into two groups——diameter ≥ 2.0586 mm group and diameter < 2.0586 mm group. By comparing the two groups, the related factors and independent predictors of the distal radial artery diameter ≥ 2.0586 mm were obtained. Male gender, height ≥ 160 cm, weight ≥ 63 kg, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2, and body surface area (BSA) ≥ 1.6573 m2 were related factors. Male gender and BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 were independent predictors. Conclusions: Male gender and BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 patients may have a larger distal radial artery diameter.

Dengue fever is caused by the Aedes species, which has four different serotypes. This virus is endemic to Southeast countries, including Nepal. The clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening acute liver failure. Prompt diagnosis and management are necessary in order to prevent severe complications.

Introduction: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is a very rare and atypical form of renal syphilis. Case presentation: 50 year old lady presented facial swelling, hematuria, and elevated creatinine. Both RPR and TPHA was reactive. Treatment with weekly benzathine penicillin resulted in dramatic response. Conclusion: consider syphilis as reversible cause of RPGN.

We herein report a case of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP). The apheresis product was inspected for 24 hours and there was no platelet clumping or thrombocytopenia. In the first 10 months after PBSCT, there has been no transfer symptom of PTCP.

Sara Tirado Tolosa1