Background: In 2001, Dr. Sardjito Hospital initiated a systematic hospital-based registry, Yogyakarta Pediatric Cancer Registry (YPCR). This study aims to present an epidemiological profile of childhood malignancies diagnosed in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital and compare it with the previous study 1 Methods: Childhood cancer was diagnosed in children aged 0-18 years, from January 2009 to December 2018, and analyzed. Childhood malignancies were categorized based on age, sex, and disease group according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3). An estimated annual average incidence rate (AAIR) of childhood cancer was calculated. We visualized the number of patients and their regions of origin by geographic mapping. Result: There were 1,788 new cases registered in YPCR during the study period. Of these, 58% were male, with a male-to-female.4:1.0. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.3 years old, the median age was 5 years and 56% of cancers were diagnosed in the age group of 0-5 years old. The most common diagnosis category was leukemia (ICCC-3 Category I), which accounted for 60% of all childhood malignancies. The three most common diagnoses included: ALL (44%), AML (13%), and retinoblastoma (6%). Of the 1,077 patients diagnosed with leukemia, 58% were males, most often diagnosed at 0-5 years old (53%). There were 679 patients registered with solid tumors mostly diagnosed at 0-5 years old (57%). The AAIR of leukemia and solid tumors was 26.8 and 17.5 per million, respectively. Conclusion: There was an increase in the number of childhood malignancies in 2009-2018 compared to the 2000-2009 study. The number of patients referred to our hospital increased, indicating a better referral system to the pediatric cancer center. This study is expected to provide data on the hospital-based pediatric cancer registry in Indonesia and promote systematic pediatric cancer registries in other centers.

In order to investigate the sample size’s impact on consolidation behavior, this study used the automatic air pressure consolidometer to conduct numerous consolidation tests on three kinds of dredged silt samples at different heights in Qianwan, Shenzhen, China. The key findings made the following three significant contributions. (1) The compression curves of samples of different sizes have three stages: small load disturbance, elastic deformation and plastic deformation. The void ratio in the latter two stages decreases with the increase of sample height. (2) The stable strain and compression index of the samples decrease when the samples’ height increases, and its consolidation coefficient decreases significantly with the increase of the sample height, while the sample height has a limited impact on the structural yield stress. (3) Due to the reason that dredged silt and marine silt have different formation processes, stress history, and material composition, the permeability coefficient of dredged silt is greater than that of marine silt. When the consolidation pressure is lower, the consolidation coefficient of dredged silt is less than that of marine silt. The difference between the consolidation coefficient of two kinds of silt decreases with the increase of consolidation pressure.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high incidence rate. It is a major public health burden in endemic areas. NPC is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, so better treatment is needed. Scutellarin (SL) is an anticancer agent extracted from medicinal plants and it exerts anti-cancer effects through various signaling pathways. However, Scutellarin’s underlying anti-proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Thus, the current study intended to explore the molecular action of in vitro SL on CNE1 and CNE2 human NPC cells. MTT assay, DCFH-DA, Rh-123 staining, DAPI staining, flow cytometry, likewise Western blot analysis were employed to assess the proliferation and apoptosis Of NPC cells (CNE1 and CNE2) were administered SL (20 and 30 µM). Possible molecular mechanisms; intracellular ROS, MMP, cell cycle distributions, cell-cycle regulatory proteins, and MAPKs/NF-κB signaling were assessed. It was found that SL could inhibit NPC cells proliferation via enhanced intracellular ROS, MMP loss, and trigger apoptosis. SL prompted G0/G1 arrest in NPC cells by subduing cell cycle allied proteins; cyclin D1, CDK4/CDK6, pRB, and MAPKs/NF-κB signaling. Our investigation provides proof that MAPKs/NF-κB route is a possible target for treatment and may be essential in the SL-actions that are mediated against nasopharyngeal carcinoma malignancy.

Siraitia grosvenorii, an economically important plant species with high medicinal value, is endemic to subtropical China. To determine the population structure and origin of cultivated S. grosvenorii, we examined the variation in three chloroplast DNA regions (trnR-atpA, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF) and two nuclear gene orthologs (CHS and EDL2) of S. grosvenorii in 130 individuals, selected from 13 wild populations across its natural distribution range, and 21 cultivated accessions using a phylogeographic approach. The results showed non-overlapping distribution of chlorotypes, three distinct chloroplast genetic groups restricted to different mountain ranges, and comparable nuclear diversity among the distinct geographical groups, suggesting the existence of at least three separate refugia. The current phylogeographic patterns of S. grosvenorii probably resulted from long-term survival in multiple refugia and limited expansion. Our results also demonstrated that wild populations in northeastern Guangxi share the same gene pool as cultivated S. grosvenorii accessions, suggesting that the current cultivars originated from wild populations distributed in northeastern Guangxi. The results of this study provide insight into improving the efficiency of S. grosvenorii breeding using a genetic approach, and outline measures for the conservation of its genetic resources.

The world population is growing very fast and with this increase, the need for food has been increased briskly. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, this era is witnessing a shift from traditional farming methods to advanced approaches. IoT is an emerging paradigm that connects different smart objects physically by using the best smart farming practices for the modernization of the livestock industry. Several IoT-based solutions have been introduced to automatically monitor, track, and manage livestock farming with minimal human intervention. This systematic literature review (SLR) presents a comprehensive discussion on major IoT-based livestock applications, state-of-the-art sensor/devices, communication protocols, and new multidisciplinary technologies. The SLR has been compiled by reviewing the research studies published between 2016 and 2022 in well-reputed databases. A total of 879 papers were identified systematically out of which 30 were selected and classified accordingly. Furthermore, a rigorous discussion on relevant technologies such as machine learning, big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence has been presented by developing network architecture, topologies, and platform. Besides, we have presented open issues as well as security challenges and discussed a use case for an IoT-livestock health monitoring system (IoT-LHMS) for key management and end-to-end secure communication among nodes and gateway. In the end, we proposed an IoT-enabled livestock management taxonomy based on major components and presented future research directions

Plant nastic movements follow unique plant behavioural patterns that synchronize with external cues. Because the foliar nastic motions of Portulaca species are solely circadian, it would be fascinating to explore whether and how melatonin governs these movements. Analyzing morphological and anatomical traits in accordance with stomatal behaviour offers visual data regarding the plant species’ gnosophysiology and ecology. Morphometric and anatomical features provide clues and even prove the function of pleiotropic external stimuli. The current study seeks to understand how exogenous melatonin affects the foliar nastic movements in Portulaca oleracea. According to the findings, melatonin functioned as an intracellular hydrodynamic controller by navigating idioblast, crystal densities, and stomatal behaviour. Thus this hormone can be one of the auxiliary internal regulators of turgor pressure, thereby assisting P.oleracea’s characteristic foliar nastic movement that is circadian. The timepoint study at specific zeitgebers indicated that abiotic variables alter the endogenous melatonin concentration of P.oleracea. The idioblast and crystal torques and their angular momentum must be investigated further to calculate the hydraulic forces at work in the leaf lamina. This could decrypt melatonin’s pleiotropic action and the underlying mechanism of foliar nastic motions of other plant species.

Smart glasses are a rapidly emerging mobile data platform, which can be operated in a hands-free manner through voice commands, a heads-up display and a range of sensors and other digital features. As such, smart glasses enable crop scientists, horticulturalists and agronomists to capture, send and receive digital information, while leaving their hands free to carry out accompanying hands-on tasks or plant manipulations. Phenotypic data increasingly drives agricultural and horticultural development and breeding pipeline discovery. Real-world use cases from innovative agriculture and horticulture technology companies, such as Bayer Crop Science, demonstrate how smart glasses are: 1. serving as a digital phenotyping platform that complements established phenotyping platforms; 2. significantly increases efficiency in phenotypic data collection; 3. facilitate remote collaborations on experiments and other agronomic activities. Smart glass technology integrates easily into existing apps extending capabilities and workflows.

Fenebrutinib is an orally administered, selective and reversible BTK inhibitor. Metz et al recently published a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial where fenebrutinib (50mg daily, 150mg daily or 200mg twice-daily) or placebo were randomly administered to 93 adults with CSU refractory to up-dosed H 1-antihistamines during 8 weeks. Fenebrutinib was more effective than placebo in reducing weekly Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7) after 8 weeks, achieving rates of well-controlled disease (UAS7≤6) of up to 57% (with a 200mg twice-daily dose).

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major chronic diseases, which enhances the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the central pathological mechanisms of ED in DM patients are still unclear. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired in 30 type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 31 T2DM with ED (DM-ED) patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). The measure of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was calculated and compared among groups. Results: Differences of fALFF values were found in the left superior frontal gyrus (medial) and middle temporal gyrus among three groups. Compared with HCs group, T2DM group exhibited lower fALFF values in the left superior frontal gyrus (dorsolateral), anterior cingulate gyrus, calcarine fissure and increased fALFF values in the left postcentral gyrus. Compared with HCs group, DM-ED group exhibited lower fALFF values in the left superior frontal gyrus (medial), middle temporal gyrus, temporal middle (pole) and increased fALFF values in the right postcentral gyrus. Compared with T2DM group, DM-ED group exhibited increased fALFF values in the right median cingulum gyrus and left calcarine fissure. Conclusion: DM-ED patients showed functional changes in brain regions that were closely correlated with sexual dysfunction, which suggested that altered regional brain activity might be related to the pathophysiology of DM-ED.

The introduction of virtual resistance can effectively suppress the circulating current between microsources and improve power allocation in low-voltage microgrid, but it also causes the voltage deviation of microsources' inverters. An optimization method of virtual resistance based on hybrid index is proposed in order to suppress circulating current and improve voltage deviation at the same time in this paper. The gradient descent method is used to design the virtual resistance optimization process, aiming at the optimization of hybrid index composed of circulating current and voltage deviation. The constraints are deduced with power quality requirements, capacity limitation and static stability, and then virtual resistance values are optimized. The effects of switching load and microsource on the optimization results are analyzed through the simulation of low-voltage microgrid, and the simulation results show that the virtual resistance optimization method can significantly suppress circulating current while improving power quality.

Deep learning for computer vision has shown promising results in the field of entomology. Deep learning performance is maximized primarily by bulk labeled data which, outside of rare circumstances, are limited in ecological studies. Currently, to utilize deep learning systems, ecologists undergo extensive data collection efforts, or limit their problem to niche tasks. These solutions do not scale to region agnostic models. There are solutions using data augmentation, simulators, generative models, and self-supervised learning that supplement limited data labels. Here, we highlight the success of deep learning for computer vision within entomology, discuss data collection efforts, provide methodologies for annotation efficient learning, and conclude with practical guidelines for how ecologists can empower accessible automated ecological monitoring on a global scale.

Drug-induced photosensitivity is a common problem that may be encountered with a variety of medications. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen and ketoprofen are notable examples. Herein we describe an uncommon manifestation of photosensitivity related to ketoprofen.

The mainstay of treatment in severe asthma is β2 agonist therapy. During its treatment, toxicity may occur especially with the use of oral albuterol or its prolonged nebulization. The clinical manifestations of albuterol toxicity include tachycardia, hypokalemia, tremors, and hyperglycemia. Toxicity occurring due to the use of metered-dose inhaler is less common. Moreover, levalbuterol is believed to have a better safety profile than albuterol, making it a very unusual culprit for toxicity. We report an 8-year-old asthmatic boy who developed severe tachycardia, and agitation and exhibited signs of levalbuterol toxicity. He had been inadvertently administered 50 puffs of levalbuterol via metered drug inhaler at home for an acute exacerbation of asthma. With supportive management, his condition stabilized in 36 hours. This case illustrates that a large dose of levalbuterol administered with a metered-dose inhaler can lead to toxicity, which resolves with discontinuation of β2 agonist therapy and supportive treatment.

A document by Jose C. Tovar. Click on the document to view its contents.

To explore the evolution law of pores/cracks and meso-structures in rocks under stress, sandstones were damaged by different stresses to be studied here. The damaged specimens can be divided into two types by macro-mechanical characteristics: Low Damaged Specimens (LDS) and High Damaged Specimens (HDS). For the LDS, pore/crack propagation mainly occurs between skeleton minerals and filler materials. For the HDS, besides pore/crack propagation, micro-pore initiation inside skeleton minerals is the main factor for damage. According to the meso-mechanics model, particle rotation leads to pore/crack propagation under low-stress conditions, but the modification of specimens’ skeleton structure is limited. As the stress increases, particles will be under higher stress because the rotation of particles will gradually weaken, leading to the formation of transgranular cracks, which transform the skeleton structure. Therefore, under different stresses, the meso-evolution behavior of minerals controls the evolution law of pores/cracks and changes meso-structure of rocks.

Genetic diversity (GD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) respectively represent species’ evolutionary potential and history, and support most of the biodiversity benefits to humanity. Yet, these two biodiversity facets have been overlooked in previous biodiversity policies. As the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity plan to meet in December 2022 to agree on a new post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF), we analyse how GD and PD are considered in this new framework and discuss how this could strengthen their conservation. Although their inclusion could be larger, both GD and PD are currently considered in the first draft of the post-2020 GBF. This represents a significant improvement compared to the CBD strategic plan 2011-2020 and an unprecedented opportunity to bring species’ evolutionary potential and history to the core of public biodiversity policies. We urge the scientific community to leverage this opportunity to actually improve the conservation of species’ evolutionary potential and history.    

Inflammatory granuloma caused by a vegetable foreign body is a lesion that can develop in the oral cavity. It results from the implantation of a vegetable, leading to an inflammatory reaction and the development of an aggressive osteolysis. This case highlights importance of clinicians' awareness regarding this uncommon disorder

Urbanization not only profoundly alters landscape profiles, ecosystems and vertebrate faunal diversity but also disturbs microbial communities by increasing stochasticity, vulnerability, biotic homogenization, etc. However, because of the buffering effect of host species, microbial communities are expected to be influenced by both host species and urbanization stresses; thus, the impacts of urbanization on animals’ microbial symbionts might not be straightforward to understand. In this study, we quantified the urbanization degree of sampling sites and surveyed the gut and skin microbes of three amphibian host species in different sites in urban parks and nearby villages of Chengdu, Southwest China. Furthermore, a co-occurrence network analysis, the phylogenetic normalized stochasticity ratio and Sloan neutral community models were applied to infer the impact of urbanization on symbiotic microbial communities. For the three host species, urbanization increased the diversity of symbiotic microbes and the number of keystone microbial taxa. However, the negative effects of such increased diversification were evident, as the community stochasticity and co-occurrence network structure vulnerability also increased, while the network structure complexity and stability were reduced. Finally, the community stochasticity had positive associations with the network vulnerability, implying that the existence of many transient symbiotic rare microbial taxa in urban parks makes the symbiotic microbial community structure more fragile. Conclusively, urbanization increased the symbiotic microbial diversity at the cost of community stability; the results provide a new perspective for better understanding the complex triangulated environment-host-microbe relationship.

In 2003, Kandelia obovata was identified as a new mangrove species differentiated from Kandelia candel. However, little is known about their chloroplast (cp) genome differences and their possible ecological significance. In this study, 25 whole cp genomes, with seven samples of K. candel from Malaysia, Thailand, and Bangladesh and 18 samples of K. obovata from China, were sequenced for comparison. The cp genomes of both species encoded 128 genes, namely 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes, but the cp genome size of K. obovata was ~2 kb larger than that of K. candle due to the presence of more and longer repeat sequences. Of these, tandem repeats and simple sequence repeats exhibited great differences. Principal component analysis based on indels, and phylogenetic tree analyses constructed with homologous protein genes from the single-copy genes, as well as 38 homologous pair genes among 13 mangrove species, gave strong support to the separation of the two species within the Kandelia genus. Homologous genes ndhD and atpA showed intraspecific consistency and interspecific differences. Molecular dynamics simulations of their corresponding proteins, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase chain 4 (NDH-D) and ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP-A), predicted them to be significantly different in the functions of photosynthetic electron transport and ATP generation in the two species. These results suggest that the energy requirement was a pivotal factor in their adaptation to differential environments geographically separated by the South China Sea. Our results also provide clues for future research on their physiological and molecular adaptation mechanisms to light and temperature.

Supernumerary testes is a rare genetic anomaly characterized by more than two testicles. In the literature only around two hundred cases have been reported. We present an unusual new case which does not conform to the classifications of polyorchidism or previous cases and discuss our management.

Understanding the population structure of a species is important to accurately assess its conservation status and manage the risk of local extinction. The Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas) faces varying levels of exploitation around the world due to its coastal distribution. Information regarding population connectivity is crucial to evaluate its conservation status and local fishing impacts. In this study, we sampled 922 putative Bull Sharks from 19 locations in the first global assessment of population structure of this cosmopolitan species. Using a recently developed DNA-capture approach (DArTcap), samples were genotyped for 3,400 nuclear markers. Additionally, full mitochondrial genomes of 384 Indo-Pacific samples were sequenced. Reproductive isolation was found between and across ocean basins (eastern Pacific, western Atlantic, eastern Atlantic, Indo-West Pacific) with distinct island populations in Japan and Fiji. Bull Sharks appear to maintain reproductive connectivity using shallow coastal waters as dispersal corridors, whereas large oceanic distances and historical land-bridges act as barriers. Females tend to return to the same area for reproduction, making them more susceptible to local threats and an important focus for management actions. Given these behaviours, the exploitation of Bull Sharks from insular populations, such as Japan and Fiji, may instigate local decline that cannot readily be replenished by immigration, which can in turn affect ecosystem dynamics and functions. These data also supported the development of a genetic panel to ascertain the population of origin, which will be useful in monitoring the trade of fisheries products and assessing population-level impacts of this harvest.

Ketorolac has wider clinical use in acute pain management due to cost-effectiveness and safety. We report a case of anaphylaxis to intravenous ketorolac to manage ureteric colic. Health professionals should be aware of the anaphylactic reaction, which is rare yet potentially fatal.

The role of gluten has rarely been explored beyond dermatitis herpetiformis. With the latest craze in the diet industry being a gluten free diet, many parents enforce a gluten free diet on their children and seek dermatologists or paediatricians’ opinion s on the same. However, neither any standard textbook nor any review article widely available on the internet focuses on the role of gluten in disorders beyond dermatitis herpetiformis – viz atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, pilofoliculosebaceous disorders like acne, rosacea and chronic urticarial, angioedema etc. This review examines the role of gluten in the causation of these disorders, examines the evidence available thereof and makes practical recommendations as regards a gluten free diet in these disorders. It is hoped that dermatologists will feel more comfortable to make an informed decision when confronted with the question of excluding or retaining gluten in the diet of children afflicted with these disorders.

A three way categorisation of the health effects of climate change on health is not uniqueTo the EditorA review article in your journal published in January 2022 describes a three-way categorisation of the health effects of climate change.1 These effects are summarised as “direct (such as heat waves)” and “indirect (such as vector-borne disease incidence)”. In addition, however, this review presents as “unique” a discussion that “expands on these issues to address a third category of potential longer-term impacts on global health: famine, population dislocation, and environmental justice and education.”Although most published literature on the topic of climate change and health categorises effects as “direct” and “indirect”, there is widespread recognition of elements of this third category. Indeed, elements of this category appear in each of three papers that were published about climate change and health in 1989, at the dawn of this literature.2An editorial in The Lancet , published in April that year, while avoiding the word “famine” states that global warming (sic) “may reduce crop production, with potentially devastating effects on world food supplies.” It also warned that “armed conflicts would be more likely as countries compete for a dwindling supply of natural resources”.3 The second paper (published June 1989) does use the word “famine”.4 The final paper published in that year (in December) avoids the word “famine” but warns of “starvation” “especially in poor countries that are already only marginally self-sufficient with respect to food”.5To my knowledge, the first deliberate use of a three-way framework to describe the health effects of climate change was read to the section on occupational medicine, at the Royal Society of Medicine (London), in February 1992.6 An article describing this presentation was published in the following year.6 It uses the word “primary” as a synonym for and in addition to the word “direct”, mainly to describe the impact of heat on health, such as from heatwaves and reduced winter cold. Instead of “indirect” the paper warns of “secondary” effects including changes in the distribution of arboviruses, malaria and respiratory and allergic diseases.However, this paper also devotes approximately one third of its total length to a description of what it calls “tertiary” effects, including impacts on the “availability of food and water”, “refugees”, and on the “probability of conflict and on political and economic systems.” In the same month (December) a second paper was published (with the same lead author), which uses an almost identical three-way framework.7 This paper also mentions famine, refugees and conflict in the “tertiary” category.The terms “primary”, “secondary” and “tertiary”, in the context of climate change and health, were then absent from the literature for over 16 years, although brief hints of elements of the third category occasionally surfaced.2 In 2010 these terms were revived, using conflict as an example of a “tertiary” effect.8 This paper also stated that there “is a high probability that the current trajectory of climate change, resource depletion and ecological loss will undermine our own civilisation.” In response, the authors argued, this “should motivate intense preventive activity.”In 2014, this three-way framework was used as the basis of an edited book, with three chapters in the tertiary section; one on famine, one on population dislocation and the third on conflict.9Mental health effects were conceptualised as “cross cutting” as it was reasoned that psychological distress can arise from the experience or effects of any of the main three effect categories. For example, a person displaced by a super-typhoon, aggravated by warmer sea temperature and a rising sea level, may not starve, may not be displaced, nor be a participant or victim in subsequent conflict; however he or she may still be psychologically traumatised (see figure).Similarly, issues such as social justice and education are more fairly considered as cross-cutting. To imply that these issues only apply to the third category, as the abstract in the review suggests, is to inappropriately restrict the scope of these very important issues.1