Ultra-narrow bandgap (ultra-NBG) small molecule acceptors (SMAs) show great potential in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to the extend-ed near-infrared (NIR) absorption. In this work, a synergetic alkoxy side-chain and chlorine-contained end group strategy is employed to achieve A-DA’D-A type ultra-NBG SMAs by introducing alkoxy chains with oxygen atom at the second position into the thiophene β posi-tion as well as replacing the F atoms with Cl atoms in the end group. As a result, the heptacyclic BZO-4F shows a redshifted absorption onset (960 nm) than Y11 (932 nm) without oxygen atoms in the side chains. Then, the fluorinated end groups are substituted with the chlorinated ones to synthesize BZO-4Cl. The absorption onset of BZO-4Cl is further redshifted to 990 nm, corresponding to an optical ultra-NBG of 1.25 eV. When blending with the polymer donor PBDB-T, the binary devices based on PBDB-T: BZO-4F and PBDB-T: BZO-4Cl delivers power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 12%. Furthermore, ternary devices with the addition of BZ4F-O-1 into PBDB-T: BZO-4Cl system achieve the optimal PCE of 15.51%. This work proposes a synergetic alkoxy side-chain and chlorine-contained end group strategy to achieve A-DA’D-A type ultra-NBG SMAs, which is important for future molecular design.

BACKGROUND: Behavioral and emotional problems (BEPs) affected a significant proportion of preschool-aged children. The Covid-19 pandemic may increase the prevalence and treatment gap. Therefore, assessing determinant factors is needed to design appropriate prevention and early interventions. This study aims to assess the prevalence of BEPs in preschool-aged children in Indonesia and its determinant factors during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in the Sleman District, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, from July to August 2022. We recruited children aged 2 to 5 and their parents using the Sleman Health and Demography Surveillance System framework. We used the Early Childhood Screening Assessment to detect BEPs in children and parents with a risk of depression. RESULTS: We recruited 214 children and their caregivers. The prevalence of BEPs in young children was 17.8%, and 16.8% of parents have a risk of depression. Based on the multivariate regression analysis, factors associated with BEPs are males adjusted OR 2.26 (95% CI:1.01-5.08) and parents with a risk for depression adjusted Odds Ratio 5.11 (95% CI 2.21-11.81). CONCLUSION: Early detection and intervention of BEPs in children and parents are essential to prevent mental illness and improve well-being, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from water is routinely used in river biodiversity research, and via metabarcoding eDNA can provide comprehensive taxa lists with little effort and cost. However, eDNA-based species detection in streams and rivers may be influenced by sampling season, location, and other key factors such as water temperature and discharge. Research linking these factors and also informing on the potential of eDNA metabarcoding to detect shifts in ecological signatures, such as species phenology and functional feeding groups across seasons, is missing. To address this gap, we collected 102 water samples every two weeks for 15 months at a long-term ecological research (LTER) site and at three different positions in the river’s cross section, specifically the water surface, riverbed, and riverbank. We analyzed macroinvertebrate species and molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) richness and temporal community turnover across seasons and sampling positions based on COI metabarcoding data. Using Generalized Additive Models, we found a significant influence of sampling season but not sampling position on community composition. Community turnover followed a cyclic pattern, reflecting the continuous change of the macroinvertebrate community throughout the year (‘seasonal clock’). Although water temperature had no influence on the inferred community composition, higher discharge reduced the number of Annelida and Ephemeroptera species detectable with eDNA. Most macroinvertebrate taxa showed the highest detection rates in spring, in particular merolimnic species with univoltine life cycles. Further, we detected an increase in proportion of shredders in winter and of parasites in summer. Our results show the usefulness of highly resolved eDNA metabarcoding time series data for ecological research and biodiversity monitoring in streams and rivers.

Mini-Commentary on BJOG-22-0480.R1:‘Perinatal outcomes of socially disadvantaged women in Australia: A population-based retrospective cohort study ’

A novel 3-bit frequency-reconfigurable antenna (FRA) with miniaturized dimensions is realized with a meander line. The frequency reconfiguration of the antenna is achieved by introducing N RF p-i-n diodes into the meander line. The related parts of the meander line with different lengths are bypassed or included into the antenna by switching on or off the diodes, resulting in 2N switchable size lengths of the antenna and equally spaced operating frequencies. A 3-bit meander-line reconfigurable antenna (N=3) is designed, and the simulated and measured results agree well. The antenna provides 23=8 independent switchable states, with the operating frequencies covering a wide switchable frequency range from 1.04 GHz to 1.51 GHz and the working bandwidths varying from 80 MHz to 150 MHz. The number of working states is optimally large, considering the number of switches used. Besides, this work has an acceptable peak gain of 1.59 dBi regarding the miniaturized total dimension of 0.17 λ × 0.07 λ (λ is the wavelength of the lowest working frequency), which is more compact than many published FRAs.

HbSE is a rare hemoglobinopathy with conflicting reports in the literature regarding potential complications. We report an 11-year old girl with HbSE disease and resultant bone infarction most likely due to vaso-occlusion. She had similar HbS and HbE levels as her sister, who has had no complications to date. We performed a literature review and identified a further 23 pediatric cases of Hemoglobin SE and although the majority of patients remained asymptomatic, up to 50% of children may suffer mostly vas-occlusive complications, some resulting in death. Infection and hyposplenism were uncommon. Further reports and case series of HbSE are needed to clarify the natural history of this rare hemoglobinopathy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate dietetic resource and current nutrition screening, assessment and intervention practices in paediatric oncology centres in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Methods: A national survey of the two specialist treatment centres and 14 Shared Care Centres (SCC’s) that provide care to childhood cancer patients in Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ) was conducted. Results: The two specialist treatment centres in Aotearoa, NZ were the only centres with dedicated dietetic oncology FTE; this FTE was devoted to inpatient care. Only 5 SCC’s (44%) had access to general paediatric dietetic support. Dietetic cover for outpatients/day-stay, and use of standardised nutrition screening and assessment tools was limited. Weight and height were commonly measured but there was inconsistency in the frequency and recording of measurements. Nutrition interventions including nutrition education, oral nutrition support (ONS), enteral nutrition (EN) and intravenous nutrition (IVN) were available within all centres but criteria for initiating support varied. Common barriers to providing nutrition interventions included staff resourcing and ad-hoc referral pathways. Awareness of the relevance and clinical benefit of nutrition in paediatric oncology was low; suggestions to improve nutrition screening, assessment and intervention within Aotearoa, New Zealand included the creation of standardised screening and referral criteria. Conclusion: Resource limitations and lack of nutritional screening and assessment prevent adequate nutritional intervention for children with cancer in Aotearoa, NZ. Akin to other high-income countries there is a need to harmonise the management of nutritional challenges among children with cancer. This study provides a first step in establishing an evidence base to help support efforts to address this need in Aotearoa, NZ.

Two new yeast strains designated as 20-27-1 and 20-28 were isolated from the fruiting body of Tricholoma gambosum and Marasmius maximus, respectively, which were collected in Wudaogou, Weichang county, Chengde area, Hebei Province, China. Analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions showed that the two new strains differed from each other by one nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 domains and were identical in the ITS regions. The combined ITS and D1/D2 sequences phylogenetic analysis showed that the two strains were closely related to Nakazawaea ernobii and Nakazawaea holstii and differed from them by 99.3% (substitution: deletion 3: 1) and 98.7% (substitution: deletion 6: 1) similarity in D1/D2 domains, respectively. About 97.1% similarity of ITS sequences was presented between the two new strains and the two known species. Physiologically, those two new strains differed from N. ernobii and N. holstii by assimilation of melibiose, inulin, D-glucosamine, soluble starch and DL-lactate. The phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that those two strains represent a novel species of the genus Nakazawaea. Therefore, the name Nakazawaea tricholomae sp. nov. was proposed for those two strains. The holotype is deposited in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center as CGMCC 2.7006 T. The new species name is registered in Fungal Names as FN 571492.

Accurate monitoring of burial depth can effectively avoid severe submarine cable failures. For existing submarine cable burial depth detections, they are not only difficult to implement but also impossible to monitor in real time. In this contribution, we propose a real-time monitoring method for the burial depth of direction current submarine cable based on the equivalent thermal circuit and optical fiber monitoring temperature: establish an equivalent thermal circuit from the built-in optical fiber to the outer sheath, use the optical fiber monitoring temperature to calculate the outer sheath temperature, then calculate the seabed soil thermal resistance from the core loss, the outer sheath temperature and the seabed surface temperature, and then calculate the burial depth of submarine cable according to the relationship between the seabed soil thermal resistance and the burial depth in IEC-60287 standard. We simulate the optical fiber monitoring temperature by finite element analysis, and put forward correction factors to determine the thermal resistance of the bedding layer and the armour layer according to the simulation results. Our results show that the maximum error of detection does not exceed 8cm when the depth of burial lies in the range from 0.5m to 1.5m under any current load.

A power line carrier (PLC) communication characteristics-based method is proposed for single-phase-to-ground fault location in neutral isolated medium voltage (MV) meshed distribution networks in this paper. The carrier signals with a time-varying frequency and constant amplitude are processed by a set of PLC transmitters and receivers, whose placement is optimized by regarding the power network as an undirected graph. Two signal encoding and decoding algorithms for the PLC terminals are proposed to avoid using expensive timing systems between the terminals. The fault location technique is implemented by comparing the cosine similarity of amplitude attenuation (AA) and phase offset (PO) between the fault and a library. The node corresponding to the maximum cosine similarity of the characteristics between the present fault and the library is selected as the location of the current fault. Only one set of low-cost PLC communication terminals and the widely available power lines are needed in the fault location system, making this approach highly practical. Numerical simulations using MATLAB/Simulink have been performed to verify the technique’s feasibility. The results show that the method can accurately locate faults in neutral isolated MV meshed distribution networks. Besides, the presented approach achieves high accuracy in estimating transition resistance values.

This paper proposes a novel primary frequency regulation (PFR) scheme for Multi infeed HVDC (MIDC) system. First, a dynamic model for frequency response (FR) in MIDC system is carried out to involve LCC-HVDCs in frequency regulation. Then, a disturbance observer (DO) is proposed to estimate both the power imbalance and the full order states of the system. By combining a Kalman filter (KF), this DO gets an accurate estimation quickly with local frequency measurement. On the basis of the estimated disturbance and state variables, feedforward control schemes can be concluded to fully utilize the fast adjustability of LCC-HVDCs. In this paper, an model predictive control (MPC) based scheme is designed to coordinate LCC-HVDCs under constraints of HVDC capacity and frequency boundaries. As a result, the optimal power-sharing property of LCC-HVDCs is achieved to enhance the PFR dynamic performance of the AC main system. Further, the stability of the proposed method is analyzed using Lyapunov method. Finally, numerical simulations are concluded to verify the effectiveness and the merits of the proposed method, by comparing it to typical droop controls.

Resettlement as a poverty alleviation strategy is common in Sri Lanka. Many local and international entities along with the government, relocate poor people with better housing facilities and uplift their living standards. Especially, providing a new housing unit with basic facilities is making them a favorable atmosphere to nurturing a new livelihood pattern, new social network system, access to market, access for school and health facilities, etc. However, there are many negative consequences of resettlement, particularly relating to the mental health and psychological well-being of resettlers. It is also revealed that women are more vulnerable to resettlement and experience many mental health issues during and after resettlement. In addition, there are several psychological impacts among the resettlers that have been identified apparently. However, no detailed study to date has directly focused on the main contributions to the mental health of women resettlers in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to address said gap from a sociological perspective with reference to popular resettlement models, concepts, and other related frameworks. Particularly, this study is focused in Kaluthara district of Sri Lanka. The study revealed that resettled woman usually go through a transition period where she experience emotional disturbances such as fear, anxiety and stress which gradually reduces when she adjusts to the new environment, if resettlement initiative assures,financial strength with better livelihood opportunities and social recognition. Also, study findings conclude how resettlers could experience mental and emotional instability due to lack of essential facilities like proper sanitation, efficient public services, better safety and security, corporative and pleasant neighborhood etc.

Conventional doors have gotten little attention for a number of reasons, including the need for a unique key for each door, the requirement of specialized equipment to duplicate keys, the difficulty to determine who opened the door, and the absence of alternatives to utilizing the traditional key. Apart from that, standard locks are subject to lock picking tools, tools that reach under/over the door frame to reach the door handle, and bump keys, which utilize force to set the lock pins and open the door. This paper develops a secure Internet of Things Smart Door Lock System (IoT-SDL) that can unlock door without keys or other physical tools. Installing and initializing the IoT-SDL system requires inserting the home’s WIFI SSID and password into the Raspberry Pi’s WIFI access point and providing internet connectivity. After installation, users may be configured and enabled IoT-SDL capabilities using a web interface. The IoT-SDL system includes a touchscreen keypad and an RFID scanner that are used to unlock the door if the user chooses to activate the two-factor authentication function. The results showed the ability of the IoT-SDL system to remember who pushed the door unlock button, so it is possible to exactly know who has been in the space. Additionally, the user had the ability to generate temporary PIN codes that are valid for a predetermined amount of time and are intended for reliable guests to enter on the touchscreen keypad of the IoT-SDL in order to open the door. The IoT-SDL system includes a number of additional options that can be used to personalize the way the door functions due to the essential property that the door should be used to serve its users rather than the other way around. The user had the ability to remotely open the door with the push of a button after they have used the interfaces that are provided to them. The access was possible to any and all of the data that the IoT-SDL has collected by making use of the different application program interfaces.

This paper purpose is to make a smart contract wallet which is Sybil resistant and it helps in keeping the integrity of the blockchain network.

A document by Wenwu Lian. Click on the document to view its contents.

Objective (study question): There is an increasing need for preventive health care as well as precise diagnosis and tailored treatment of different diseases in recent years. Providing customized treatment for each patient and maximizing accuracy and efficiency are main goals of a good healthcare system. The digital twin technology along with Industry 4.0 is being implemented in different industries nowadays. in many countries. It is showing significant improvements by maximizing efficiency, accuracy and reducing wastage in the system. It is also being evaluated and being started in the field of healthcare and the medical industry. This technology can offer innovative solutions for precise diagnosis, preventive health care and personalized treatments. Though there are challenges in data collection, data integration and accurate simulation at this stage, it is speculated that the digital twin will have an increasing foot fall and will be a new platform for health management systems and the medical industry. This article proposes a framework and configuration for using digital twin technology along with Industry 4.0 in health care applications. data sources/study setting (w/ hospital/institution setting anonymized), study design, data collection/extraction methods: A case study of this technology was also conducted by applying it on a human being and his health condition has been monitored online by using industry 4.0 technology i.e. using IOT sensors and collecting data on web real-time basis. principal findings: It is observed that preventive health care is becoming easy and accurate on a real-time basis . These data would be analyzed and conclusion can be drawn regarding the health condition of the patient and appropriate treatment can be given to him. Conclusion: It is obvious that in future, the generations to come will see the digital twin for every human being. As soon as a baby is born, its digital twin will be in cyber space and its healthcare will be looked after with the aid of this technology till its death. But the main challenge will be the privacy of people if it is implemented on a large scale.

The Mpox contagion is an orthopoxvirus that causes Mpox( Mpox), a complaint with symptoms analogous to smallpox, although less severe. Mpox( Mpox) is a viral complaint that affects humans and creatures causing a rash and skin lesions in humans and creatures. The identification and opinion of Mpox lesions are important for the proper treatment and operation of the complaint. Due to the effect of Covid outbreak which effected human life, rearmost start of Mpox has now become a cause of concern for healthcare providers all over the world. So we need to have prior thinking or early analysis to slow down the progression and spread of Mpox. In this study, we used the Convolutional Neural Network( CNN) models to classify Mpox skin lesion images into different orders. The dataset used for detecting Mpox has been given by the CSE Department, Islamic University, Kushtia- 7003, Bangladesh. We employed the Mpox skin lension dataset intimately available from Kaggle( 770 images). This skin lension dataset consists of four classes similar as Mpox, Chickenpox, Measles, and Normal skin images. In the coming step, several pre-trained deep literacy models, videlicet, VGG- 16, VGG- 19, ResNet50V2, ResNet101V2, Xception, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV2 to identify the most accurate model for classifying the images. We also performed data addition ways, including gyration, zooming, and flipping, to increase the size of the training dataset and ameliorate the model’s conception capability. Xception achieves the best overall accuracy of 89.24%, while DenseNet121 achieved Test accuracy : 87.34%, ResNet101V2 achieved Test accuracy of 84.17%, ResNet50V2 achieved Test accuracy of 87.34%, MobileNetV2 achieved Test accuracy of 86.07%, VGG-16 achieved Test accuracy of 82.27%, VGG-19 achieved Test accuracy of 81.01% respectively. Although the preliminary results obtained from the limited dataset are encouraging, a more diverse dataset covering a wider demographic is needed to improve the models generalizability.

Introduction: There is a general perception of the safety of use for herbal medicines. Moreover, limited studies addressed herbal-drug interactions (HDI). The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) established Herbal-Drug Interaction project to detect and assess HDIs to ensure safety. The aim is to detect safety signals and assess them based on available evidence. Methods: First, a number of SFDA-registered herbal products (n=30) were selected and prioritized based on commonly used herbs. Second, reported HDIs were retrieved from the World Health Organization (WHO) global database of individual case safety reports (VigiBase), AdisInsight® and Natural Medicines database. We excluded non-registered drugs by SFDA and labeled interactions in the product information of SFDA, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and European medicines agency (EMA). Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of potential HDIs using several evidence sources; literature, global cases, local cases and other relevant documents. The Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) scale used to assess the probability of a causal relationship between interacting herb-drug and the event. Results: The search yielded 566 potential signals, and 41 had published evidence and referred for assessment. The assessment results using DIPS were; 22 possible (53.6 %), 7 probable (17%), and 12 doubtful (29.2%) interactions. Recommendation was to include probable HDIs in the product information, including Turmeric-Tacrolimus, Etoposide-Echinacea, Ginkgo Biloba-Ibuprofen, Green Tea-Warfarin, and Licorice-Thiazides interactions. Conclusion: The HDI project assessed in the screening and identification of potential herbal-drug interactions. The action plan of this project can be used in post-marketing activities to identify potential drug interactions.

Background Modern resin filter haemadsorption/hemoperfusion for calcium channel blocker (CCB) overdose is yet to be reported in the published literature. The characteristics of CCB’s effectively make them unamenable to removal by haemodiafiltration or charcoal hemoperfusion, however, removal using styrene bead adsorption in an in vitro model has been demonstrated. Its clinical use is described in this case report. Case presentation A male patient in his twenties was admitted with haemodynamic instability and shock into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), following an overdose of an unknown quantity of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) and risperidone (atypical antipsychotic). Resuscitation and supportive care were administered, but hypotension did not resolve despite the administration of intravenous fluids, infusions of calcium, adrenaline, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic therapy (HIE). Methylene blue was then administered to maintain the mean arterial pressures. However, the haemodynamic effect was short-lived and did not allow the weaning of the adrenaline. Drug clearance using hemoperfusion/haemadsorption was attempted using a styrene resin filter. During the two hemoperfusion sessions, each of 6 hours duration, and 24 hours apart, the patient had successfully weaned off all supportive measures and was later discharged home. At the end of each session, significant amlodipine concentrations were detected in blood aspirated from both filters. Conclusions Our case illustrates a temporal relationship between resin hemoperfusion therapy and the resolution of haemodynamic instability and shock. Significant amlodipine concentrations were measured in blood from the filter while shock resolution after initiation of hemoperfusion occurred in less than one elimination half-life of amlodipine.

Objective: To study the prescribing pattern and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, India. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months at the inpatient and outpatient departments of the hospital. A total of 100 patients with diabetes were included in our study. Demographic characteristics were recorded and 100 prescriptions were analyzed. ADRs were reported and analyzed. Results: Among the 100 patients, 58 were male and 42 were female. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-60 years. Biguanides (38%) and sulphonylureas (31%) were the most commonly prescribed anti-diabetic drugs. A total of 8 ADRs were reported, including hypoglycemia, gastric irritation, and abdominal discomfort. Metformin had the highest number of ADRs among the oral hypoglycemic drugs. Conclusion: The study showed that the prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in the hospital was in line with the essential medicine list. ADRs were reported, with hypoglycemia being the most common ADR observed. Continuous monitoring and reporting of ADRs is necessary for the safe and effective use of anti-diabetic drugs. Keywords: Prescribing pattern, adverse drug reactions, anti-diabetic drugs, diabetes, metformin

A document by Oluwatosin Ogundare. Click on the document to view its contents.

Ecological stoichiometry is a scientific discipline that studies the balance of energy and multiple chemical elements in biological systems, and it has been widely applied in fish research. However, there are few studies on fishes with different reproductive modes, such as Coilia, which experience habitat shifts during their life history and serve as important ecological links between marine and freshwater ecosystems. To address this gap, we compared the ecological chemical elements of four Coilia species (C. nasus, C. brachygnathus, C. mystus and C. grayii) to understand their organismal stoichiometry pattern in terms of changes in C, N, and P. The result shows, 1) The C content of Coilia had a wide range and was higher than the general fish, ranging from 40% -70%, while N% and P% were 4%-12% and 0.5%-3%, respectively. 2) Diadromous populations showed wider variations of elemental stoichiometry during migration than non-migration populations, with a higher coefficient of variation of elements and C:N:P than other Coilia species. In particular, the C content of diadromous Coilia nasus was the highest (>60% in the East China Sea) when the fish was ready for spawning migration, while N and P were opposites. Diadromous fish might have evolved a mechanism to store as much lipid as possible in their bodies to meet the energy demand during their long migration journey; 3) There were certain similarities between the biochemical composition and elemental changes. The trends of total fat and C content curves were consistent, with anadromous Coilia nasus storing a large amount of fat before migration to meet their energy needs during long-distance migration. The variation trends of crude protein and N content curve were similar to some degree, with crude protein and total fat having opposite trends, meaning that increased with a decrease in total fat, and vice versa

Vector-borne diseases cause significant financial and human loss, with billions of dollars spent on control. Arthropod vectors experience a complex suite of environmental factors that affect fitness, population growth, and species interactions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Temperature and water availability are two of the most important abiotic variables influencing their distributions and abundances. While extensive research on temperature exists, the influence of humidity on vector and pathogen parameters affecting disease dynamics are less understood. Humidity is often underemphasized, and when considered, is often treated as independent of temperature even though desiccation likely contributes to declines in trait performance at warmer temperatures. This Perspectives explores how humidity shapes the thermal performance of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. We summarize what is known about its effects and propose a conceptual model for how temperature and humidity interact to shape the range of temperatures across which mosquitoes persist and achieve high transmission potential. We discuss how failing to account for these interactions hinders efforts to forecast transmission dynamics and respond to epidemics of mosquito-borne infections. We outline future research areas that will ground the effects of humidity on the thermal biology of pathogen transmission in a theoretical and empirical framework to improve spatial and temporal prediction of vector-borne pathogen transmission.

In CASP15 there was a greater emphasis on multimeric modelling than in previous experiments, with assembly structures nearly doubling in number (41 up from 22) since the previous round. CASP15 also included a new estimation of model accuracy (EMA) category in recognition of the importance of objective quality assessment for quaternary structure models. ModFOLDdock is a multimeric model quality assessment server developed by the McGuffin group at the University of Reading, which brings together a range of single-model, clustering and deep learning methods to form a consensus of approaches. For CASP15 three variants of ModFOLDdock were developed to optimise for the different facets of the quality estimation problem. The standard ModFOLDdock variant produced predicted scores optimised for positive linear correlations with the observed scores. The ModFOLDdockR variant produced predicted scores optimised for ranking, i.e., the top-ranked models have highest accuracy. In addition, the ModFOLDdockS variant used a quasi-single model approach to score each model on an individual basis. The scores from all three variants achieved strongly positive Pearson correlation coefficients with the CASP observed scores (oligo-lDDT) in excess of 0.70, which were maintained across both homomeric and heteromeric model populations. In addition, at least one of the ModFOLDdock variants was consistently ranked in the top two methods across all three EMA categories. Specifically, for overall global fold prediction accuracy, ModFOLDdock placed second and ModFOLDdockR placed third; for overall interface quality prediction accuracy ModFOLDdockR, ModFOLDdock and ModFOLDdockS were placed above all other predictor methods, and ModFOLDdockR and ModFOLDdockS were placed second and third respectively for individual residue confidence scores. The ModFOLDdock server is available at: [https://www.reading.ac.uk/bioinf/ModFOLDdock/](https://www.reading.ac.uk/bioinf/ModFOLDdock/). ModFOLDdock is also available as part of the MultiFOLD docker package: [https://hub.docker.com/r/mcguffin/multifold](https://hub.docker.com/r/mcguffin/multifold)