The effect of microstructure characteristic on the anisotropy of mechanical properties has been studied for a selective laser melt (SLM) AlSi10Mg material. The cell structure and fine grains at the melt pool boundarie (MPB) are gradually eliminated by different heat treatment processes. Althought the cell structure of MPB has been eliminated, it is found that the mechanical properties of the transverse specimen and longitudinal specimen are still different due to the heterogeneity of grain. In the process of plastic deformation, when the tensile direction perpendicular to the MPB, the deformation incompatibility between fine grains and columnar grains lead to the excessive stress concentration and rapid fracture along the zone boundary. The change of loading direction can alleviate strain localization and improve the uniform deformation ability of the sample. The heterostructure of SLM AlSi10Mg is related to the remelting and resolidification of MPBs. The results provide guidance for the design of SLM AlSi10Mg material with better mechanical properties.

This study explores the effect of adding 3wt.% Y to pure magnesium (Mg) on its mechanical behavior under cyclic torsional loadings at room temperature. The research examines deformation and cracking modes in both pure Mg and Mg-3Y samples. Deformation modes are monitored using quasi-in-situ EBSD observations coupled with slip trace analysis. The findings reveal that basal slip dominates the cyclic deformation throughout the fatigue life of the pure Mg sample, while both basal and pyramidal slip dominate the cyclic deformation in the Mg-3Y sample. Intergranular cracking is the primary cracking mode for both samples under cyclic torsional loadings. Basal and pyramidal slip PSB cracking serves as a primary transgranular cracking mode in the pure Mg and Mg-3Y samples, respectively. The study also investigates the underlying mechanism governing the activity of various deformation modes, cracking modes, and mechanical behavior.

This study examines water demand in 19 public water systems in Salt Lake County, Utah, USA, including the metropolitan and economic center Salt Lake City, as water users adjusted to sudden shifts in work and social activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We develop water demand models based on climate and population during a pre-COVID period and evaluate whether these models hold for the initial pandemic year 2020 and beyond (2021) by comparing predicted and observed water demands. Our analysis captures a shift in water demand away from Salt Lake City into surrounding communities and from non-residential to residential settings. During 2020, total countywide water demand rose by 8.5% overall. In Salt Lake City, residential water demand rose by 5.3% while non-residential water demand fell by 4.9%; in the rest of the county, residential water demand rose by 14.5% while non-residential water demand rose by 2.9%. We attribute the redistribution of water demand to stay-at-home activity during much of 2020. The observed post-pandemic shifts demonstrate how water demands can quickly and substantially deviate from historic conditions. Additionally, poor model performance for demands in 2021 indicate that the temporary but major disruption of the pandemic may have resulted in a more sustained, long-term shift in water demands. Municipal water systems may benefit from planning scenarios that consider the scale (magnitude and persistence) of corresponding impacts on hydraulics, water quality, and revenue.

Wind-thermal bundled power transmission system with series compensation (WTBPTSSC) is widely used in the power system. Power system stabilizer (PSS) and traditional supplementary damping controller (TSDC) are often installed to mitigate low-frequency oscillation (LFO) and subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) in the power system. In this paper, the damping characteristics and interaction of the controllers are analyzed to guide the coordinated control of different controllers. In light of this issue, a small-signal state-space model of WTBPTSSC was built first. Then, the path-damping torque coefficient method combined with the small-signal state-space model is proposed. The damping characteristics of PSS and TSDC were analyzed, at the same time, PSS and TSDC providing damping in different frequency bands were pointed out. Finally, through theoretical analysis and simulation verification, the conclusion is that there are few interactions between PSS and TSDC, but due to their damping characteristics, PSS should be configured in priority when the controller parameters are configured, which can make both low-frequency oscillations and subsynchronous oscillations well suppressed.

Quantitative knowledge about ecohydrological partitioning across the critical zone in different types of urban green space is important to balance sustainable water needs in cities during future challenges of increasing urbanization and climate warming. We monitored stable water isotopes in liquid precipitation and atmospheric water vapour (δ v) using in-situ cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) over a two-month period in an urban green space area in Berlin, Germany. Our aim was to better understand the origins of atmospheric moisture and its link to water partitioning under contrasting urban vegetation. δ v was monitored at multiple heights (0.15, 2 and 10 m) in grassland and forest plots. The isotopic composition of δ v above both land uses was highly dynamic and positively correlated with that of rainfall indicating the changing sources of atmospheric moisture. Further, the isotopic composition of δ v was similar across most heights of the 10 m profiles and between the two plots indicating limited aerodynamic mixing. Only the surface at ~0.15 m height above the grassland, δ v showed significant differences, with more enriched values indicative of evaporative fractionation immediately after rainfall events. Further, disequilibrium between δ v and precipitation composition was evident during and right after rainfall events with more positive values (i.e. vapour more enriched than precipitation) in summer and negative values in winter, which probably results from higher evapotranspiration and more convective precipitation events in summer. Our work showed that it is technically feasible to produce continuous, longer-term data on δ v isotope composition in urban areas from in-situ monitoring using CRDS, providing novel insights into water cycling and partitioning across the critical zone of an urban green space. Such data has the potential to better constrain the isotopic interface between the atmosphere and the land surface and to improve ecohydrological models that can resolve evapotranspiration fluxes.

Objectives: Inappropriate dose of vancomycin can cause nephrotoxicity, which should be avoided in clinical, particularly in patients with renal insufficiency. We aim to use machine learning techniques to explore important variables influencing vancomycin dose in patients with renal insufficiency and establish an individualized medication model to benefit these patients. Methods: Vancomycin administration cases in patients with renal insufficiency were collected at Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from May 2018 to March 2022. Sequential Forward Selection was used for feature selection. Eight machine learning algorithms were compared the predictive performance, including XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, GBDT, RF, SVC, KNN, and Logistic Regression. The one with the best predictive performance was chosen to calculate the importance score of modeling variables and establish the individualized medication model. Dose subgroups were divided into 500 mg, 1000 mg, 1500 mg and 2000 mg. Subgroup analysis based on the modeling variables were conducted. Results: This study included 237 eligible patients with 351 vancomycin cases. Six important variables were screened out, including gender, weight, AUC, uric acid, creatinine and total protein. CatBoost was chosen with the best prediction performance (accuracy=0.59) for modeling. The individualized medication model had precision over 53% and recall rate over 50% among all dose subgroups. The prediction of 1500 mg vancomycin had the best precision (65%), recall rate (71%) and F1-score (0.68). Conclusion: The individualized medication model of vancomycin for patients with renal insufficiency has good predictive performance, which can help clinicians make better decision of vancomycin use.

Recent evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system can contribute to memory consolidation during sleep. Whether fluctuations in cardiac autonomic activity during sleep following physical exercise contribute to the process of memory consolidation has not been studied. We assessed the effects of a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) nap following acute exercise on cardiac autonomic regulation assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) to examine if HRV influences memory processes. Fifty-six (59% female) healthy young adults (23.14 ± 3.74 years) were randomly allocated to either the exercise plus nap (ExNap, n = 27) or nap alone (NoExNap, n = 29) groups. The ExNap group performed a 40-minute moderate-intensity cycling, while the NoExNap group was sedentary prior to learning 45 neutral pictures for a later test. Subsequently, participants underwent a 60-minute NREM nap while measuring EKG, followed by a visual recognition test. Our results indicated that heart rate did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.302); whereas vagally-mediated HRV indices were lower in the ExNap group compared to the NoExNap group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in sleep variables (p > 0.05). Recognition accuracy was significantly higher in the ExNap group than in the NoExNap group (p = 0.027). In addition, the recognition accuracy of the ExNap group was negatively associated with vagally-mediated HRV (p < 0.05). Pre-nap acute exercise attenuated parasympathetic activity and appears to alter the relationship between memory and cardiac autonomic activity, suggesting that post-exercise memory enhancement may be based on other mechanisms.

Early product performance issues involving a new leadless pacemaker result in potentially harmful exchanges during device implantation.

Many previous studies have focused on leaf litter decomposition in tropical ecosystems, but our understanding of the effect of root diversity on decomposition and soil respiration is still unclear. We investigated the decomposition of fine-roots from 21 dominant tree species from a tropic forest in a long-term, well-replicated incubation experiment with varying levels of root diversity. We measured fine-root mass loss and soil CO2 release and analyzed potential microbial drivers and related soil properties. Our results showed that as fine-root litter diversity increased, soil properties, microbial diversity, and fungal biomass changed nonlinearly, leading to the highest mass loss and soil CO2 release in the moderate diversity treatment group. Indirect effects of soil properties and microbial communities were larger than the direct effect of fine-root diversity. Our findings suggest that root diversity has a nonlinear effect on soil respiration during decomposition and emphasize the importance of protecting biodiversity.

A document by Julian Lilkendey. Click on the document to view its contents.

Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a major threat to terrestrial vegetation biodiversity. The reactive N deposition includes reduced (NHx) and oxidized (NOy) forms, which play different roles in a variety of biological processes. Whether NHx and NOy affect the vegetation biodiversity differently or equivalently has been paid little attention despite decades of research on biodiversity changes in response to N deposition. Combining a meta-analysis and an N gradient experiment, we found that reduced N (i.e., NH4+) addition resulted in a significant species loss of forbs. By contrast, oxidized N (NO3-) addition showed a much weaker impact on species richness. The greater impact of reduced than oxidized N on the species loss could be due to the susceptibility of forbs to NH4+ toxicity and nitrification-induced acidification, which weakened their competition for light and other resources compared with grasses. These results provide direct evidence that reduced N exerts greater impacts on grassland plant species losses than oxidated N, emphasizing that the ratio of NHx to NOy, in addition to the total N deposition amount, should be considered as an important predictor of grassland biodiversity losses.

Background Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor disease and the leading cause of female mortality. The evolution of nanomaterials science opens the opportunity to improve traditional cancer therapies, enhancing therapy efficiency and reducing side effects. Methods and major results Herein, protein cages conceived as enzymatic nanoreactors were designed and produced by using virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) from Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) and containing the catalytic activity of glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx). The GOx enzyme was encapsulated into the BMV capsid (VLP-GOx), and the resulting enzymatic nanoreactors were coated with human serum albumin (VLP-GOx@HSA) for breast tumor cell targeting. The effect of the synthesized GOx nanoreactors on breast tumor cell lines was studied in vitro. Both nanoreactor preparations VLP-GOx and VLP-GOx@HSA showed to be highly cytotoxic for breast tumor cell cultures. Cytotoxicity for human embryonic kidney cells was also found. The monitoring of nanoreactors treatement on triple negative breast cancer cells showed an evident production of oxygen by the catalase antioxidant enzyme induced by the high production of hydrogen peroxide from GOx activity. Conclusions and implications The nanoreactors containing GOx activity are fully suitable for cytotoxicity generation in tumor cells. The HSA functionalization of the VLP-GOx nanoreactors could result in a prevailing strategy to improve selective cancer targeting. The GOx containing enzymatic nanoreactors seems to be an interesting alternative to improve the current cancer therapy. In vivo studies are on going to reinforce the effectiveness of this treatment strategy.

Abstract: The current study was aimed to isolate, identify and evaluate the potential endophytic bacterial strains inhabiting Solanum melongena L. for plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol against important soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. A total of 36 endophytic bacteria isolated from Solanum melongena L. (Eggplant) were characterized for qualitative PGP traits. Most promising strains SS_BS01, SS_BL08, SS_BL12 were identified using biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing as Serratia marcescens (SS_BS01), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SS_BL08) and Pseudomonas sp. (SS_BL12) respectively. In addition, quantitative assays and antagonistic activities proved Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SS_BL08 efficient at all respects with maximum 145.8 ± 4.5µg mL-1(after 192 h) phosphate solubilization, 25.0 ± 1.6µg (5mg mL-1 L-tryptophan) IAA production and more than 60 % inhibition against selected phytopathogens. Furthermore, germination percentage, vigour index and seedling growth (root and shoot length) were also significantly increased. Selected endophytic bacterial strains of eggplant demonstrated promising results and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SS_BL08, effective in promoting plant development and biocontrol, could be employed as bio-fertilizer and biocontrol agent for solanaceous crops in organic agriculture practice.

The flow duration curve (FDC) is the cumulative distribution function, which represents the relationship between the frequency and magnitude of streamflow，and the precipitation duration curves (PDC) follows the same principle. Nowadays, the correlation between the shape of PDC and FDC curves, their respective physical control factors, and their fitting conditions in unmeasured catchments across China have not been fully understood. In this paper, daily precipitation from 698 weather stations across China and streamflow from more than 200 hydrological stations in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin were chosen to analyze the relationship, similarity, regional pattern and response mechanism of fitting parameters between PDC and FDCs. Framework was proposed for modeling FDC, decomposing the Streamflow time series into fast flow and slow flow time series and attributing the shapes of PDC and FDCs to catchment meteorological and geographical characteristics and physical processes. Results indicate that the parameters of PDC and certain FDCs (TFDC, FFDC, SFDC) share similar spatial patterns but the value of parameters and shape of curves varies for the different duration and interactions of the processes. The climate and catchment characteristics such as extreme properties of precipitation, base flow index ( BFI), Pmax*αp and concentration ratio index based on monthly precipitation ( CIM) will influence the shape of normalized PDC and FDCs, which provides a way to predict unmeasured catchments for PDC and FDCs, diagnose catchment rainfall-runoff responses, including similarity and differences between catchments, and can be applied to more future research about processes based on physical controls.

Gout results from a metabolic disorder characterized by increased uric acid (UA) levels or hyperuricemia (HUA). UA is a metabolic waste product generated throughout the body and collected in the blood. UA metabolism predominantly occurs in the liver, kidney, and intestine, with the liver being the most significant as it converts purines into UA. About ~70% of UA is excreted via the kidney, while ~30% is via the intestine. UA excretion from the kidney has been extensively studied, while that from the intestine has been overlooked. As the intestine is responsible for one-third of UA excretion, researchers investigated whether or not the microbes residing in the gut, known as the human gut microbiota (GM), are involved in UA excretion. GM is now evidently responsible for UA excretion and lowering effects. As our understanding of the effects of gut microbiomes on health grows, GM has emerged as a new promising target for HUA interventions. Moreover, gut dysbiosis is also associated with gout. Furthermore, some prebiotics (polysaccharides, and polyphenols) and probiotics (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli) have UA-lowering effects, which provides a new promising dimension for gout therapeutic intervention research. GM interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phenols, polysaccharides, washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) reduced HUA by either increasing excretion or lowering UA levels. In this review, we explore the possible involvement of GM in UA metabolism and excretion and possible involvement in gout pathophysiology.

Healthy marine ecosystems provide critical benefits to people worldwide, but increasing threats from climate change and human activities disrupt ecosystem functionality and put these benefits at risk. Local and regional assessments have shown these impacts can be substantial, but we lack a global assessment of risk to marine biodiversity. Here we assessed risk of impact by intersecting spatial distributions of 21,267 marine animal species with distributions of 13 anthropogenic stressors according to each species’ vulnerability, examining results through multiple lenses that connect to different conservation objectives: species, taxon, and functional vulnerability. Using this species-focused approach, we found that vulnerable functional entities in coastal ecosystems across all marine ecological provinces are at greater risk of impact than indicated by assessments of broader ecosystem-level impact risk based on vulnerability of representative habitats, driven largely by climate stressors. Where multiple lenses of impact assessment indicate elevated risk, broad area-based protections may be warranted, but where impacts are focused on vulnerable functional entities there may be opportunities for more narrowly targeted conservation strategies such as local habitat restoration, assisted migration, or fishing gear restrictions. These results provide key insights at local to global scales on where and how to best meet conservation of species diversity and ecosystem function.

Complex ecosystems exhibit more nonlinearity and stochasticity than the simple ones, rendering timely and accurate detection regime shifts in complex dynamic ecosystems a challenge. To resolve this dilemma, one of the most critical steps is to determine and quantify the equilibrium states reached by complex ecosystems under a given disturbance. This study utilizes the energy-transfer-network equilibrium model based on Nash-equilibrium theory and the maximum power principle to quantify and predict the equilibrium state of a complex ecosystem with multiple trophic levels. The model successfully simulated ecosystem energy transfer under equilibrium and quantified ecosystem state. The application of the model to monitor the aboveground biomass of a long-term dataset of un-grazed steppe achieved the description and prediction of the regime shift. This approach can possibly be used not only to find the equilibrium state for complex and simple ecosystems but also to remove the limitations of current methods to determine the attraction domain or stable points through statistical or difference equations in regime shift studies.

Advances in sequencing technologies and declining costs are increasing the accessibility of large-scale biodiversity genomic datasets. To maximise the impact of these data, a careful, considered approach to data management is essential. However, challenges associated with the management of such datasets remain, exacerbated by uncertainty among the research community as to what constitutes best practices. As an interdisciplinary team with diverse data management experience, we recognise the growing need for guidance on comprehensive data management practices that minimise the risks of data loss, maximise efficiency for stand-alone projects, enhance opportunities for data reuse, facilitate Indigenous data sovereignty and uphold the FAIR and CARE Guiding Principles. Here, we describe four fictional personas reflecting user experiences with data management to identify data management challenges across the biodiversity genomics research ecosystem. We then use these personas to demonstrate realistic considerations, compromises, and actions for biodiversity genomic data management. We also launch the Biodiversity Genomics Data Management Hub (https://genomicsaotearoa.github.io/data-management-resources/), containing tips, tricks and resources to support biodiversity genomics researchers, especially those new to data management, in their journey towards best practice. The Hub also provides an opportunity for those biodiversity researchers whose expertise lies beyond genomics and are keen to advance their data management journey. We aim to support the biodiversity genomics community in embedding data management throughout the research lifecycle to maximise research impact and outcomes.

Introduction: A key reason for the failure of anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment is missed doses (instances where medication is not taken). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one cause of missed doses, but the global evidence for this, their relative contribution to missed doses versus other causes, the patterns of missed doses due to ADRs, and the specific ADRs associated with missed doses have not been appraised. We sought to address these questions through a scoping review. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched on 3 November 2021 using terms around active TB, missed doses and treatment challenges. Studies reporting both ADR and missed dose data were examined. (PROSPERO: CRD42022295209). Results: Searches identified 108 eligible studies. 88/108 (81%) studies associated ADRs with an increase in missed doses. 33/61 (54%) studies documenting the reasons for missed doses gave ADRs as a primary reason. No studies examined patterns of missed doses due to ADRs. 41/108 (38%) studies examined associations between 68 types of ADR (across 15 organ systems) and missed doses. Nuance around ADR-missed doses relations regarding drug susceptibility testing profile and missed dose originator was found. Conclusions: There is extensive evidence that ADRs are a key driver for missed doses of anti-TB treatment. Some papers examined specific ADRs, none evaluated the patterns of missed doses due to ADRs, demonstrating a knowledge deficit. Knowing why doses both are and are not missed due to ADRs is essential in providing targeted interventions to improve treatment outcomes.

The interactions between different species in an ecosystem, such as predation and herbivory, are crucial for maintaining the ecosystem’s functioning, including pest control and nutrient cycling. Unfortunately, human activities are increasingly affecting these trophic relationships, contributing to the current decline in biodiversity, particularly due to urbanization and climate change. The intensity of trophic interactions is also affected by latitudinal gradients, which may be further impacted by urbanization, such as the urban island heat effect. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the impact of human pressure on trophic interactions varies across different latitudes. To test this hypothesis, we selected 18 study sites at two latitudes (i.e., ~53°N and ~50°N) with varying human population density. We used artificial caterpillars placed on European beech branches to assess bird predation and took standardized pictures of the leaves to estimate insect herbivory. Remote sensing techniques were used to estimate human pressure. We found that the intensity of both bird predation and insect herbivory varied in response to human pressure, with opposite trends observed depending on the latitude. At the upper latitude, bird predation increased with human impact, while the opposite was observed at the lower latitude. All types of herbivory in both latitudes increased with urbanization. Moreover, at lower latitudes, species may face a disadvantage due to the urban heat island effect, as they tend to be relatively sensitive to temperature changes. Conversely, at higher latitudes, some species may benefit from a softer winter. Overall, this study highlights the complex and dynamic nature of trophic relationships in the face of human-driven changes to ecosystems. It also emphasizes the importance of considering both human pressure and latitudinal gradients when assessing the ecological consequences of future climate change scenarios, particularly in urban environments.

In order to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of tea polyphenols (TPS) and theaflavins against oral cariogenic bacteria. The pH value of the culture medium, the number of bacteria adhering to the smooth glass tube wall, and the electrical conductivity value within 10 hours were measured, respectively. The effects of four concentrations of tea polyphenols and theaflavins below the MIC value were studied on acid production, adhesion, and electrical conductivity of oral cariogenic bacteria. The live/dead staining method was used to observe the effects of four concentrations of TP and theaflavins below MIC value on the biofilm activity of oral cariogenic bacteria under a laser scanning confocal microscope.With the increasing concentrations of tea polyphenols and theaflavins, the acid production and adhesion of the cariogenic bacteria gradually decreased, and the conductivity gradually increased. However, the conductivity increase was not significant (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the 1/2MIC and 1/4MIC TP and theaflavins treatments significantly reduced the biomass of cariogenic biofilm (P<0.05). CLSM showed that the integrated optical density of green fluorescence of the cariogenic biofilm gradually decreased with the increase of drug concentration after the action of tea polyphenols and theaflavins.

INTRODUCTION: Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and the influence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection require elucidation. METHODS: Stop the Spread Ottawa is a prospective cohort of individuals at-risk for or who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, initially enrolled for 10 months beginning October 2020. This analysis focuses on safety and immunogenicity of the initial two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS: Post-vaccination data with blood specimens were available for 930 participants. 22.8% were SARS-CoV2 infected prior to first vaccine dose. Cohort characteristics include: median age 44 (22, 56), 66.6% female, 89.0% white, 83.2% employed. 38.1% reported two or more comorbidities and 30.8% reported immune compromising condition(s). Over 95% possessed IgG spike and RBD titres 3 months post second vaccine dose. By multivariable analysis, increasing age and high-level immune compromise predicted diminishing IgG spike and RBD titres at month 3 post second dose. IgG spike and RBD titres were higher immediately post vaccination in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to first vaccination and spike titres were higher at 6 months in those with wider time intervals between dose 1 and 2. IgG spike and RBD titres and neutralization were generally similar by sex, weight and whether receiving homogeneous or heterogeneous combinations of vaccines. Common post dose 1 vaccine symptoms included fatigue (64.7%), injection site pain (47.5%), headache (27.2%), fever/chills (26.2%), body aches (25.3%). These symptoms are similar with subsequent doses. CONCLUSION: The initial two COVID-19 vaccine doses are safe, well-tolerated and highly immunogenic across a broad spectrum of vaccine recipients.

Introduction: This study investigated the influence of clinical and psychosocial factors on medical students’ quality of life (QOL). Methods: A total of 408 medical students participated in this study. We collected data on participants’ sociodemographic details, symptoms of depression and Internet addiction, self-esteem, social support, and QOL. QOL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Abbreviated form (WHOQOL-BREF), which has four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment). A stepwise multiple linear regression model was constructed to identify factors’ independent impact on QOL. Results: Higher levels of depression and Internet addiction were associated with lower scores in all domains of QOL, whereas higher levels of self-esteem and social support were associated with higher scores. Being in third year versus first-year was associated with higher scores in the physical health and environment domains. Living alone or in dormitories, low or middle socioeconomic status, and insufficient or moderate pocket money were associated with lower scores in the environment domain. Additionally, female students displayed significantly lower scores for physical health, psychological health, and environment than male students, but not for social relationships. There were significant differences in certain domains of QOL due to sociodemographic factors. Discussion: This study demonstrates the clinical and psychosocial factors influencing medical students’ QOL. Educational strategies focusing on strengthening self-esteem and social support as well as preventing depression and Internet addiction may contribute to improving medical students’ QOL.

Riverbank erosion is the burning issue of riverine dwellers as well as in our society. Due to this erosion people are suffered in many problems such as land loss, property loss and monetary loss. In many cases, people are forced to leave their houses. Part of Nadia District along Bhagirathi-Hoogly River is selected as a study area. The study area comprises two blocks Ranaghat I and Chakdah. Among all households hundred households are selected as samples. Primary data collected from riverine dwellers is analysed in view to study the socio- economic problems of riverine dwellers. Maximum peoples are suffered due to land loss problem in the study area. So, we should have many steps to reduced the rate of erosion. Govt. should take many measures to protect the people of riverside also.