Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a sustainable and economical technology for fresh water generation. Structural design of photothermal material is an effective strategy to improve the evaporation performance but usually bothered by complicated processes and non-adjustability. Herein, magnetic nanoparticles assembled photothermal evaporator was developed, which showed an adjustable spinal array surface under uniform magnetic field induction. By regulating position in the magnetic field, the desirable surface structures could be uniform at relatively low load density of magnetic nanoparticles to improve light absorption via multiple reflection. Magnetic field induced evaporator could accelerate evaporation to over 1.39 kg m-3 h-1 under 1-sun illumination, which was 2.8 times that of natural evaporation. After coated by carbon layer, magnetic nanoparticles could overcome the oxidation to realize stable evaporation in long-term desalination. The facile strategy to optimize the surface structure via magnetic field is appropriate for various fields with special requirements on surface structure.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is strongly associated with a type 2 response, characterized by the cytokines IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13. Several studies have implicated ILC2 and TH2A (CD161+ TH2) but it is not yet entirely clear which subsets are driving the common allergic reactions underlying AR. The objective of this study aims to identify critical pathogenic cell populations associated with AR and to determine their phenotype and functional contribution to disease progression. Methods: We identified integral allergic-specific cell types by transcriptomic sequencing. Whole blood, PBMCs and plasma from a cross-sectional cohort of 216 individuals were analysed by 9-colour flow cytometry and ultra-sensitive cytokine bead arrays using unsupervised clustering algorithms. Clinically active AR cases were further analysed by functional mass cytometry to define phenotype and cytokine secretion (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL13, IL-17A and IL-22) as well as the expression of the hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthetase (HPGDS). Results: The unbiased analysis revealed that atopy and AR manifestation corelated only with eosinophils, plasma IL-5 and CD161+ TH2 cells. In-depth characterization further revealed that the CD45RB lo CD161+ TH2 subset were most closely associated with severity. This subset is able to concomitantly secrete multiple cytokines including IL-5, IL-13 and IL-4 and has been previously reported to be associated with other eosinophilic allergies. Conclusion: CD45RB lo CD161+ TH2 have key roles in driving the allergic response in AR. Neutralizing the CD45RB lo CD161+ TH2 subset should disrupt the allergic response pathway, thus providing a target for lasting therapeutic interventions.

Objective To determine the optimal timing of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy by investigating the transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection. Design Prospective cohort study Setting Samples were collected between June 6, 2022 and September 20, 2022 in Taiwan. Sample Seventy-five maternal-cord pairs, including 38 pairs with a primary maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection by the Omicron variant (BA.2.3.7) and 37 pairs without maternal infection. Methods SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the nucleocapsid (anti-N), receptor-binding domain of the spike protein (anti-S), and the neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against different SARS-CoV-2 variants were measured for the maternal-cord pairs. The participants were categorized based on the timing of their last vaccination, including during the third (T3) and second trimesters (T2) and before/during the first trimester (T1). Comparison of anti-spike protein antibody and neutralizing antibody concentrations was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test. Main Outcome Measures Anti-S concentrations of maternal and cord serum among T1, T2, and T3 groups. Results Among participants without SARS-CoV-2 infection, the highest anti-S levels ( p value for anti-S levels in maternal and cord plasma were <0.001 and <0.001, respectively) and highest nAb potency against both the Wuhan and Omicron strains ( p value for nAb against Omicron strain were both <0.001 for maternal and cord plasma) were observed in maternal and cord plasma in the T3 group. Conclusions A booster vaccine dose during the third trimester can provide maximum transplacental protection against the Wuhan wild-type strain and Omicron variant. Pregnant women are encouraged to receive vaccinations during pregnancy, ideally in the third trimester, for the highest level of neonatal protection.

Background: Obesity increases risk of pre-eclampsia, but the association with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome is understudied. Objective: To examine the association between pre-pregnancy body-mass-index (BMI) and HELLP syndrome, including early- vs. late-onset disease. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study, population-based data. Setting: British Columbia (BC), Canada, 2008/09-2019/20. Population: All pregnancies resulting in live births or stillbirths at ≥20 weeks’ gestation. Methods: BMI categories (kg/m 2) included: underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), and obese (≥30.0). Rates of early- and late-onset HELLP syndrome (<34 vs. ≥34 weeks, respectively) were calculated per 1000 ongoing pregnancies at 20- and 34-weeks’ gestation, respectively. Cox regression was used to assess the associations between risk factors (BMI and, e.g., maternal age, parity) and early- vs late-onset HELLP syndrome. Main outcome measures: HELLP syndrome. Results: The rates of HELLP syndrome per 1000 women were 2.8 overall (1,116 per 391,941 women), and 1.9, 2.5, 3.2 and 4.0 in underweight, normal BMI, overweight and obese categories, respectively. Overall, gestational age-specific rates increased with pre-pregnancy BMI. Adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] was 2.24 for early-onset (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65-3.04) vs. AHR 1.48 (95% CI 1.23-1.80) for late-onset HELLP syndrome (p-value for interaction 0.025). Chronic hypertension, multiple gestation, hemorrhage (<20 weeks’ gestation and antepartum) also showed differing AHRs between early- vs. late-onset HELLP. Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy BMI is positively associated with HELLP syndrome and the association is stronger with early-onset HELLP syndrome. Associations with early- and late-onset HELLP syndrome differed for some risk factors, suggesting possible differences in etiologic mechanisms.

Background and Purpose: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been shown to be strongly associated with rapid antidepressant effects. GW043 is a compound with a novel structure that we designed and synthesized to act on the NMDA receptor (NMDAR). In this study, we first confirmed the target of GW043 using a receptor binding assay. Experimental Approach: We observed the effect of GW043 on NMDAR currents in vivo and in vitro assays using a membrane clamp technique with a view to characterizing the function of GW043. We investigated the antidepressant effect of GW043 in rodent behavioral models such as FST, TST and CUMS. Furthermore, we explored the mechanism of GW043 onset using western blot, BrdU staining, Golgi staining and electrophysiological techniques. Key Results: GW043 interacts with high affinity (IC50=0.143 nM) only at the NMDAR. Electrophysiological studies have indicated that GW043 is a partial agonist of NMDAR. Meanwhile, behavioral experiments were conducted to confirm the antidepressant effect of GW043 in rodents. The mechanism study found that GW043 regulate synaptic plasticity through LTP and BDNF-mTOR pathways and increase the number of newborn neurons to cause antidepressant effects. Conclusion and Implications: GW043, a partial agonist of NMDAR, reversed depression-like behavior in rats by modulating synaptic plasticity, suggesting an antidepressant effect.

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced lung inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in lungs of BALB/c mice. Methods BALB/c mice were pretreated with the PAR2 antagonist ENMD1068, PAF receptor (PAFR) antagonist WEB2086, or aprotinin, a reversible inhibitor of serine proteases, prior to intranasal instillation of carbamyl-PAF (C-PAF) or the PAR2 agonist peptide SLIGRL-NH2 (PAR2-AP). Leukocyte infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXCL2 chemokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and N-acetyl-glycosaminidase (NAG) levels in BALF, or lung inflammation were evaluated. Intracellular calcium signaling, PAFR/PAR2 physical interaction, and the expression of PAR2 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-КB, p65) transcription factor were investigated in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with C-PAF in the presence or absence of ENMD1068. Results C-PAF- or PAR2-AP-induced neutrophil recruitment into lungs was inhibited in mice pretreated with ENMD1068 and aprotinin or WEB2086, respectively. PAR2 blockade impaired C-PAF-induced neutrophil rolling and adhesion, lung inflammation, and production of MPO, NAG, CXCL1, and CXCL2 production in lungs of mice. PAFR activation reduced PAR2 expression and physical interaction of PAR2 and PAFR; co-activation is required for PAFR/PAR2 physical interaction. PAR2 blockade impaired C-PAF-induced calcium signal and NF-κB p65 translocation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence for a cooperation between PAFR and PAR2 mediating neutrophil recruitment, lung inflammation, and macrophage activation.

Objectives: Our study aims to evaluate the umbilical vein hemodynamic change in the prenatal cohort of pregnancies diagnosed with abnormal placental cord insertion(aPCI). Methods: From January 2022 to December 2022, the fetal umbilical cord insertion site was sonographically examined in singleton fetuses, and umbilical cord blood flow was calculated. Evaluation of the standard placental view and views of the umbilical cord insertion site on the placental surface by the grayscale image with appropriate image magnification. The exact umbilical cord insertion site was determined with two perpendicular planes centered on the umbilical cord insertion site. All grayscale images were followed by color Doppler flow mapping. The length of the space between the umbilical cord insertion site and the placental margin was less than or equal to 2 cm and was defined as abnormal placental cord insertion(aPCI). According to ISUOG and AIUM practice guidelines, standard fetal biometry, umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index (UAPI), umbilical artery resistance index (UARI), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV), and time-averaged intensity weighted mean velocity (TAV) of the umbilical vein (UV), and placental site of umbilical insertion was assessed, including two-dimensional grayscale imaging, color, and Doppler color flow mapping. Main outcome measures: Significantly lower UVBF in the VCI group, and increased relative risk of SGA, LBW, and PTB in aPCI group. Results: Among 570 singleton fetuses between 18 +0 and 40 +6 weeks of gestation in the final study. The results were divided into three subgroups according to the sonographic assessment of the umbilical cord insertion site: 86.0% normal umbilical cord insertions (group A), 11.6% marginal umbilical cord insertions(MCI) (group B), and 2.5% velamentous umbilical cord insertions (VCI) (group C). The umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF) in the 3 groups was 145.39 ml/min, 146.18 ml/min, and 93.96 ml/min, respectively. UVBF was significantly lower in group C than in group A and group B (p< .05). The pregnancy resulted in the birth weight and delivered at gestational age compared with the normal cord insertions group, with lower birth weight (2820± 527gm vs 3144± 577gm, p < .05), and delivered at an earlier gestational age (38.0 ± 1.55 weeks vs. 38.8 ± 2.34 weeks, p < .05) was found in the VCI group. Conclusions: The strength of our study is that we focused solely on the hemodynamic changes in umbilical vein blood flow during isolated aPCI. Previous literature has reported only prenatal outcomes of aPCI for poor prognosis; however, we observed lower umbilical vein blood flow volume with aPCI. Hence, we propose UVBF analysis to evaluate fetal the aPCI according to umbilical vein hemodynamics as an advisory in prenatal care. This would be useful and would improve the clinical explanation of obstetricians about the potential prenatal consequences so that parents can opt for future prenatal care during pregnancy.

Background and Purpose: Chinese materia medica is an important part in China’s medical system, and the authority has issued a series of regulations and guiding principles to improve the quality of research and development (R&D) of new Chinese drugs. Approach: Investigational new drug (IND) and new drug application (NDA) applications of new Chinese medicines and approval condition were analyzed in 4 categories including number of applications, review conclusions, registration classification and therapeutic area from 2007 to 2022. Key Results：The overall number of IND and NDA acceptance and approval of Chinese materia medica is far less than that of chemical drugs and biological preparations. The 6th classification of traditional Chinese medicine was the most in the INDs and NDAs accepted by drug evaluation authority, with a total number of 889 cases, accounting for 76.6% of all the accepted cases, indicating that the difficulties and risks of R&D of this type were relatively low. Conclusions & Implications: China is still left behind in the aspect of drug R&D by developed countries. The problems about relevant regulations, trial quality, selection of efficacy and safety evaluation indicators and review evidence system should be paid great attention to in the future research on Chinese materia medica.

Background: The German Therapy Allergen Ordinance (TAO) triggered an ongoing upheaval in the market for house dust mite (HDM) allergen immunotherapy (AIT) products. Three HDM subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) products hold approval in Germany and therefore will be available after the scheduled completion of the TAO procedure in 2026. In general, data from clinical trials on the long-term effectiveness of HDM AIT are rare. We evaluated real-world data (RWD) in a retrospective, observational cohort study based on a longitudinal claims database including 60% of all German statutory healthcare prescriptions to show the long-term effectiveness of one of these products in daily life. Methods: Subjects between 5 to 70 years receiving their first (index) prescription of SCIT with a native HDM product (SCIT group) between 2009 and 2013 were included. The exactly 3:1 matched control group received prescriptions for only symptomatic AR medication (non-AIT group); the evaluation period for up to 6 years of follow-up ended in February 2017. Study endpoints were the progression of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, asthma occurrence and time to the onset of asthma after at least 2 treatment years. Results: 892 subjects (608 adults, 284 children/adolescents) were included in the SCIT group and 2676 subjects (1824 adults, 852 children/adolescents) in the non-AIT group. During the follow-up period after at least two years of SCIT, the number of prescriptions in the SCIT group was reduced by 62.8% (p<0.0001) for AR medication and by 42.4% for asthma medication (p=0.0003). New‐onset asthma risk was significantly reduced in the SCIT vs non‐AIT group by 27.0% (p=0.0212). The asthma preventive effect of SCIT occurred 15 months after start of the treatment. In the SCIT group, the time to onset of asthma was reduced compared to the non-AIT group (p=0.0010). Conclusion: In this RWD analysis patients aged between 5 to 70 years benefited from SCIT with a native HDM product in terms of the reduced progression of AR and asthma after at least 2 years of treatment in the long term. The effects lasted for up to six years after treatment termination. A significantly reduced risk of asthma onset was observed, starting after 15 months of treatment.

A document by Mark Skehan. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting 6-10% of women of reproductive age, with endometriosis-related pain and infertility being the leading symptoms. Currently, the gold standard treatment approach to surgery is conventional laparoscopy (CL); however, the increasing availability of robot-assisted surgery is projected as a competitor of CL. This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopy (RAL) and CL in endometriosis surgery. Objectives: We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of these two procedures. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in three medical databases. Studies investigating different perioperative outcomes of endometriosis-related surgeries were included. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Our search yielded 2,014 records, of which 13 were eligible for data extraction. No significant differences were detected between the CL and RAL groups in terms of intraoperative complications (OR=1.07, CI:0.43-2.63), postoperative complications (OR=1.3, CI:0.73-2.32), number of conversions to open surgery (OR=1.34, CI:0.76-2.37), length of hospital stays (MD=0.12, CI:0.33-0.57), blood loss (MD=16.73, CI:4.18-37.63) or number of rehospitalizations (OR= 0.95, CI:0.13-6.75). In terms of operative times (MD=28.09 minutes, CI:11.59-44.59) and operating room times (MD=51.39 minutes, CI:15.07-87.72;), the RAL technique remained inferior. Conclusions: RAL does not have statistically demonstrable advantages over CL in terms of perioperative outcomes for endometriosis-related surgery.

Sequential proteomic profiling of patients with Stevens Johnson-Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal NecrolysisEmmanuel Contassot (PhD) 1, 2, Brüggen Marie-Charlotte (MD, PhD) 3, 4, 51 Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland2 Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland3 Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland4 Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland5 Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Study the variation characteristics of soil phosphorus (P) forms are crucial for measuring soil quality and P absorption. However, studies on the effects of rice–duck co-culture system on soil P forms in flooded and dryer period as well as on the relationships among P forms, P absorption and environmental factors remain insufficient. A rice field experiment with consistent P inputs in each fertilizer treatment: no fertilizer (RD and RM), chemical fertilizer (RDF and RMF), organic fertilizer (RDO and RMO), and a mixture of 70% chemical and 30% organic fertilizers (RDFO and RMFO) were conducted to study it. The results showed that RDO and RDFO had higher readily available inorganic P pool (Resin P + NaHCO 3-P i), extractable organic P fractions (NaHCO 3-P o + NaOH-P o), and Fe-P and Al-P (NaOH-P i) than the corresponding rice monoculture. RDF decreased the extractable organic P fractions (NaHCO 3-P o + NaOH-P o) and Fe-P and Al-P (NaOH-P i) compared with RMF; RDO increased the accumulation of Residual-P while RDF and RDFO decreased the accumulation of Residual-P compared with RMO, RMF, and RMFO. pH was the dominant factor affecting P forms of soil. RDF and RDFO had higher P content of grain and straw that mainly affected by soil NaHCO 3-P i and NaOH-P i than other treatments. Simultaneously, rice–duck co-culture system can increase phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), especially RDF significantly increased by 171.63% and 22.63% than RDO and RDFO, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggested that rice–duck co-culture can promote rice grain and straw to absorb soil P by changing the soil pH to stimulate soil surplus P into active P. RDFO was the most recommended agricultural production model for comprehensive production.

One-dimensional semiconductor-metal heterostructures manifest improved charge separation capability, tunable band gap and increased surface area, and have been regarded as promising photocatalysts for solar-to-fuel conversion through water splitting. We herein review the synthetic strategies for the rational design and preparation of one-dimensional semiconductor-metal heterostructures with precise control in terms of size, shape, composition and function. Approaches that are capable of improving the photocatalytic performance of one-dimensional semiconductor-metal heterostructures have been proposed and analyzed The present work is expected to give the rational design of one-dimensional semiconductor-metal heterostructures and provide insights into accomplishing highly efficient photocatalysis based on such materials

The thermal regime of hydroelectric reservoirs differs from that of lakes, as it is influenced not only by natural inflows and outflows of energy, but also by management rules through regulated downstream constraints and more importantly the electric demand through turbine flows. These advection terms are rarely assessed for hydroelectric reservoirs particularly in eastern North America, a region where they are abundant. This study contributes, using a series of unique observations, to the assessment of the water and energy balances of the 85-km 2 Romaine-2 northern reservoir (50.69°N; 63.24°W) with an average depth of 44 m. Two thermistor chains were deployed to monitor the dynamics of the vertical temperature profiles from 2018 to 2022. The surface energy balance components were measured using two eddy-covariance stations. Summer stratification occurs from June to November, and winter stratification from December to May. The maximum water temperature gradient of the metalimnion was 1°C m –1 in mid-September, and the maximum depth of the thermocline was 35 m in late October, before the autumn mixing period. We found that the water balance of the reservoir was mainly controlled by turbine operations, with a hydraulic residence time of 5.4 months. Net radiation was found to be the main source of energy to the reservoir (95.6% of the energy input), and the net advection of heat was weak (4.4%) in a steady state reservoir. Latent (58.5%) and sensible (16.5%) heat fluxes dominated the outflow energy balance. In short, this study highlights that the heat advection term represents a small fraction of the annual energy budget for the subarctic reservoir under study, despite being the dominant term in its water budget.

Abstract Aims Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKIs), including first-generation ibrutinib, second-generation acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib may have certain mechanisms of action (MOAs) related to adverse effects (AEs) on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to evaluate the cardiac AEs of BTKIs reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and to compare the differences in cardiovascular toxicity of ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib. Methods Only primary suspect drugs from the FAERS database were extracted from January 2013 to December 2022 across all indications of FDA-approved BTKIs. Disproportionality was measured by reporting odds ratios (RORs) and information components (ICs). An additional disproportionality analysis was also performed from January 2020 to December 2022. Results A total of 10,353 cases involving ibrutinib, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib were included. Ibrutinib was significantly associated with the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction and other thrombotic events. Acalabrutinib was associated with new signals, including cardiac failure, ventricular extrasystoles, pulmonary edema and angina pectoris, and hypertension and myocardial infarction were found in additional analyses. Furthermore, acalabrutinib was characterized by a much earlier onset of cardiovascular events. Only atrial fibrillation was associated with zanubrutinib use. Acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib had lower ROR values for cardiac AEs, and fewer signals for these two drugs compared with ibrutinib. Conclusion This study indicated that new AEs were not clearly noted on the label for acalabrutinib. It is suggested that the cardiovascular risks of BTKIs remain a concern and worth attention as next-generation BTKIs are discovered and developed.

AIMS 6 mercaptopurine (6MP) is the mainstay chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and is conventionally available as 50 mg tablets. This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of a new 6MP Powder for Oral Suspension (PFOS) intended for paediatric use. Additionally, a virtual study with the obtained data was planned for determining a dose of the PFOS that matches tablet exposures and to confirm optimal drug levels in pediatrics. METHODS An open-label, randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single oral dose, crossover, bioequivalence study was conducted on 51 healthy subjects. A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was developed using the data to perform simulations with various PFOS doses and select a bioequivalent dose. To simulate 6MP and 6 thioguanine (6TGN) exposures in pediatrics, a literature model for paediatric ALL patients, and allometrically scaled PK parameters were utilised. RESULTS The 6MP PFOS had 47% higher bioavailability compared to the reference product. Simulations using a two-compartmental PopPK model with dissolution and transit compartments showed that 40 mg of PFOS was found to be equivalent to the 50mg tablets. The simulated 6TGN concentrations in virtual paediatric patients were between 114 and 703.6 pmol/8x108 RBCs, which was within the range of values reported in paediatric ALL studies. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that 40 mg dose of 6MP PFOS 10 mg/mL has the same extent of absorption as the 50 mg tablet which can be precisely administered in pediatrics. The study also demonstrates the role of modelling and simulation to perform virtual bioequivalence and paediatric studies.

Cardiac lipomas are rare primary benign tumors of the heart. They make up only 8.4% of primary heart tumors. (1) The etiology of these tumors is not certain, but some publications have hypothesized that cardiac lipomas are affected by HMGA2-LPP gene fusion. (2) Cardiac lipomas are mostly asymptomatic and are detected incidentally in routine cardiac screening tests. When cases are symptomatic, symptoms vary depending on the location and size of the mass. For example, signs of stenosis and arrhythmias occur when the tumor is in the superior vena cava. The most common locations are the right atrium and left ventricle. In addition to these locations, they can be seen in any intracardiac and epicardial locations. Echocardiography and cardiac MRI can be used as diagnostic methods. We report a very rare case of cardiac lipoma, which narrows the right atrial inflow and extends to the superior vena cava.

Complex – Compound Odontoma: A Case Report

In order to solve the difficulties in recognizing and assisting those who are living in poverty, this research study explores the problem of poverty and suggests the creation of a web application. Despite the efforts of governments, non- governmental organizations, and humanitarian groups, poverty still affects millions of people globally and is a widespread issue. Therefore, it is essential to look into fresh approaches to solving this problem and to use technology to make life easier for NGOs and other organizations whose mission it is to reduce poverty. The suggested online application intends to link individuals in need with possible sponsors and contributors, deliver fun- damental healthcare and education to kids from disadvantaged homes, and make project registration for NGOs and other groups easier. Additionally, it aims to help farmers and self- employed people promote their goods in order to improve their standard of living. The presentation emphasizes the significance of combating poverty and the possible advantages of using tech- nology to improve the lives of the less fortunate. The study also examines contemporary technical advancements and poverty- fighting measures. The use of new technology can significantly increase the efficacy and efficiency of efforts to reduce poverty. The document underlines the necessity of an all-encompassing strategy for ending poverty and promotes cooperation across stakeholders including governments, NGOs, and the corporate sector. To make a long-lasting difference in the complicated problem of poverty, all parties must work together. The suggested online application can be crucial in solving some of the difficulties in identifying and assisting those in poverty. In order to reach the shared objective of ending poverty, the research advises greater investigation of technology-driven solutions for the problem as well as the encouragement of collaborations across stakeholders.

The challenge of population aging is currently a pressing global issue, with the health status of elderly individuals playing a critical role in determining whether governments can meet the challenges of this demographic shift. This study analyzes the relationship between childhood rural life experiences and health status in old age in the context of China's underdeveloped rural areas and lagging public services. Specifically, it examines whether childhood educational resources and socioeconomic status play a mediating role in this relationship. Employing data from 2823 elderly individuals in CGSS2021, this paper uses OLS regression to analyze the effect of growing up in a rural area during childhood on health in old age. Additionally, Bootstrap methodology was used to analyze the sequential mediation of childhood educational resources and socioeconomic status. The findings revealed a negative association between growing up in a rural area during childhood and health status in old age, with childhood educational resources and socioeconomic status sequentially mediating this relationship. This study emphasizes the importance of analyzing the impact of growing up in a rural area during childhood on the health of elderly individuals and designing targeted interventions to improve their health and quality of life.

INTRODUCTION: Despite legal efforts to reduce societal barriers, people with disabilities still face anti-disability bias, stereotyping, and stigma. According to the social movement hypothesis, people’s participation in and identification with activist movements may reduce bias towards social outgroups. Alternatively, people’s intergroup attitudes and bias may influence their participation in activist activities. METHODS: This study used structural equation modeling to investigate whether reduced bias towards people with disabilities is associated with critical activism and/or personal, familial, or work experience with disability. Undergraduates (N = 497) completed an online survey including measures of anti-disability bias, critical activist orientation, experience with disability, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The relation between having a critical activist orientation and lower anti-disability bias was bidirectional, suggesting reciprocal influences between individual-level attitudes and participation in social movements. Aligning with intergroup contact theory, personal and familial experience with disability correlated with reduced anti-disability bias, and familial and work experience with having a critical activist orientation. Male gender correlated with increased anti-disability bias, and male gender, White race, and higher social class with lower endorsements of a critical activist orientation. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that disability experience and social status influence critical activist identity, which predicts lower bias.

With the ease of access to social media platforms, the spread of fake news has become a growing concern in today’s society. Classifying fake news is an important task, as it can help prevent its negative impact on individuals and society. In this work, an end-to-end framework for fake news detection is developed by utilizing the power of adversarial training to make the model more robust. This framework is named “ANN: Adversarial News Net”. The performance of ANN is evaluated using four publicly available datasets, and it is found to outperform previous studies after adversarial training. Furthermore, emoticons have been extracted from the dataset to understand their meanings in relation to fake news. This information is then fed into the model, which helped to improve its performance in classifying fake news. The proposed framework has the potential to be used as a tool for detecting fake news in real-time, thereby mitigating its harmful effects on society.

There are numerous obstacles in the construction industry today, including those related to technical and financial issues as well as those that have an influence on human health and the environment. It takes professionals from several disciplines to solve these challenges since they are not simple. Expert systems provide sophisticated and intriguing answers for the issues. There is a lot of enthusiasm about knowledge-based expert systems (KBES) in the engineering world. Numerous uses for civil engineering have been noted. This paper reviews expert systems applications in engineering transportation. The Expert System (ES) offers advantages over human experts such as accessibility, consistency, time constraints, stability, and efficiency. The Purpose of this paper is to explain information and methods about creating new Expert system for maintenance and rehabilitation of all types pavement (ExFMRP). In this Ex we used C# C sharp (Visual studio) programming for Created Expert system. This Ex include the description, causes, testing, prevention, degree of severity, measurement, treatment and repair And Video for all types of pavement (rigid pavement, flexible pavement, composite, continues reinforced concrete pavement block or brick pavement and subbase and subgrade supports. This study highlighted that expert system is very useful approach for rehabilitation, repair and maintenance of all types of pavements, this expert system was created to aid all civil engineers in the description evaluation causing, measurement degree of severity, testing and repair and maintenance of all types of pavements