The Effects of Physical Parameters of Buildings on Energy Consumption Fatemeh Bateni**Department of Architecture and Urbanism Engineering, Qazvin Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, IranEmail: fatemeh.bateni87@gmail.comAbstractNowadays, over 40% of energy consumption in the world occurs in the building sector. Given such a significant impact, designing buildings with long-term energy efficiency is of substantial importance. The purpose of the present study is to assess the thermal performance of a vast spectrum of parameters, including building orientation, window-to-wall ratio, transparency, and geographical direction in a cold and temperate climate. To this end, a case study is conducted on eight samples of prevalent building plans in Ilam city, located in the west of Iran. The results of the data analysis were written as mathematical functions, and ultimately, the proposed pattern function related to the four selected criteria of the optimal pattern was presented by comparing the functions of thermal comfort and natural lighting. In conclusion, square-shaped plans are the most optimal, and higher length-to-width ratios lead to higher energy consumption.Keywords : Physical Parameters; Residential Buildings; Energy Consumption; Square-shaped Plans; Building DesigningIntroductionIn every country, the building sector is responsible for more than one third of the total energy consumption (1). As a result, the amount and methods of energy consumption in buildings have always been a concern in construction projects. However, such a concern can be considerably mitigated by using modern technologies and adhering to the existing construction standards. In many countries, the shape and form of buildings are chosen based on climate conditions, which in turn affect how energy is consumed; in other words, the forms of buildings are selected through strategies that are suitable to the climate (1). Accordingly, the most important related indices include the type of materials, building orientation, thickness of walls, openings, and type of ceiling (2, 3). Attention has been paid to these indices, and today, architects also take them into account when reviewing the rules and changes to optimize energy consumption and lessen the consequences of unregulated consumption.The direct or indirect consumption of fossil fuels in buildings emits a large amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. Contemplating and recognizing the means to reduce CO2 production and consume energy in an optimal manner are instrumental to confronting the incorrect use of energy (4-6). This amount of emission amounts to nearly 40% of the entire CO2 (i.e., 842 million tonnes per year) (7), which entails 36% of the global energy consumption (8-10). Today, energy saving refers to the implementation of solutions specified under various regulatory frameworks (11, 12). Global guidelines on the energy performance of buildings require the adoption of tools for calculating energy consumption performance, applying the minimum performance standards during the design process, operating the construction, licensing the building, and ensuring control over heating and cooling systems (13-15). In fact, interior thermal comfort is considered the main driver of energy consumption in buildings (11, 16, 17), which can be of importance in two areas, including the type of consumed and the physical factors involved in energy consumption and suitable efficiency.Due to the inevitable degradation in their physical performance, many of the existing buildings are unlikely to be regarded as “green” buildings in terms of energy consumption. The physical performance of buildings should be specified in detail prior to any construction or system maintenance operations (18-20). There are numerous studies conducted on areas such as consumer behaviour, construction operation and system repair and maintenance, envelope function, lighting, hot water and heating systems, building materials, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning); these studies have offered a variety of models on energy reinforcement strategies and economic assessment of different types of existing structures in residential and non-residential buildings (21, 22).In Europe, the AR ranking, which assesses the physical performance of buildings, is used to enhance the energy performance of degraded buildings. This method provides reliable information regarding how energy is consumed or wasted in these types of buildings, with the ultimate purpose of reducing energy consumption and specifying the effect of each physical dimension on the amount of energy consumption. Nonetheless, collecting consistent data on the existing buildings is difficult, and the energy performance assessment of these buildings is commonly done using simplified data obtained from refined data and tables from different sources (23, 24). The same approach is adopted in this study.Numerous studies conducted in this area have examined optimal building designs; therefore, many more passive solutions have been proposed regarding energy reduction and efficiency in the building sector. Studies have shown that the energy performance of buildings depends on five factors, including weather, building design, urban geometry, system efficiency, and residents’ behaviour (25). According to evidence, the architectural design helps to reduce energy consumption (26, 27). In design and construction principles, inactive design strategies and bioclimatic designs are the main solutions to minimize energy demand (28). Studies have classified building designs into six parameters, which include the shape of the building, transparent surfaces, orientation of the building, thermal-physical features, building materials, and distances between buildings (29, 30).Clearly, energy source provision is one of the future concerns of mankind. The essential actions to mitigate these concerns may include controlling energy consumption, using clean energies, and employing modern knowledge for constructions with minimum energy consumption (31).In the present study, the design and construction of buildings in cold, temperate, and Mediterranean climates are highlighted. The empirical designing and constructing of buildings via different materials has, in many cases, offered substantially suitable potentials to create buildings that consistently involve optimal energy consumption. These indices have been mostly related to available materials, consistency between the climate and buildings, and the method of using renewable energies through building architecture, acquired through experiment over time. Given changes in lifestyle, fuel diversity, economic costs, family behaviour, available materials, and climate change, it appears that previous methods cannot meet the requirements of optimal energy consumption. Given such a fact, it is necessary to employ the technology of today’s world to optimize these indices and make use of new energy consumption methods in buildings. All in all, reducing energy consumption in buildings requires accurate, practical answers to the issue. As a result, the present study seeks to examine the effect of buildings’ physical features on the extent of energy consumption; further, different types of buildings and prevalent architectures in this study were compared to calculate energy consumption in various forms and provide suitable strategies for optimizing energy consumption in these buildings.Materials and MethodsThe present research is an applied, design-based study conducted using the analytical approach. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physical parameters of residential buildings with the prevalent edge ratios in Ilam City – located in Iran – in order to provide an optimal pattern relative to the assessed parameters. Accordingly, eight prevalent residential building plans with the same total area (156 m2) were taken into account (Samples A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H).Generally, the A/C and lighting systems in a residential building account for 40% and 11% of the total energy consumption, respectively. The eight samples in this study were examined in terms of thermal performance and lighting of the entire building. The physical characteristics of buildings, such as materials and the type of openings, were considered the same across all eight samples in the data analysis. Materials used in this study are as follows:

The representation of an explicit solution to the Prabhakar fractional differential delayed system is studied employing the far-famed Laplace transform technique. Second, the existence uniqueness of the solution is debated together with the Ulam-Hyers stability of a semilinear Prabhakar fractional differential delayed system. Thirdly, the necessary and sufficient circumstances for the controllability of linear Prabhakar fractional differential delayed system are determined by describing the Gramian matrix. A sufficient circumstance for the relative controllability of a semilinear Prabhakar fractional differential delayed system is studied via the Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem. Numerical examples are offered to verify the theoretical findings.

Numerous biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have shown that plant community productivity typically increases with species diversity. In these studies, diversity is generally quantified using metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, or functional differences among community members. Research has also shown that the relationships between species diversity and functioning depends on the spatial scale considered, primarily because larger areas may contain different ecosystem types and span gradients in environmental conditions, which result in a turnover of the species set present locally. A fact that has received little attention, however, is that ecological systems are hierarchically structured, from genes to individuals to communities to entire landscapes, and that additional biological variation occurs at levels of organization above and below those typically considered in BEF research. Here, we present cases of diversity effects at different hierarchical levels of organization and compare these to the species-diversity effects traditionally studied. We argue that when this evidence is combined across levels, a general framework emerges that allows the transfer of insights and concepts between traditionally disparate disciplines. Such a framework presents an important step towards a better understanding of the functional importance of diversity in complex, real-world systems.

As a source of information on species’ geographic distributions, macroecologists and biogeographers have had to rely on expert-derived range maps to study biodiversity patterns at large scales. In addition to being biased towards well-studied taxa and subjective by nature, such maps suffer from a lack of consistency in how species’ absences are treated within the wider distribution. Using the finer resolution of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalization for Australia (subregions) and example sets of Australian species as study system, we developed a reproducible, data-driven approach to map the extent of occurrence (EOO) of hundreds—or even thousands—of species by combining presence-only data and subregions (i.e., non-equal-sized operational units that represent homogenous areas of unique environmental features) within a unifying quantitative framework. From data-driven and expert-derived range maps for 533 birds, species richness’ estimates differ at three biogeographical scales—whit bias (mean error) at coarser resolution (ecoregion) being half that at subregional scale—and the spatial association between pairs of these birds’ presence-absence maps vary from nearly zero to almost one (representing such pattern almost either differently or identically, respectively). Holes within the wider distribution of the EOO maps for pairs of amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and plants seem to respond to the demarcation of different subpopulations over Australia rather than causing an underestimation of a species’ empirical distribution. These results demonstrate that this approach can reliably map EOO of species whose distributions aligns with three broad types of geographic patterns (wide-range, habitat-specialists, and range-restricted species). This alternative to expert-derived range maps can serve as a basis for more robust, data-driven studies of biogeographic biodiversity patterns, thus improving our understanding and conservation efforts of global biodiversity.

By multiplying with the continuous factor (CF), the conventional Class- F / F - 1 , Class-J power amplifier (PA) can be expanded to their corresponding continuous modes, resulting in a great degree of freedom for broadband design. However, this method can hardly apply to other types of PAs. In view of this problem, the continuous mode is deeply analyzed from the perspective of equation solving for the first time, and a general theory for high-efficiency broadband continuous PA design is proposed. In this theory, the continuous impedance space does not rely on a mapping relationship achieved by multiplying with the CF, but on a direct solution of the high-efficiency equations to obtain the broadband design space. This approach is simpler and has the potential to provide greater design space. As a validation, this theory is used for the analysis of Class-E PAs and a new continuous Class-E (NC-E) PA is presented. With knee-point voltage and finite harmonics taken into account, this type of PA greatly expands the broadband design space of Class-E PAs, and also has the advantage of harmonic matching. The NC-E PA is designed and manufactured using GaN HEMT CGH40010F, which achieves 40.6∼41.6dBm output power and 66.2%∼74.2% drain efficiency (DE) in the frequency band of 2.5-3.8GHz.

Recently hydraulic and mechanical-based aircraft systems are replaced by electrical-based ’on board aircraft systems’ because of their various advantages like less volume and weight, and reliability. So electrical power system architecture needs to be modified. In spacecraft, a major volume is utilised for the electrical subsystem. The main requirements of the electrical power system of spacecraft are better reliability, less volume and weight, and improved power efficiency. Separate power-generating sources are used for propulsion and various auxiliary systems. Solar-based generation, nuclear-based generation, and fuel cells are some electrical energy sources used in aircraft. More reliable power generation techniques are required for long-duration space missions. The multiphase alternator is a better choice for reliable power generation. Another constraining factor for space power systems is volume and weight because of less space availability in the aircraft. Considering these constraining factors very high power density alternators are suitable for space power systems. Hence, High-Speed Homo Polar Inductor Alternator (HSHIA) is the most suitable candidate. High-speed operation up to 1 lakh RPM is possible with this machine due to its better power density and the special structure of the rotor. This machine already finds application in pulse charging as well as for energy storage by NASA and certain defense organizations. For studying its suitability for auxiliary power generation, a performance analysis is to be carried out. In HSHIA the performance is classified into three levels such as magnetic, electrical, and thermal. This paper presents the electrical performance analysis of HSHIA with different load conditions using the 3 -D Finite Element Method.

Variable supply voltage-clustered voltage scaling (VS-CVS) is an effective way to decrease power consumption without compromising performance. One of the major challenges in VS-CVS design is that level converting flip-flops(LCFFs) not only need to have low power consumption but also high performance. In this paper, we propose two new structures of LCFF: the data branch sharing LCFF based on conditional charging (DBS-LCFFCC) and the data branch sharing LCFF based on precharging (DBS-LCFFP).The new structures adopt a data branch sharing scheme to improve the speed of the circuit as well as to reduce the number of transistors. Based on simulation results using HSPICE with PTM 32nm CMOS technology, the proposed LCFFs show an improvement of 19.2% to 67.2% and 41.6% to 76.3% in power-delay-product (PDP) at 50% data switching activity, respectively, compared to other advanced LCFFs.

In this paper, for standalone and grid-connected PV systems, a three-phase simplified split-source inverter (SSI) is proposed and controlled using a model-predictive control (MPC). The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach used is an incremental conductance method based on a PI controller for both systems. The standalone system is composed of PV modules, a three-phase SSI, and a bidirectional power DC-DC converter that connects a battery bank and a DC-side capacitor. The output AC voltages of SSI are controlled using model-predictive control. The bidirectional power DC/DC converter regulates the DC-link voltage (DCLV). The grid-connected system consists of PV modules, a three-phase SSI, and an AC-side L-filter. The DC-link PI controller generates reference currents for the MPC algorithm. The MPC uses these reference currents to adjust and deliver the PV power to the grid while regulating the DCLV. The PI controllers’ parameters are selected for both systems using the Harris Hawks optimization method. Both PV systems simulation results show that under various operating conditions, they have succeeded in fixing a DCLV and producing a high-quality AC output voltage and current at low THD. Experimental results for the three-phase standalone PV system used to verify the system’s performance.

Psychopathy, as a phenomenon, has been mostly studied forensic concept of the current century. Various studies have linked psychopathy to other concepts such as crimes, aggression, violence, personality. There is another debate around that describe psychopathy as productive for certain profession such as CEOs and Surgeons. Current study aimed to assess the relationship of psychopathy among medical students in Pakistan with reference to demographic characteristics (age, gender). Urdu Psychopathy Scale (Dil & Kazmi, 2016) was used to assess the psychopathy. male and female medical students were approached using convenient sampling. Results revealed that age is not related to psychopathy. Significant gender differences exist with respect to psychopathy, and 4.68% of medical students score 262 or higher. The study provided a way to look into the phenomenon of psychopathy among medical students.

BACKGROUND: Social sciences and western psychology have long emphasized the value of a positive attitude toward oneself. Previous research developed psychometric tools such as the Self-Compassion Scale assessing self-compassion, defined as being open to and moved by one’s own suffering. However short version of psychometric tools might be particularly useful in settings where time constraints make the use of the long form less feasible or advisable. The Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) was developed in order to overcome these limitations. METHODS: We validated the Italian version of the SCS-SF in a relatively large Italian non clinical sample (n = 321). RESULTS: We found that the scale retained a one-factor structure. The SCS-SF showed sound psychometric properties and good convergent validity, since it was found to show very strong correlations with the Unconditional Self-Kindness Scale and the Reassure Self subscale of the Forms of Self-criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS). In addition, the SCS-SF showed good discriminant validity, since it was found to show a strong negative correlation and a very strong negative correlation with the HS subscale and with the IS subscale of the FSCRS, respectively. Finally, the SCS-SF showed good test–retest reliability. CONCLUSION: The use of the SCS-SF is promoted in clinical and research settings in which the assessment of a positive attitude toward oneself is of interest.

Introduction The Eastern Mediterranean region was highly exposed to COVID-19 due to diverse challenges and lack of laboratory resources and relevant expertise in these countries limited the quality of detection and surveillance of circulating strains. UAE, through the Reference Laboratory for Infectious Disease-Abu Dhabi (RLID-AD), played a central role in providing genomic support to these countries. Methods SARS-CoV-2 samples were transported to RLID-AD with support from WHO/EMRO, then sequenced primarily using the Midnight workflow and GridION from Oxford Nanopore Technology and the data were analysed using the CLC platform from Qiagen, and lineages assigned using Pangolin. Results Between April 2021 and March 2022, RLID-AD received 170 COVID-19 samples from Syria, Yemen and Lebanon for genomic analysis. Of these , 159 were successfully sequenced (93.5%) with >90% coverage and 30x depth, with lineages being successfully assigned through Pangolin. The lineages discovered were predominantly alpha, beta, and delta variants, largely consistent with the global waves at the time. Turnaround time from receipt at the lab to result sharing with member states was 2-3 weeks. Conclusion The implementation of a hub-and-spoke model for sequencing support was a key aspect to the COVID-19 response in the EMRO region. UAE played a critical role in supporting genomics surveillance in the region, despite the logistic challenges faced with transport and importing of samples to UAE. The challenges faced during COVID19 pandemic clearly demonstrates the need for implementation of national-level sequencing laboratories that contribute data to the region, with hubs acting in technical and emergency support.

The use of hydrocarbon-based proton conducting membranes in fuel cells is currently hampered by the insufficient durability of the material in the device. Membrane aging is triggered by the presence of reactive intermediates, such as HO·, which attack the polymer and eventually lead to chain breakdown and membrane failure. An adequate antioxidant strategy tailored towards hydrocarbon-based ionomers is therefore imperative to improve membrane lifetime. In this work, studies on reaction kinetics using pulse radiolysis and γ-radiolysis as well as fuel cell experiments are performed. The feasibility of increasing the stability of hydrocarbon-based membranes against oxidative attack by implementing a nature-inspired antioxidant strategy is demonstrated. It is found that metalated-porphyrins are suitable for damage transfer and can be used in the fuel cell membrane to reduce membrane aging with no impact on fuel cell performance.

Monitoring population dynamics is of fundamental importance in conservation but assessing trends in abundance can be costly, especially in large and rough areas. Obtaining trend estimations from counts performed in only a portion of the total area (sample counts) can be a cost-effective method to improve the monitoring and conservation of species difficult to count. We tested the effectiveness of sample counts in monitoring population trends of wild animals, using as a model population the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) in Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy), both with computer simulations and using historical census data collected over the last 65 years. Despite sample counts could fail to correctly estimate the true population abundance, sampling half of the target area could reliably monitor the trend of the target population. In case of strong changes in abundance, an even lower proportion of the total area could be sufficient to identify the direction of the population trend. However, when there is a high yearly trend variability, the required number of samples increases and even counting in the entire area can be ineffective to monitor population dynamics. Lastly, the effect of other parameters (such as which portion of the area is sampled or the detectability) was marginal, but these should be tested case by case. Sample counts could therefore constitute a viable alternative to assess population trends, allowing for important, cost-effective improvements in the monitoring of wild animals of conservation interest.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the available information on YouTube about External Cephalic Version (ECV) and assess the quality and usefulness. Study design A YouTube search was performed with five search terms, selecting the first 35 results. A quality assessment scale was developed to quantify the accuracy of medical information of each video. Main outcome measure was usefulness score. The videos ware divided into useful, slightly useful and not useful. Source of upload was divided into five subcategories, and medical or non-medical. Secondary outcomes included: audience engagement, misinformation and encouraging or discouraging ECV. Results 70 videos were analysed, only 14.3% was defined as useful. Every useful video was uploaded by educational channels or health care professionals, and 80% was from a medical source. Over half of the not useful videos were uploaded by childbirth attendants and vloggers. Childbirth attendants scored highest on audience engagement. The presence of misinformation was low throughout all groups. Two thirds of the vloggers encouraged ECV to their viewers. Conclusion A minor percentage of videos on ECV on YouTube is considered useful. Vloggers often encouraged their audience to opt for ECV. Groups with a higher audience engagement, had a lower usefulness score compared to the groups with a lower audience engagement but a higher usefulness score. Sources from medically accurate videos should cooperate with sources with a high audience engagement to contribute to the uptake of ECV by creating more awareness and a positive attitude and thereby lowering the chance for a caesarean delivery because of term breech.

Introduction. - The frequency of emergency department visits for asthma is a major public health problem in pediatrics. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of children who visit the pediatric emergency department for asthma exacerbation and to evaluate their therapeutic management before admission. Methods. - A prospective study conducted over a 6-month period in the pediatric emergency departments of 5 hospitals on children aged 1 to 16 years who were admitted to the department with a clinical diagnosis of asthma exacerbation. Results. – 143 patients were enrolled in the study. Asthma episodes were moderate to severe in 69.2% of cases (n = 99). Initial therapeutic treatment before admission to the emergency department was appropriate in 17.5% of cases (n = 25). Hospitalizations greater than 24 hours only occurred in 18.2% ( n = 26) . In children under 3 years of age, the viral context was present in 91.4% (n = 64) & exacerbations were more severe in younger patients (P = 0.002) and economically disadvantaged children (P = 0.025). Only 17.4% (n=25) were found to be positive by an antigen test or PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. suggesting that the involvement of traditional respiratory viruses in asthma exacerbation continues even in pandemic times. Regarding the pre-hospital care, 70.6% (n=101) had received prior treatment, but this treatment was inappropriate in 53.1 % (n=76). Conclusions. - This study shows that asthmatic children and their families know little about the disease and that physicians are not sufficiently aware of current recommendations for the management of asthmatic children. Admission to the emergency department for asthma could be partially avoided by better diagnosis and therapeutic education .

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one the most aggressive cancers and characterized by a highly rigid and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The extensive cellular interactions are known to play key roles in the immune evasion, chemoresistance and poor prognosis. Here, we used the spatial transcriptomics, scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq datasets to enhance the insights obtained from each to decipher the cellular communication in the TME. The complex crosstalk in PDAC samples were revealed by the single-cell and spatial transcriptomics profiles of the samples. We show that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the central cell types in the regulation of microenvironment in PDAC. They colocalize with the cancer cells and tumor-suppressor immune cells and take roles to provide an immunosuppressive environment. LGALS9 gene which is upregulated in PDAC tumor samples in comparison to healthy samples was also found to be upregulated in TAMs compared to tumor-suppressor immune cells in cancer samples. Additionally, LGALS9 was found to be the primary component in the crosstalk between TAMs and the other cells. The widespread expression of P4HB gene and its interaction with LGALS9 was also notable. To the best of our knowledge, this publication is the first study which demonstrates the upregulation of P4HB in PDAC at the transcriptomics level. Our findings point to a profound role of TAMs via LGALS9 and its interaction with P4HB that should be considered for the further elucidation as target in the combinatory immunotherapies for PDAC.

Local Probiotic Administration in HPV- and EBV-associated Head and Neck Cancers: at the brink of affordability and clinical benefit

Abstract The Toba highland peatlands are unique tropical ecosystem with expansive reach and remarkable age, spanning between 20,000 and 30,000 years. These vast peatlands arenot just the largest terrestrial carbon repository, but also harbour invaluable records of historical vegetation, climate, and human activities. Unfortunately, the current utilisation of these peatlands for agricultural purposes, along with mining activities, have led to severe degradation. The draining and mining of the peats results in significant carbon emissions into the atmosphere, water depletion, air pollution, and heightened fire risks. Given the alarming situation, there is an urgent need for conservation initiatives aimed at restoring these invaluable peatlands.

Teduglutide in Amyloidosis-associated Intestinal FailureClara Luhn§(1), Hermine Agis§(2), Elisabeth Hütterer(3), Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp(4), Christopher Dawoud(1), Anton Stift(1), Felix Harpain(1)(1) Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria(2) Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(3) Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(4) Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria§ contributed equally

Children living with thalassemia experience psychological challenges, but despite significant psychosocial burdens, caregivers’ psychological wellbeing and quality of life remain understudied, particularly in lower-and-middle-income countries. The current study evaluated these relationships in 100 male and female Pakistani caregivers (23-45 years; 61% female) using the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Singapore Caregiver Quality of Life Scale. We found that Pakistani caregivers in our sample generally had significantly lower (30-40 points) quality of life than a referent sample of caregivers of older adults ( ps < .001). Self-acceptance and personal growth were consistently significant predictors across quality of life domains. Further, significant interactions were observed. Female caregivers with less self-acceptance had worse mental health and wellbeing and impact on daily life ( p < .05). Male caregivers with less personal growth had worse physical health wellbeing ( p < .05). Our results demonstrate the importance of considering how distinct aspects of psychological wellbeing, rather than just the overall score, relate to the specific quality of life domains among both male and female caregivers. Future directions for clinical interventions should support improving self-acceptance and personal growth in Pakistani caregivers of children living with thalassemia.

Low-lying island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising sea levels and increased frequency and intensity of disturbance events such as storms, hurricanes, and flooding Intergovernmental Plans on Climate Change (IPCC, 2019]. The proposed research paper aims to investigate the impact of sea-level rise and disturbance on low-island ecosystems, and the challenges of managing biodiversity in the face of these changes. The paper includes an introduction that provides background information, research questions, and hypotheses, followed by a literature review that examines the impacts of sea-level rise and disturbance on low-island ecosystems, challenges faced by biodiversity management, and current conservation strategies. The methodology section describes the study site, data collection methods, data analysis, and limitations of the study. The results section presents the findings of the study, discusses the challenges faced by biodiversity management, and evaluates current conservation strategies. The conclusion summarizes the findings, discusses their implications for biodiversity management on low-island ecosystems, and provides recommendations for future research.

A document by Feng Zhang. Click on the document to view its contents.

IntroductionCarotidodynia or Fay’ syndrome is characterized as neck pain near the carotid bifurcation (1). Three main differential diagnoses can be responsible for carotidodynia : carotid dissection, cervical osteoarthritis and large vessel vasculitis ie Takayasu disease, giant cell arteritis. The definition of carotidodynia has evolved in the past century: initially classified in the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) in 1988 and then declassified due to unspecific clinical signs in 2004 (2).Over the last decade, reports of perivascular inflammation of the carotid artery have been described in patients with neck pain called TIPIC syndrome: Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery. The diagnostic criteria for this rare vascular disorder were established by Lecler et al. in 2017 : acute neck pain directly around the level of the carotid bifurcation, eccentric pericarotidian infiltration on imaging, exclusion of another vascular or nonvascular diagnosis with imaging and improvement within 14 days either spontaneously or with anti-inflammatory treatment (1). A recent multicenter retrospective study of 72 patients with TIPIC syndrome confirmed the benign nature of this disorder and that recurrence may occur in up to 20% of cases (Micieli E et al. Transient perivascular inflammation of the carotid artery (TIPIC) syndrome; Vasa 2022). However, TIPIC pathophysiology and triggers remain poorly understood.We report herein the case of a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patient with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) induced TIPIC syndrome.

A document by Tammas Francis Loughran. Click on the document to view its contents.