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We are living in an uncertain world, reeling under extreme events of weather conditions, mal distribution of resources, global spread of highly infectious diseases, and inequitable access to services. Even small careless decisions may lead to uncontrolled human trauma. In such situations information system and classified help may reduce miseries to a great extent. The paper primarily analyses the illness profile of migrants and non-migrants and then relate them to the spatial accessible choices of the respondents in the Sub cities of Delhi by using GIS component for chronic and acute health needs. The objective of the spatial analysis was to find the spatial accessibility difference by types of illness, migration status. Methodology-Cluster sampling method was implemented, and a multi-stage design was considered to draw random sample for the selection of respondents from the urban villages and other neighbouring residential localities in the three sub-cities of Delhi. Duration of stay in Delhi was decided to determine the migration status. To micro-level spatial analysis geo-referencing was done by Trimble, by taking the approximate centre of the villages. However, each house was not georeferenced assuming that the difference in the distance from the home and the health centre would not vary beyond five hundred meters and will be cost effective also. Conclusion- Unbridled urban sprawl makes the accessibility issue more complex and researchable for a better health and urban planning. The vulnerable groups such as migrants and people living in fringe area are the worst affected due to accessibility and affordability. The paper concludes that the diseases such as diabetes, different types of cancer, coronary heart disease and injuries have close correlation with the urban planning and accessibility issues. The paper also finds that the poor migrants living at the margins in the planners’ perspective does not get any attention towards the increased cases of diabetes, injuries (includes fall) and vector born disease, water born disease due to poor urban planning reasons.

Feathers comprise a series of evolutionary innovations but also harbor colour, a biological trait with immense selective value and known to co-vary with life history or complex traits. Such an intricate web of relationships is particularly true in melanin-based pigmentation species, mainly due to known pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin pathway – originating so-called melanin-phenotypes. Here we explored the molecular basis of melanin coloration and expected co-variation at molecular level in a melanin-based, colour polymorphic benchmark system, the tawny owl. An extensive body of literature has revealed grey and brown tawny owl color morphs differ in a series of life history and behavioral traits. We assembled the first draft genome of the species against which we mapped ddRADseq reads from 220 grey and 150 brown morphs - representing 10 years of pedigree data from a population in Southern Finland - and explored genome-wide associations with colour phenotype. Our results revealed molecular signatures of cold adaptation strongly associated with grey coloration, namely a non-synonymous substitution in MCHR1 detected when comparing genomes, plus 2 substitutions in non-coding regions of FTCD and FAM135A whose genotype combinations obtained a predictive power of up to 100% (predicting grey colour). All these genes have functions related to energy homeostasis, fat deposition and control of starvation response and indicate the molecular basis of some cold environment adaptations predicted to be grey-morph specific. our results unveil part of the molecular machinery of melanin-phenotypes and shed light on the maintenance and evolution of colour polymorphism in melanin-based pigmented species.

Rodents are key reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and play an important role in disease transmission to humans. Importantly, anthropogenic land-use change has been found to increase the abundance of synanthropic rodents, particularly rodent reservoirs of zoonotic disease. Anthropogenic environments also affect the microbiome of synanthropic wildlife, influencing wildlife health and potentially introducing novel pathogens. Our objective was to characterize the microbiome and investigate the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in synanthropic rodents in native and anthropogenic environments to better understand their role in pathogen maintenance and transmission. We sampled wild Peromyscus mice in agricultural and undeveloped landscapes and forest and synanthropic habitat in Minnesota, USA and conducted 16S amplicon sequencing using long-read Nanopore sequencing technology on fecal samples to characterize the rodent microbiome. We compared community composition and diversity between habitats and screened for the presence of putative pathogenic bacteria species. Microbiome community composition differed significantly between agricultural and undeveloped landscapes and forest and synanthropic habitat while microbiome richness, diversity, and evenness were lower in undeveloped-forest habitat compared to all other habitats. We detected overall low abundance and diversity of putative pathogenic bacteria, though the greatest number of pathogenic bacteria were detected in the agricultural-forest habitat. Our findings show that rodent microbiome community composition differs across landscapes and habitat types but suggest that landscape-level anthropogenic factors may be most important to predict zoonotic pathogen abundance. Ultimately, understanding how anthropogenic land-use change and synanthropy affect rodent microbiomes and pathogen prevalence is important to managing transmission of rodent-borne zoonotic diseases to humans.

Acute pericarditis following percutaneous interventional procedures is relatively common. Moreover, cardiac ablation procedures pose an increased risk for the development of acute pericarditis, as they directly target sections of the myocardium. Rarely surgical interventions are indicated in cases of acute pericarditis. Here we present a case of a 61-year-old male presented with excruciating chest pain post-RF ablation for atrial fibrillation. Ct scan showed a moderate amount of pericardial fluid. The patient was diagnosed with pericarditis and successfully treated with a pericardial window. The patient improved clinically and demonstrated increased left ventricular ejection fraction following recovery after the pericardial window. This case demonstrates the potential value and risks of the pericardial window for post-RF ablation pericarditis, complicated with pericardial fluid.

The study investigated the coordination of joint and segmental angles for preferred (right) and non-preferred (left) lower limb movement for a single-legged postural task. Nineteen healthy youngers (8 women and 11 men), aged between18-40 years (M = 25.11 years, SD = 6.61), the mean height of 169.30 cm (SD = 10.23), mean weight of 71.18 kg (SD =16.87) participated in this experiment. The angular variability was assessed by analyzing the first and second principal components. The crosscorrelation between the principal components and the angles showed that specifically the thorax and pelvis segment, as well as the neck and spine joints, participate actively in the coordination of postural control during single-legged stance. As a main result, it was found that the coordinative structures differ between preferred and non-preferred lower limbs, but show high inter-subject variability (among participants) in the angular and segmental coordination strategies adopted to maintain unipodal postural control. Findings show that intersubject variability represents motor abundance, which prioritizes various kinematic solutions through joint and segmental degrees of freedom to maintain vertical postural control. Intersubject variability may be an underlying mechanism of laterality that takes advantage of kinematic motor abundance.

The re-introduction of native species that have been extirpated or in low abundance in the Great Lakes has been a binational initiative between the United States and Canadian governments. Recently, new management programs have been unway that use current hatchery facilities for the restoration of native forage fishes in Lake Ontario. These species include Bloater ( Coregonus hoyi), which has been extirpated from Lake Ontario for approximately four decades, and Cisco ( C. artedi), which exists at a fraction of its former abundance. We assessed morphometrics, length-weight relationships, and condition factors during early life development for eight cohorts of Cisco and Bloater reared during 2012-2019. Weekly samples for Cisco and Bloater were measured from hatch until release (29-45 weeks, 133-1,002 samples annually). Head width, gape, mandible length, and mouth height metrics were all larger for Cisco than Bloater at any given size but increased at similar rates for both species. Average condition factors for Cisco and Bloater were 0.54317 and 0.55892, respectively. his information may also improve field identification of these species, helping managers evaluate the relative success of different release strategies for rehabilitation of populations of these native species.

One of the most common women’s tumours infest the breast. Various benign disorders like cysts in a woman’s breast occur due to hormonal changes and are at the risk of becoming malignant. Several thermal models are reported to differentiate between normal and malignant tissues of the breast. But no thermal model is reported in the study of the effect of benign disorders on the literature to distinguish between benign and malignant disorders in women’s breasts. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the thermal disturbances caused by cysts and malignant tumours in the fat tissues of a woman’s breast. The model is developed for a two-dimensional steady-state case using penne’s bioheat equation and incorporating parameters like thermal conductivity, blood mass flow rate, and self-controlled metabolic heat generation. The appropriate adiabatic boundary conditions have been framed for various environmental conditions. The finite element method has been employed to obtain the solution. The results have been obtained for different spherical-shaped cysts and different depths of tissues in a hemispherical-shaped woman’s breast. Furthermore, the comparison of thermal profiles for cysts and malignant tumours in a woman’s breast has been performed. As a result, a contrast in the thermal behaviour of cyst and malignant tumour in a woman’s breast is observed, which can be helpful to distinguish between the malignant tumour and cyst in a woman’s breast to prevent false-positive test for malignant tumour. Accordingly, this study found that various factors could affect cancer classification and prediction. Therefore, in this study, Breast cancer data classification has been done using three classification techniques which are Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (R.F.); to improve the performance of the model, trained the model with selected features according to the analysis done.

The uniqueness of solutions to boundary value problems are important to understanding real world applications. In this paper, two prominent classes of nabla fractional boundary value problems are investigated and presented with improved weighted norms. This allows the current sufficient conditions in the literature to be relaxed. The approach firstly establishes the equivalent summation representations with their associated Green's functions with the important inherent properties proven relating to these weight norms. The second component of the approach is via the application of the Banach fixed point theorem with sufficient conditions to establish the uniqueness and existence of solutions to the considered problems on well-defined spaces with respect to novel weighted supremum norms. To illustrate the merit, novelty, and applicability of the established results, two examples are presented.

Although natural flooding plays a crucial role in shaping the composition of aquatic communities, most rivers around the world have been regulated or dammed for anthropogenic purposes. This affects the biological and chemical composition of these ecosystems. Although studies have demonstrated the negative effects of river regulation on aquatic invertebrate communities globally, there is a scarcity of research in Africa, despite its vulnerability to anthropogenic use. This study aimed to compare aquatic invertebrate communities between the regulated Phongolo River and the unregulated Usuthu River, South Africa and to determine whether the largest lake in the region (Lake Nyamithi), which receives water from both rivers, would show a stronger resemblance to either of the two rivers. Aquatic invertebrate and water samples were collected from 2012 to 2018 over several seasons. The Usuthu River demonstrated a diverse and sensitive aquatic invertebrate community, emphasising its high conservation value. Despite maintaining relatively high aquatic invertebrate diversity, the Phongolo River demonstrated effects of anthropogenic impact, with more resilient taxa to changes in water quality and flow compared to the Usuthu River. Mismanagement and excessive water use may lead to the loss of any remaining sensitive aquatic invertebrate communities in this river. The presence of invasive molluscan species such as Physella acuta and Tarebia granifera in the Phongolo River and Lake Nyamithi also poses a threat to the aquatic invertebrate community in the system. These invasive species are currently absent from the Usuthu River although other invasive species, such as the Australian redclaw crayfish, are found in both river systems. Lake Nyamithi displayed a unique aquatic invertebrate community, distinct from both rivers and their floodplains. This study provides important baseline information on the Usuthu River’s aquatic invertebrates and emphasises the need to maintain adequate water flow in rivers and floodplains to protect biodiversity and sensitive species.

Transplantation of islets with supporting three dimensional (3D) scaffolds could be an effective treatment modality in diabetes by overcoming meagre survivability and stunted proliferation of cells associated with direct islets transplantation. We have transplanted RIN-5F (rat insulinoma) cells seeded nanofiber scaffold (carboxymethyl guargum + reduced graphene oxide) in diabetic rats at epididymal fat pad site. The porous architecture of this scaffold has improved cell infiltrations and aid in the neovascularization of beta cells. The implanted scaffold rendered normoglycemia (blood glucose <200 mg/dl) in rats within six days compared to direct RIN-5F cells (without scaffold) transplanted group. The histology of the newly developed graft in the scaffold group demonstrated neovascularisation, fibrinogen and collagen production. RT-PCR results showed upregulated Nkx 6.1 (transcription factor) and VEGFa gene expression (vascular endothelial growth factor). Therefore, this polymer scaffold could act as a potential platform for in vivo transplantation of beta cells in treating diabetes

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to understand the role of suicide literacy and suicide stigma in laypeople’s intention to recommend professional help in Korea. Additionally, the study focuses on the role of expressive suppression as a sociocultural factor. Methods: Participants read vignettes depicting either subclinical distress or suicidal ideation and answered questions measuring suicide literacy, stigma, and expressive suppression. Mediated moderation analyses were used to examine the interactions between these factors. Results: The result found the significant effect of emotional suppression. The mediating effect of suicide stigma on the relationship between suicide literacy and recommendation of professional help was significant for those who do not suppress their emotions. This result indicates that when individuals were not hesitant to express negative emotions, high suicide literacy lowered suicide stigma and led to more willingness to recommend professional help. Conclusions: The results showed that emotional suppression acts as a barrier deterring Koreans from professional help for their mental health. The findings underscore the importance of sociocultural factors such as emotional suppression in developing suicide prevention strategies.

Background: Aberrant migration of parathyroid glands from their embryologic origin may result in undescended parathyroid glands. We present a case of an ectopic parathyroid adenoma at the level of the pyriform sinus. Methods: A 41-year-old female was evaluated for primary hyperparathyroidism. Following non-localizing ultrasound and planar sestamibi imaging, the patient underwent

Studies on the neural correlates of navigation in 3D environments are plagued by several issues that need to be solved. For example, experimental studies show markedly different place cell responses in rats and bats, both navigating in 3D environments. To understand this divergence, we propose a deep autoencoder network to model the place cells and grid cells in a simulated agent navigating in a 3D environment. We also explore the possibility of the vital role that Head Direction (HD) tuning plays in determining the isotropic or anisotropic nature of the observed place fields in different species. The input layer to the autoencoder network model is the HD layer which encodes the agent’s HD in terms of azimuth (θ) and pitch angles (ϕ). The output of this layer is given as input to the Path Integration (PI) layer, which integrates velocity information into the phase of oscillating neural activity. The output of the PI layer is modulated and passed through a low pass filter to make it purely a function of space before passing it to an autoencoder. The bottleneck layer of the autoencoder model encodes the spatial cell-like responses. Both grid cell and place cell-like responses are observed. The proposed model is verified using two experimental studies with two 3D environments. This model paves the way for a holistic approach to using deep neural networks to model spatial cells in 3D navigation.

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a viral disease caused by the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) which is a mosquito-borne, single-stranded, RNA flavivirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. It is imperative to note that JE can cause severe inflammation of the brain, leading to long-term neurological complications or even death in some cases. JE vaccine provides a crucial defense against this potentially fatal disease. Given the high prevalence of JE in Bangladesh, widespread vaccination campaigns and public health initiatives are necessary to promote awareness and ensure that individuals at risk receive the vaccine. The commentary emphasizes on how crucial it is that individuals who are at risk of JE infection receive the vaccine through nation wide immunization campaign in Bangladesh.

Information about the concentration of unbound paclitaxel over time following administration of albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) and its proportion to total paclitaxel in plasma remains unavailable. The aim of this study was to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to evaluate the dynamic relationship between total and unbound concentrations of paclitaxel in Chinese patients with metastatic breast cancer. A total of 653 concentrations corresponding to total and 334 to unbound paclitaxel were analyzed in 24 subjects who received two cycles of a single nab-paclitaxel dose of 260 mg/m2/cycle. The time course of the fraction of unbound paclitaxel was analyzed by non-linear mixed-effects modeling and Monte Carlo simulation. A mechanism-based model incorporating linear dissociation of nab-paclitaxel and saturated binding of free paclitaxel to plasma components was established to describe the relationship between total and unbound paclitaxel. Dissociation coefficient of nab-paclitaxel was estimated to be 4.60%, while a maximum unbound fraction value of 2.76% was reached at the end of infusion due to nonlinear binding kinetics of unbound paclitaxel. This is the first study to determine relationship between total and unbound nab-paclitaxel concentrations using a semi-mechanical population PK model, revealing that unbound paclitaxel fraction was expressed as a function of nab-paclitaxel concentration.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) metastases to the abdomen and pelvis affect the liver, mesentery, retroperitoneum, peritoneum, bladder, kidney, ovary, and uterus. The study documented the radiological pattern and features of the chest, bone, abdominal and pelvic (AP) metastases among advanced breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Chest, abdominal and pelvic Computed Tomography (CT) scan images of 36 patients with ABC were collated from Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and RAAJ Diagnostics. The images were prospectively assessed for metastasis to the organs of the chest, AP soft tissues and bones. Radiologic features of metastasis of the lungs, liver, lymph nodes (LN), and bones were documented. Patients’ demographics, clinical data and histopathology reports were also collected. The data was captured using Uvosyo and exported to Microsoft Excel templates. The data obtained were descriptively analyzed. Results: Only 2.8% of BCs exhibited metaplastic BC, while 97.2% had invasive ductal BC. Triple-negative cases was 55.6%. Of 36 patients, 31 (86.1%), 21 (58.3%) and 14(38.8%) were diagnosed of chest, AP and bone tissues metastasis, respectively. LN involvement was reported in 26 (72.2%) patients. Majority, 21 (58.3%) were diagnosed of multiple sites metastasis with 15 (41.7%) showing single site. Lungs (77.4%, 24/31), and liver (47.6%, 10/21) were the most affected distant organs. Most bone metastases were lytic lesions (92.9%, 13/14) with the vertebrae (85.7%, 12/14) been the most affected. Conclusion: According to the study, advanced breast cancer patients have a higher-than-average radiologic incidence of lung, liver, bone, and lymph node metastases.

Infrared Thermography has been under review in the last thirty years due to its versatility and potential in the detection of the thermal signature associated with intrinsic energy phenomena due to dissipative processes, specifically those relying on mechanical fatigue. Nowadays, it is a well-established technique that can support mechanical and structural engineers to implement a damage-tolerant design, assess the residual life, and finally characterize the fatigue behavior of materials. The aim of this work is to review all thermography-based approaches and procedures for fatigue limit estimation by rapid tests, draw considerations on the role of thermal methods in mechanical design and machine construction, and discuss the pros and cons of each method and open points. This review is intended on one hand, as a warning/guideline to direct new research toward issues that have not been fully resolved or understood yet and on the other hand, to sum up, what has already been done in the field.

Slag entrapment from metal-slag interface during continuous casting operation has been a major area of concern for steelmakers globally. The presence of inactive regions in the upper region of the mold poses another challenge. Proper flow behavior of the molten metal coming out of the nozzle in the mold is required to overcome these challenges. Nozzle design greatly affects the flow pattern of the molten steel inside the mold. The present investigation is an attempt to study the flow and solidification behavior in a slab caster mold with the use of a novel designed hexa-furcated nozzle (HFN) using numerical investigation results. The casting speed and submerged entry nozzle (SEN) depth are varied to study the effect of these parameters on minimizing the inactive zones in the mold and the steel/slag interface fluctuations. The results show that the interface fluctuation increases at higher casting speed and lower SEN depth. The RTD analysis is also performed for different cases to investigate the flow behavior. The validation of the fluid flow and RTD curve inside the computational domain is carried out with the use of physical modeling.

This paper describes a 5-year-old Chinese girl who presented with acute fever and epistaxis. After admission, relevant ancillary tests indicated the presence of hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) and the combination of EBV infection in this patient. Pathology of the cervical lymph node biopsy and bone marrow flow cytology examination indicated systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma of childhood (STCLC), and a diagnosis of STCLC combined with HLH was clear. Although the girl was clearly diagnosed within a few days and treated with chemotherapy and symptomatic support, she eventually died on the 6th day after admission due to progressive worsening of her disease. We also describe the possible pathogenesis of STCLC combined with HLH through a search of the relevant literature.

Key Clinical MessageRepositioning maneuvers for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) designed to induce otoconial movement in one canal can trigger or treat BPPV in other canals. We suggest for standardized testing protocols to ensure correct diagnosis of BPPV.MeSH keywords : BPPV; positional vertigo; horizontal canal; positional nystagmus; case report

Carbon monoxide (CO) has become one of the most relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks for chemical synthesis, especially in the fine chemicals industry, due to the development of efficient and selective catalysts for its activation. In this review, we present a comprehensive critical analysis of the last 10 years literature on the use of CO as a renewable feedstock for fine chemicals production. The review is organized by type of catalytic reaction, namely alkene and alkyne carbonylation, hydroformylation, carbonylation of aryl halides, carbonylative cross-coupling and C–H carbonylation. Notable examples of the synthesis of relevant building blocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on examples of utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or more catalytic steps. The catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of the examples.

In the present work, the epidermal mucus of Channa striatus ( C.striatus) stabilized the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized. The nanoparticles were characterized using an Ultra-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope coupled with EDS. Various shapes like rod, hexagonal, A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) reveal s the shape and selected area diffraction pattern. The samples were screened for toxicity using human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). The XRD pattern of mucus-stabilized ZnO NPs exhibits smaller size than that of the ZnO NPs without mucus. The anticancer efficiency of the ZnO NPs was examined by MTT assays in HeLa cells at different doses. ZnO NPs synthesized with 1 and 2 mL mucus exhibit 27.40 and 18.84 % of cell viability at 100 µg/ml. The microscopy results recommend that the synthesized ZnO NPs controlled the growth of the HeLa cells effectively at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. Therefore, mucus stabilized ZnO NPs can be used as an anticancer agents for the treatment of HeLa cells.

INTRODUCTIONHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the primary form of hepatic carcinoma and a prevalent malignant tumor, is associated with a poor prognosis (Gentile et al., 2020). Various risk factors, such as cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, HBV or HCV infection, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcohol abuse, contribute to HCC progression (Fujiwara et al., 2018; Kim and Han, 2012; Wang and Deng, 2023). The aggressive proliferation, metastatic capacity, and high drug resistance rates of HCC cells are major factors contributing to their invasive behavior (Llovet et al., 2021; Villanueva, 2019). Despite significant progress in clinical HCC treatment, the prognosis for patients remains grim due to rapid progression and early recurrence (Cai et al., 2022; Donadon et al., 2016; Wang and Wei, 2020). Thus, it is crucial to develop new drugs and identify novel therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.Forkhead box proteins constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of transcriptional regulators. Among them, forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is known to be expressed in proliferating cells and associated with the activation of the mitotic program (Zuppo et al., 2023). FOXM1 plays a crucial role in cancer progression, influencing various steps such as Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), cell proliferation, migration, and premetastatic niche formation (Park et al., 2011; Raychaudhuri and Park, 2011; Zhang et al., 2017). In the context of HCC, FOXM1 has been found to be upregulated and contributes to the progression of HCC by directly regulating the expression of KIF4A (Hu et al., 2019). Notably, carfilzomib has demonstrated effectiveness in inhibiting FOXM1 expression in AFP-positive HCC cells, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth (Li et al., 2022). These findings underscore the significance of FOXM1 as a potential therapeutic target in HCC treatment.The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and migration (Gao et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2022). Central to this pathway is the β-catenin protein, which, upon translocation into the nucleus, interacts with the TCF/LEF-1 transcription factor complex to activate the expression of Wnt target genes, including C-myc, CyclinD1, MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 (Yu et al., 2021). Dysregulation of this signaling cascade contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis.β-Sitosterol, one of the most prevalent phytosterols, is widely distributed in vegetable oils, nuts, and traditional Chinese medicinal plants (Babu and Jayaraman, 2020). β-Sitosterol, one of the most prevalent phytosterols, is widely distributed in vegetable oils, nuts, and traditional Chinese medicinal plants (Khan et al., 2022). Numerous studies suggest that β-sitosterol hinders the malignant behavior of cancer cells by inhibiting their proliferation and migration, inducing apoptosis, and interfering with cellular metabolism (Awad et al., 2008; Bae et al., 2021). Despite the significant role of β-sitosterol in various diseases, its impact on HCC and the underlying mechanism remains unexplored. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of β-sitosterol on HCC progression by regulating the FOXM1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.