In recent years, coastal reclamation has become an important way for coastal areas to ease the contradiction between supply and demand along the land and to develop and utilize marine resources. However, large-scale coastal reclamation will change the original natural properties of the sea area and cause changes in the surrounding hydrodynamic environment. Although coastal geomorphic features have a non-negligible impact on tidal energy loss and disaster prevention, few studies have paid attention to the intrinsic connection between the complexity of coastal morphology and the rate of tidal reduction. In this study, Hangzhou Bay is selected as the research object, and a model based on the correlation between coastal geomorphic complexity and tidal energy reduction rate is constructed by using the fractal geometry theory and the quantitative evaluation method of landscape complexity, and the model is used in the assessment of the impacts of reclaimed land in Zhoushan Islands on the geomorphic complexity and tidal energy dissipation. The results of the study show that the differential tide reduction rate is highly correlated with the complexity of islands, shoreline irregularities, curved boundaries and spatial morphology. In the application of the model, it was found that the traditional planning and design of reclamation led to a dramatic change in shoreline morphology, and with the significant reduction of the number of subdimensions D and the shape index S, the differential tidal reduction rate would be reduced by more than 88%, which also poses a significant threat to coastal and downstream estuarine bay disaster prevention. Finally, based on the above analysis, effective control indexes and scientific reclamation measures are proposed to provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization and protection of mudflats in China.

Background India, in general, has health inequities. In terms of reproductive health (RH) different States vary. This study investigates the disparities in RH and the underlying causes in various Indian states. Based on a large-scale population-based, nationally representative dataset, the current study aims to track the changes between NFHS-IV and NFHS-V in the status of RH and examine the factors contributing to it in various regions of India for women aged 15 to 49 years in 29 states (NFHS-IV and NFHS-V). Methods According to claims, in India’s States’ reproductive health status is gauged by the reproductive health index (RHI). The total fertility rate (TFR), infant mortality rate (IMR), childbirth order, mother-and-child delivery care, and female educational attainment rate are the five variables that make up this composite index. Results In NFHS-IV, India’s RHI score was 61.5, and in NFHS-V, it was 67.8. Although there has been progress in RHI, it has not been at the level that was anticipated. Eleven NFHS-IV states and eight NFHS-V states have index values below India’s RHI threshold. Conclusion In order to move the situation forward, desires for using contraception should be given more weight. The level of educational achievement of women should also be raised, as should their passionate participation in economic activity. By doing so, they will be able to make more independent decisions and lower their high birth and infant mortality rates.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which DEX regulates ferroptosis through GRa and autophagy to affect the function of placental trophoblast cells. Design: Exploration at clinical and cellular levels. Setting: Dex-treated and untreated groups were set. Population or Sample: Placenta tissue and cells (HTR-8/SVneo cells and TEV-1 cells). Methods: Prussian blue staining, IHC detection, Fe2+ level detection, electron microscope detection, CCK-8 detection, lipid oxidation level detection, Calcein-AM/PI staining detection level detection, ROS level test, MDA level detection, GSH level detection, GPX4 activity detection, WB detection and autophagy flow detection. Main Outcome Measures: The level of ferroptosis, the level and activity of AMPKα/BECN1 and ATG5/ATG7/NCOA4 signaling pathways, and the level of autophagy in placental trophoblast cells were evaluated Results: First, we found that DEX significantly increased the level of ferroptosis in placental tissue in women at risk of preterm birth. Next, we evaluated the effects of DEX and Ferrostatin 1 or DFOM treatment, the ferroptosis inhibitors, on placental trophoblast cell viability and ferroptosis levels. DEX decreased cell viability and increased iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation; Ferrostatin-1 or DFOM treatments could reverse these effects. Mechanically, DEX regulated autophagy and the protein levels of AMPKα/BECN1 and ATG5/ATG7/NCOA4 signaling pathways by inhibiting its receptor GRα. In addition, AMPKα inhibitors Comp C, siAMPKα, siBECN1, siATG5, siATG7 and siNCOA4 could reverse the inhibitory effect of DEX on the survival of placental trophoblast cells. In addition, AMPKα/BECN1 axis triggered autophagy activation and ATG5/ATG7/ NCOA4-mediated autophagy ferritin degradation were found to be associated with DEX induced ferroptosis in placental trophoblast cells. As demonstrated by the inhibition of autophagy by Comp C, siAMPKα and siBECN1, knockdown of ATG5, ATG7 and NCOA4 reduced intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and increased the protein expression of ferritin (FTH1), thus reducing the influence of the ferroptosis inducer erastin. Conclusions: This study provided experimental support for the adverse effects of DEX on preterm pregnancy-related disorders, and found that AMPKα/BECN1 and ATG5/ATG7/NCOA4 were key pathways by which DEX induced autophagy dependent ferroptosis in placental trophoblastocytes.

Objective To validate a serum biomarker developed in the USA for preterm birth (PTB) risk stratification in Viet Nam. Design Case-cohort study Setting Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam Population Women with a viable singleton pregnancy (n=5000). Methods Maternal serum was collected between 19 +0-22 +6 weeks’ gestation and participants followed to neonatal discharge. Relative insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) abundances were measured by mass spectrometry and their ratio compared between PTB cases and term controls. Discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and calibration for PTB <37 and <34 weeks were tested, with model tuning using clinical factors. Main outcomes measures All PTBs (any birth ≤37 weeks’ gestation) and spontaneous PTBs (birth ≤37 weeks’ gestation with clinical signs of initiation of parturition). Results Complete data were available for 4984 (99.7%), cohort PTB rate=6.7%; n=335. We observed an inverse association between IGFBP4/SHBG ratio and gestational age at birth (p=0.017); AUC 0.60 (95% CI, 0.53-0.68). Including previous PTB (multiparous women) or prior miscarriage (primiparous women) improved performance (AUC 0.65 and 0.70, respectively, for PTB <37 and <34 weeks’ gestation). Optimal performance (AUC 0.74) was between 19-20 weeks’ gestation, for BMI >21kg/m 2 and age 20-35 years. Conclusions We have validated a novel serum biomarker for PTB risk stratification in a very different setting to the original study. Further research is required to determine appropriate ratio thresholds based on the prevalence of risk factors and the availability of resources and preventative therapies.

Objective: To determine the rate of autoimmune disease in a head and neck cancer patient population and determine if these patients have increased rates of advanced stage disease. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study Setting: Rural tertiary care center Methods: A multisite single institution multidisciplinary head and neck oncologic patient database was queried to identify patients with autoimmune disease and primary mHNSCC in all primary sites from December 2019 to September 2021. Results: A total of 302 patients were identified, with 83% male and 17% female. In this study, 7.3% of patients were found to have an autoimmune disease or on immune-suppressive medications. Of the patients with immune suppression (autoimmune diseases or taking immune-suppressive agents), increased rates of regional and distant metastatic disease were noted. Statistical analysis demonstrated a relative risk of 1.1376 (95% CI 0.8679 – 1.4912) p = 0.3503 for presentation at advanced stage due to nodal disease and a relative risk of 1.4141 (95% CI 0.1876 – 10.6595) p = 0.7367 for presentation at advanced stage due metastatic disease in the autoimmune population. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with autoimmune diseases and/or on immune-suppressive medications may present with more advanced stages of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma compared to patients without immune suppression. These findings further emphasize the importance of counseling patients on immune-suppressive medications and other risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Deep learning (DL) techniques have grown in leaps and bounds in both academia and industry over the past few years. Despite the growth of DL projects, there has been little study on how DL projects evolve, whether maintainers in this domain encounter a dramatic increase in workload, and whether or not existing maintainers can guarantee the sustained development of projects. To address this gap, we perform an empirical study to investigate the sustainability of DL projects, understand maintainers’ workloads and workloads growth in DL projects, and compare them with traditional OSS projects. In this regard, we first investigate how DL projects grow, then, understand maintainers’ workload in DL projects, and explore the workload growth of maintainers as DL projects evolve. After that, we mine the relationships between maintainers’ activities and the sustainability of DL projects. Eventually, we compare it with traditional OSS projects. Our study unveils that although DL projects show increasing trends in most activities, maintainers’ workloads present a decreasing trend. Meanwhile, the proportion of workload maintainers conducted in DL projects is significantly lower than in traditional OSS projects. Moreover, there are positive and moderate correlations between the sustainability of DL projects and the number of maintainers’ releases, pushes, and merged pull requests. Our findings shed lights that help understand maintainers’ workload and growth trends in DL and traditional OSS projects, and also highlight actionable directions for organizations, maintainers, and researchers.

A document by Mukesh Bhatta. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Abhigan Shrestha. Click on the document to view its contents.

This paper studies the global regularity problem for the 2D micropolar Rayleigh-B e ̵́ nard convection system with velocity zero dissipation, micro-rotation velocity Laplace dissipation and temperature critical dissipation. By introducing a combined quantity and using the technique of Littlewood-Paley decomposition, we establish the global regularity result of solutions to this system.

In order to solve the problems of the current wireless cable monitoring effect is not ideal and the prediction method is difficult to deal with the nonlinear data of cables, a power cable monitoring method based on UHF-RFID and deep learning in the edge computing environment is proposed. First, based on edge computing, a power cable monitoring system is designed to migrate the analysis of massive data to the edge of the network to improve the monitoring efficiency. Then, the temperature sensing chip and RFID chip were integrated to design a UHF-RFID temperature tag, which was fixed at the cable temperature measurement point to achieve passive wireless monitoring of the cable. Finally, the parameters of the GRNN model are optimized using the beetle antennae search algorithm, and the EEMD decomposed data is input into the BAS-GRNN model for learning to output temperature prediction results and determine whether it is over temperature. The proposed method was demonstrated, and results showed that the maximum error between UHF-RFID temperature tag temperature measurement results and the thermocouple was within 0.3℃. The average relative error of the proposed method was only 0.01, and the time was 3.59s, which can meet the actual usage requirements.

In order to study the mechanical properties of fresh concrete under the coupling action of low temperature and dynamic load in mine construction, taking Tai Ge-miao mining area in Inner Mongolia as a reference, on the basis of collecting and sorting out relevant data at home and abroad, this paper introduces the characteristics and changes of mechanical properties of fresh concrete under the conditions of low temperature environment and freeze-thaw cycle in mine construction, and expounds the impact of freezing cycle on concrete properties in mine construction, The change characteristics of mechanical properties such as compressive strength and tensile strength under the coupled action of low temperature and dynamic load are summarized. After comprehensive analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: ⑴ The durability of fresh concrete will be seriously affected under impact load, and adding rubber and rubber fiber into concrete can improve the impact resistance and fatigue strength of concrete; ⑵ The durability of fresh concrete will be greatly reduced when it is subjected to alkali aggregate reaction, chloride ion reaction and carbonation;

This work investigates the effect of Joule heating and viscous dissipation due to electric double layer (EDL) and electroosmotic effect on steady fully developed electromagnetohydrodynamic flow in a porous microchannel. Dimensionless formulations of the Poisson-Boltzmann, momentum, and energy equations are derived for the electric potential, velocity profile and temperature distribution in the microchannel. Exact solutions for the temperature distributions and velocity profile were obtained using the method of undeterminate coefficients. The Debye-Hückel linearization is used to get exact solution for the electric potential. The results showed that Brinkmann number ( Br ) , Joule heating parameter ( J ) , Debye-Hückel parameter ( Κ ) , Hartmann number ( M ) , electric field ( E z ) and suction/injection parameter ( S ) have a substantial impact on flow formation and heat transfer. Using MATLAB software, graphical simulations are provided in order to deliver a greater understanding of the influence of relevant parameters on the results achieved.

Gastroduodenal Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Case ReportArticle type: Case Report

A new model of two-temperatures for a generalized micropolar thermo-elastic medium has been established in this paper. A medium is affected by a gravitational field and two types of mechanical strip load (continuous load and impact load). The technique called Laplace Fourier transform has been utilized to obtain the analytical expressions of variables under deliberation. The numerical and graphical illustration of the results has been carried out to indicate the differences among one temperature model, the classical dual-temperature model, and the hyperbolic dual-temperature model upon the Lord and Shulman theory, also, in the case of Coupled Theory (CT) and Lord and Shulman theory (L-S), we discussed the effect of the gravitational field and mechanical strip load. The most significant points are highlighted. The current investigation has led us to deduce some particular cases of special interest. When it comes to heat conduction’s new general model then this study will be extremely beneficial in developing a better understanding of the ingrained features.

A document by Abdüllatif Yalçın. Click on the document to view its contents.

Light can significantly influence plant growth, including stem traits and carbon sources and sinks. These changes in growth require carbon transport, which occurs in the vascular tissue, the phloem, via sieve elements. Light can influence vascular structure in the xylem, but due to methodological constraints there is little data on the degree to which the phloem, and in turn carbon transport, may be affected by the light environment. To examine the role of source/sink activity and plant size on phloem anatomy (i.e., hydraulic conductivity and percent conductive area), we grew Populus tremuloides Michx. seedlings under three different light treatments (high, medium, and low). We measured sieve element diameter and percent conductive area weekly for eight weeks using a newly optimized immunolabeling technique. We compared anatomical data with measurements of plant size, leaf, and root gas exchange. Light treatment altered plant growth and vascular anatomy, especially in the low light seedlings, which had the narrowest conduits (i.e., lowest hydraulic conductivity) and percent phloem conductive area. However, for their stem diameter, the low light seedlings had wider sieve element diameters than expected. Our piecewise SEM for the xylem revealed that stem length was also a driving factor for hydraulic conductivity and percent conductive area. Comparatively, net daily carbon assimilation emerged as an important factor affecting phloem hydraulic conductivity, along with stem diameter, while carbon assimilation was the only significant driver for percent phloem conductive area. Thus, phloem anatomy, and in turn carbon transport, may be more sensitive to environmental factors from both direct effects (i.e., carbon assimilation) and indirect effects (i.e., stem traits) than previously believed.

Leaf gas exchange measurements provide an important tool for inferring a plant’s photosynthetic biochemistry. In most cases, the responses of photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation to variable intercellular CO 2 concentrations ( A/ Ci response curves) are used to model the maximum rate of carboxylation by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, V cmax) and the rate of electron transport at a given photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; J PAR). The standard Farquhar-Von Caemmerer-Berry model is typically used with default parameters of Rubisco kinetic values and mesophyll conductance to CO 2 ( g m) derived from tobacco that impairs analytical reliability across species. To study this, here we measured the temperature responses of key in vitro Rubisco catalytic properties and g m in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum cv. Sicot 71) and derived V cmax and J 2000 ( J at 2000 µmol m -2 s -1 PAR) from cotton A/ Ci curves incrementally measured at 15°C to 40°C using cotton and tobacco parameters with our new automated fitting R package ‘OptiFitACi’. When applied to cotton, the tobacco parameters produced unrealistic J 2000: V cmax ratio of <1 at 25°C, two- to three-fold higher estimates of V cmax, approximately 50% higher estimates of J 2000 and more variable estimates of V cmax and J 2000, compared to model parameterisation with cotton-derived values. We determined that errors arise when using a g m of 0.23 mol m -2 s -1 bar -1 or below and Rubisco CO 2-affinities under ambient O 2 ( K C 21%O2) outside 461 µbar to 627 µbar to model A/ C i responses in cotton. We show how the multi- A/ C i modelling capabilities of ‘OptiFitACi’ serves as a robust, user-friendly extension of ‘plantecophys’ by providing simplified temperature-sensitivity and species-specificity parameterisation capabilities to enable higher accuracy estimates of V cmax and J 2000.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) is a substitutive plasticizer with various industrial applications. However, its wide occurrence in environmental matrices and human tissues is urging concerns on its toxicities. Presently, the effects of DEHTP on the fitness of Caenorhabditis elegans were explored with a consecutive exposure from F1 to F4 generations. The fitness was represented by reproduction, lifespan and behavior. Effects of DEHTP on reproduction showed an oscillation pattern with alteration from stimulation to inhibition and backwards. Influences of DEHTP on reproduction and lifespan showed trade-off relationships. Regarding behavior, DEHTP inhibited satiety quiescence duration, body bending and head swing, while stimulated reverse and Omega turns. At the biochemical level, DEHTP disturbed the lipid metabolites and lipid metabolism enzymes. Moreover, positive correlations were found between the effects on reproduction and with those on fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acyl-CoA (FA-CoA). DEHTP also disturbed the neural regulations including neural transmitters and the expressions of related genes. Out of expectation, the effects on neural regulations were positively correlated with those on lipid metabolism, but not with locomotion behavior. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) results also indicated oscillatory changes underlying multi-generational effects of DEHTP, e.g., serotonin was more connected with other neural regulations than other indicators in F1 and F3, while it was more connected with behavior than others in F2 and F4.

Rearrangements of the KMT2A gene are characteristic of infantile acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and are associated with increased lineage plasticity and resistance to therapy. Here, we describe the case of a 9-month-old infant with infantile ALL who experienced multiple immunophenotypic switches in her leukemia throughout therapy and ultimately achieved remission with the combination of CPX-351 and Inotuzumab. This case highlights the unique clinical challenges infantile ALL poses on monitoring therapeutic response with current methods of measuring minimal residual disease as well as the challenges in treating infantile B-ALL.

In recent decades, the patient survival is increased due to the advances in intensive care units and development of modern mechanic ventilators. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to wean these children from mechanical ventilation. Recently, after placement a tracheostomy tube, they can support at home with non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. Most of the children who need ventilation support at home have neurological impairment. The nutritional issues and gastrointestinal complications are well defined in critically ill patients, but there are very limited studies on the children with tracheostomy. Considering that majority of the patients has neuromuscular disorders, the nutritional and gastrointestinal problems of the children with tracheostomy are discussed, in the light of the knowledge on critically ill patients.

The latest psychopharmacological study showed effectiveness of a novel non-D2-receptor-binding drug, SEP-363856, for the treatment of schizophrenia. The compound is trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) full agonist and also 5-hydroxytryptamin 1A (5-HT 1A) receptor partial agonist. I found the TAAR1 ligand neuron, D-neuron, in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (Acc), a neuroleptic acting site, of human brains, though failed to find in the homologous area of monkey brains. To study human D-neuron functions, total of 154 post-mortem brains, and a modified immunohistochemical method using high qualified antibodies against monoamine-related substances, was applied. The number of D-neuron in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and Acc was reduced in post-mortem brains with schizophrenia. The reduction was significant (p<0.05) in Acc. I proposed “D-cell hypothesis of schizophrenia”, that NSC dysfunction-based D-neuron reduction is cellular and molecular basis of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) hyperactivity, progressive pathophysiology and prospectiveness of TAAR1 medicinal chemistry, emphasizing importance of D-neuron.

Trolls are a continuing problem of social media. The question of whether and to what extent trolls alter the natural evolution of opinions plays an important role in coping with the problem. To that end, this paper presents a differential game approach to study the opinion formation of stubborn individuals in online social platforms under the presence of trolls. The proposed framework considers a general information structure of the game that makes it highly intricate. As a result of applying Pontryagin’s maximum principle, the Nash equilibrium solution and corresponding individual trajectories have been derived in explicit forms. As the main contribution, the proposed differential game framework provides the possibility of investigating the influence of the trolls on ordinary stubborn individuals (and vice versa) under the Nash equilibrium as demonstrated in the simulation scenarios. This framework supports multiple trolls and arbitrary final decisions. We have observed that trolls are anxious players whose opinion trajectories fluctuate, and ordinary players can drive them more anxious while they are not affected by the trolls substantially.

The rapidly expanding market for regenerative medicines and cell therapies highlights the need to advance the understanding of cellular metabolisms and improve the prediction of cultivation production process for human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this paper, a metabolic kinetic model was developed to characterize underlying mechanisms of iPSC culture process, which can predict cell response to environmental perturbation and support process control. This model focuses on the central carbon metabolic network, including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism, which plays a crucial role to support iPSC proliferation. Heterogeneous measures of extracellular metabolites and multiple isotopic tracers collected under multiple conditions were used to learn metabolic regulatory mechanisms. Systematic cross-validation confirmed the model’s performance in terms of providing reliable predictions on cellular metabolism and culture process dynamics under various culture conditions. Thus, the developed mechanistic kinetic model can support process control strategies to strategically select optimal cell culture conditions at different times, ensure cell product functionality, and facilitate large-scale manufacturing of regenerative medicines and cell therapies.

Numerous mechanisms drive ecological speciation, including isolation by adaptation, barrier, distance, environment, hierarchy, and resistance. These promote genetic and phenotypic differentiation of local populations, formation of phylogeographic lineages, and ultimately, completed speciation via reinforcement. In contrast, it is possible that similar mechanisms might lead to lineage cohesion through stabilizing rather than diversifying ecomorphological selection and the long-term persistence of population structure within species. Processes that drive the formation and maintenance of geographic genetic diversity while facilitating high rates of migration and limiting phenotypic divergence may thereby result in population structure that is not accompanied by divergence towards reproductive isolation. We suggest that this framework can be applied more broadly to address the classic dilemma of “structure versus speciation” when evaluating phylogeographic diversity, unifying population genetics, species delimitation, and the underlying study of speciation. We demonstrate one such instance in the Seepage Salamander (Desmognathus aeneus) from the southeastern United States. Recent studies estimated up to 6.3% mitochondrial divergence and 4 phylogenomic lineages with broad admixture across geographic hybrid zones, which could potentially represent distinct species. However, while limited dispersal promotes substantial isolation by distance, extreme microhabitat specificity appears to yield stabilizing selection on ecologically mediated phenotypes. As a result, climatic cycles promote recurrent contact between lineages that are not adaptively differentiated and therefore experience repeated bouts of high migration and introgression through time. This leads to a unified, single species with deeply divergent phylogeographic lineages that nonetheless do not appear to represent incipient species.