Background: The use of allergy tests to guide dietary exclusions for disease control in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) is controversial. We undertook a consensus exercise on how to interpret skin prick test (SPT) results and dietary history for cow’s milk, hen’s egg, wheat and soya in children <2 years old with AD. Methods: Fourteen clinicians from general practice, paediatrics, paediatric dermatology, paediatric allergy and paediatric dietetics from UK and Ireland took part in an online modified Delphi study. Over three rounds, participants gave their anonymous opinions and received individualised and group feedback. The findings were discussed in an online workshop. Results: Of 14 symptoms, 12 were identified as relevant to immediate and 7 to delayed allergy. Regarding SPTs, there was consensus over which allergens to use for wheat and soya but not cow’s milk or hen’s egg; for all study foods, wheal size was determined as 0-1 mm negative, ≥5mm sensitised , but between 2-4 mm categorisation varied by food. During the final workshop, consensus was reached on dietary advice should be given according to SPT results and dietary history. Conclusion: We attained consensus on how SPTs combined with dietary history for four common food allergens should be interpreted in young children under two years of age with AD. These pragmatic recommendations may support clinician education, consistency of decision-making and future research.

Abstract: Aim: Recent literature has shown epidemiological changes in bronchiolitis with an increased incidence in the post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period but reports regarding disease severity are conflicting. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, disease severity, and microbiology of bronchiolitis during the 2022-2023 cold season compared to the previous five years. Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study at IRCCS Gaslini, Italy, included all children aged 0-2 years hospitalized for bronchiolitis from September 1st, 2017, to August 31, 2023. Findings from the 2022-2023 season were compared to the previous five years. Results: We observed a statistically significant increase in the 2022-2023 season in the absolute number of bronchiolitis admissions. Children who required mechanical ventilation dramatically increased from a total of 7 patients in the previous five seasons to 17 in the 2022-2023 season alone ( p=0.001). All other severity parameters significantly increased: the need for respiratory support ( p=0.002) , the median length of stay (5 vs. 4, p=0.001), and the median duration of respiratory support (4 vs. 3, p=0.016). Conclusions: We report a substantial increase in the severity of bronchiolitis in the season 2022-2023 with a remarkable number of previously healthy infants requiring mechanical ventilation. Our data represents a call in our setting for urgent measures to plan prophylactic and therapeutic strategies and prepare healthcare systems. Further studies are needed to confirm whether our findings are an isolated phenomenon or part of a true global trend. Health systems need to be prepared and protective preventive measures should be implemented for all newborns.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare genetic ciliopathy characterized by impaired clearance of the airway, leading to recurrent airway infections and various pulmonary conditions. The underlying cause of PCD is complex and involves diverse mechanisms. On one hand, advancements in genetic analysis techniques have significantly contributed to identifying the mutated genes associated with PCD, which in turn, can aid in understanding the variable clinical presentations of the disease. On the other hand, based on the mutated gene, disease manifestation may change and this makes it more challenging to establish a standardized diagnosis approach. Hence, it is important to approach it with a comprehensive perspective. In this study, 8 Turkish individuals with PCD were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis, as well as other diagnostic tests such as ciliary beat frequency measurement, immunofluorescence staining (IF), and confocal microscopy. The findings from this study not only contribute to the enlightenment of PCD aetiology but also emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach when diagnosing and understanding this complex genetic disorder.

Clinical pharmacists are health care practitioners who have advanced education and training in comprehensive medication management. Clinical pharmacists participate in the management of specific medications or individual disease states and collaborate with other health care team. Despite the clinical pharmacist participate in healthcare team, there are several cases of challenge in the interprofessional relationship with other healthcare team especially related drug management. The role of clinical pharmacists could be improved by increasing interprofessional communication between doctors and clinical pharmacist in the healthcare system. Previous studies reported that physicians were comfortable with pharmacists detecting and preventing prescription errors, but were uncomfortable with them recommending drug therapy to patients. Acceptance of pharmacists' suggestions by prescribers is a necessary component of the evaluation of clinical pharmacy services.

The irrational application of herbicides has led to severe water contamination by atrazine and other pesticides. To solve this issue, a mixed-linker metal-organic framework (MOF) photo-Fenton catalyst, Fe-PCN-134, was prepared and evaluated for atrazine degradation in water. Fe-PCN-134 could degrade atrazine up to 99.41% in ~80 min and could be used stably for four cycles. Atrazine degradation conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a rate constant ~103 times that of Fe(III)tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin chloride. In the mixed junction MOF, the introduction of tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin and Fe3+ coordination could reduce the material bandgap, improving the separation and transport efficiencies of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Further, the material could undergo a Fenton reaction during the photocatalytic reaction, ultimately producing h+, ·OH, ·O2− and 1O2 and thereby accelerating atrazine degradation. The safety and feasibility of using Fe-PCN-134 in pesticide-contaminated water treatment have been demonstrated by testing the plant and cell toxicity of the water after the photo-Fenton treatment.

Anju Murayama1,2*; Yuki Senoo, MD, MUDr3

Herein we report an asymmetric two-component alkenyl Catellani reaction for the construction of C–N axial chirality through a pal-ladium/chiral norbornene cooperative catalysis and an axial-to-axial chirality transfer process. Various partially aromatic iodinated 2-pyridones, quinolones, coumarin and uracil substrates react with 2,6-disubstituted aryl bromides with a tethered amide group, to afford a wide variety of polycyclic C–N atropisomers (38 examples, up to 97% e.e.). The obtained C–N axial chirality is originated from the preformed transient C–C axial chirality with high fidelity. The synthetic utility of this chemistry is demonstrated by facile preparation of complex quinoline and pyridine based C–N atropisomers through a N-deprotection and aromatization sequence. In addition, a remote axial-to-central diastereoinduction process dictated by C–N axial chirality is observed with excellent diastere-ocontrol.

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is an extinction risk assessment tool that has guided species conservation over the last five decades. However, as wildlife scientists and conservationists, we argue that its influence on the global conservation agenda can hinder effective species conservation efforts. Here, we review the limitations of the Red List and its misuse in priority setting, which can overlook local and regional contexts. This can result in improper allocation of conservation resources, especially in the Global South, where financial resources are limited. In particular, funds directed towards red-listed species may fail to address a broader range of conservation priorities. We also contend that extinction risk is insufficient for guiding conservation efforts and recommend broadening conservation planning and decision-making beyond reliance on the Red List. Thus, for a more inclusive and decentralized approach, we summarize guidelines for guiding species conservation at appropriate ecological, spatial, and taxonomic scales. Finally, we encourage more collaborative efforts and stakeholder engagement for the setting of conservation priorities and efficient funding allocation.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze myocardial work in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using a non-invasive pressure strain loop (PSL) technique to provide a basis for the quantitative assessment of left ventricular （LV） systolic function. Methods: LV myocardial work of 107 AF patients and 55 healthy individuals was assessed by the non-invasive PSL and then compared. Results: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) in absolute values, global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), and global work efficiency (GWE) were significantly lower in the AF group than control group, whereas peak strain dispersion (PSD) and global wasted work (GWW) were significantly higher ( P<0.05). Further subdivision according to the AF type revealed that, compared with the controls, GLS in absolute values and GWE decreased significantly; PSD and GWW increased significantly in the paroxysmal AF group ( P<0.05). Compared to paroxysmal AF, persistent AF induced a further decrease in absolute GLS and GWE and a further increase in GWW ( P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that GWI and GCW were associated with systolic blood pressure. GWW was associated with types of AF and left atrial volume index (LAVI). GWE was correlated with age, types of AF, disease duration, and LAVI. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve predicting myocardial injury was higher for GWE and GWW than for GLS. Conclusions: Non-invasive PSL can quantitatively assess LV systolic function in patients with different kinds of AF and detect early subclinical myocardial injury in patients with paroxysmal AF. Systolic blood pressure, type of AF, LVAI, disease duration, and age may be associated with myocardial injury in patients with AF.

The confluence of genetic insights and advanced cellular therapies is reshaping the landscape of oncological interventions, ushering in an era of precision medicine that promises enhanced patient outcomes. As researchers delve deeper into the genomic intricacies underlying various cancer types, there emerges a clearer picture of the critical mutations and genetic pathways that drive tumorigenesis. Leveraging this genomic knowledge, targeted treatments are now being developed to address these specific genetic anomalies, offering a paradigm shift from traditional one-size-fits-all approaches. This comprehensive article provides an in-depth examination of the most prominent genes associated with cancer, elucidating their roles in disease progression and highlighting the innovative cellular therapies designed to target these precise genetic markers. Through a confluence of cellular engineering and genomic understanding, we stand on the precipice of a new therapeutic horizon, where treatments are not only more effective but also tailored to individual genetic profiles, heralding a new hope in the battle against cancer.

In this study, we show the existence of three types of shifts in polynomial curves in the XY-plane that will always result in integer sequences: 1. "Eureka shift", 2. Taylor shift, and 3. "Taylor shift and fit". Offset is a particular case of integer Taylor shift values. From these polynomial shift properties, we prove that there is always an absolute offset position provided by the simplest polynomial equation of all. We define mathematically what is the simplest polynomial equation of all. When we use this simplest equation of all, we can assign to any polynomial sequence an absolute value to offset í µí±“ = 0. In the current literature, we have three staircase functions[19] with unit steps: 1. floor, 2. ceiling, and 3. round. We show that there is no current staircase function with a unit step to express exactly the result of the offset in the polynomial integer sequences. To properly portray the offset of polynomial integer sequences, it is necessary to create a new fourth staircase function with a unit step. Just as the floor function has a complementary function ceiling, we realized that we need to create a complementary round staircase function. We call this new mathematical staircase function "round half to zero" and abbreviate it as "roundz". This new function "roundz" rounds the half value to 0 instead of 1. It can portray exactly what happens to the symmetry point when we implement offset in a polynomial sequence of integers. Then, we prove that every polynomial equation has a reference point that we call the "symmetry point" (sp). The symmetry point is always found between the elements with the smallest values (or the highest, if changing the signal) in the polynomial sequence. From the symmetry point of any polynomial sequence of integers, we can define two types of symmetry and one type of asymmetry. We name and define the sequences asymmetry and the two types of symmetries. With the definitions of symmetry, we show that we can make some similar relationships between the properties of polynomial infinite sequences and the finite sequences of divisors of integers.

Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli can lead to urosepsis, and the pathogens’ effectiveness in acquiring iron determines their virulence. The level of expression of the siderophore genes in different environments (M9 medium, artificial urine, and M9 supplemented with blood) was investigated using the CAS assay and qPCR. Aerobactin was found much more frequently in blood than in urine isolates (P=0.03), but the expression in artificial urine was 2x higher than in blood (P=0.03). We observed significant changes in the expression of entC, iro-2, iucA, and iroB bacterial genes between groups in artificial urine. The siderophores enterobactin, aerobactin and yersiniabactin (P=0.016), with the iha and hlyA genes, may represent markers of increased urosepsis risk. Moreover, proteomic profiles between groups were significantly different (ferritin-1, iron uptake system component EfeO, ferrous iron transport protein B, nitrate/nitrite response regulator protein NarL, protein HemY, ferrienterobactin receptor FepA, lipopolysaccharide export system protein LptA and 2Fe-2S ferredoxin). We also observed the positive association with urosepsis of IL-6, TNF, and CRP proteins between groups. In conclusion, risk factors for UTI-related sepsis may be related to the iron uptake system, and genetic and proteomic profiles may help in their identification.

Macrophages expressing group V phospholipase A 2 (Pla2g5) release the Free fatty acid (FFA) linoleic acid (LA), potentiating lung type 2 inflammation. Although Pla2g5 and LA increase in viral infections, their role remains obscure. We generated Pla2g5flox/flox mice, deleted Pla2g5 by using the Cx3Cr1cre transgene, and activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-Macs) with Poly:IC, a synthetic double-stranded RNA that triggers a viral-like immune response, Poly:IC+LA, and known Pla2g5-dependent stimuli (IL-4, LPS+IFNg and IL-33+IL-4+GM-CSF) followed by lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis. In absence of Pla2g5, PolyI: IC-activated BM-Macs had a reduction of major bioactive lipids and critical enzymes producing those bioactive lipids. Additionally, AKT phosphorylation was reduced in Poly:IC stimulated BM-Macs lacking Pla2g5, which was not restored by adding LA to Poly:IC. Furthermore, Pla2g5flox/flox; Cx3cr1cre/+ mice had diminished Poly:IC-induced lung inflammation, including inflammatory macrophage proliferation; adding LA to Poly:IC partially restored lung inflammation. Additionally, mice lacking FFA receptor-1, ( Ffar1)-null mice had reduced Poly: IC-induced lung cell recruitment, not corrected by LA. Thus, Pla2g5 contributes to Poly: IC-induced lung inflammation by regulating inflammatory macrophage proliferation and LA/Ffar1 lung cell recruitment.

Despite previous data suggesting that the adenovirus 5 E1A protein promotes quiescent cells entry into S-phase and stimulates cell proliferation, the precise mechanisms are still debated. Here, we demonstrate that WDR68, a highly conserved WD40-repeat protein, significantly promotes cell proliferation and activates the transcription of a large number of crucial genes in 293T cells alone, in accordance with E1A protein. Subsequently, co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that both E1A and WDR68 bind to the small pocket domain of RB, and the interaction between E1A and RB does not depend on WDR68, indicating that the above effect induced by WDR68 and E1A is not involved in RB. Moreover, knock down of CtBP2, DYRK1B and FOXK1 in 293T cells without WDR68 significantly stimulates transcription of a few representative genes. These results suggested that binding of E1A to WDR68 contributes it's sequestering transcription corepressors CtBP2, DYRK1B and FOXK1 and activates transcription of cell cycle-related genes. Collectively, these findings show that WDR68 plays a central factor in cell cycle progress-regulated by E1A and might be a potential therapeutic target for adenovirus infection and adenovirus-related tumors in future studies.

Advances in sulfur isotope measurement techniques have led to increased analytical precision. However, accurate measurement of 36S remains a challenge, hindering research such as that focused on microbial metabolic processes. This difficulty arises partly from isobaric interferences of 36SF 5 + at m/z = 131 amu, namely 186WF 4 2+ and 12C 3F 5 + which lead to scale compression. Our study develops an interference-free four-sulfur isotope measurement method using the high-resolution mass spectrometer Panorama. Panorama’s peak scan showed that the relative intensity of 186WF 4 2+ was initially 9.4% of 36SF 5 + but was reduced to 1.5% through tuning, while the 12C 3F 5 + relative intensity dropped from 74% to 40% after flushing with air and continued to decrease over time. Theoretically, an unresolved isobaric interference with 2% relative intensity could cause a 1‰ underestimation in a sample with a real δ 36S value of +60‰. We analyzed three IAEA sulfur isotope standards. Recommended 36S values we obtained relative to IAEA-S-1 are Δ 36S IAEA-S-2 = 1.238 ± 0.040‰, and Δ 36S IAEA-S-3 = -0.882 ± 0.030‰. For cases where the interferences cannot be removed, we offer a calibration method to correct for the scale compression effect. This involves bracketing two or more IAEA standards in the sample measurement sequence and then extending the measured IAEA δ 36S values by a calibration factor to match the values reported in this study. Applying this calibration factor to the samples effectively corrects the scale compression effect.

A Rare Case of Fanconi Anemia with Mitomycin C sensitivityIntroduction-Fanconi anemia is a rare type of anemia whose incidence in India is 1 in 3,50,000(3). More prevalence is seen in the South African people. The Ashkenazi community is more likely to suffer from this illness. Compared to black South Africans, who have a carrier frequency of one in 40,000, Ashkenazi Jews have a disease carrier frequency of one in 89 (5). It is the most common inherited form of aplastic anemia. It is an autosomal recessive condition. The disease is evident due to chromosomal instability that affects the proteins involved in DNA Repair and regulation of cell cycle. This disorder has clinical manifestations related to skin, skeletal system, hematogical majorly. The management can be supportive and definite.CASE PRESENTATION-A referred case of a 6-year-old boy who was known to have Fanconi anaemia to SSG Hospital on 11/06/23. Six months before the admission, the patient went to Parul Hospital, Vadodara and made three visits ( in January, March and May ) in a span of six months. Every time, he was administered 2 units of 100 ml blood and the hemoglobin came to normal range after infusions. The private hospital then referred it to SSG Hospital, Vadodara. Initially, for five years the patient was asymptomatic and then this year the patient more frequently at night and with an intensifying dry cough, he started to feel unwell, and the patient was transported to a private hospital. The patient’s parents and two siblings remain unaffected. On general examination, the patient had considerable pallor on the tongue, mucosal linings, and nails, as well as generalised swelling in both the upper and lower limbs. He also had Mesomelia, low set ears, multiple hyperpigmented macules, Microcephaly, Micropthalmos, and thumb hypoplasia in both hands. The left kidney could not be felt when the abdomen was palpated, despite the fact that the testicles were bilaterally undescended and the abdomen was soft and non-tender. All developmental milestones have been attained by the patient. He has a history of PCV (Packed Cell Volume) transfusions from last six months.Investigations included differential WBC count and full blood count. The biochemical investigation (Table 1) reveals a normal urea level, normal thyroid function, and elevated C- reactive protein in addition to an aberrant liver profile (with elevated S.AST and S.ALT) and normal electrolytes. Also, the heamatological profile supported the patient’s pancytopenia as he has decreased Red blood cell count, platelet count and total WBC count. Even the patient’s Hb was below normal levels. The Red Cell Distribution Width was also more than normal levels due to premature release of immature cells into the bloodstream(7). A USG was performed, which revealed a right kidney with a somewhat dilated calyceal system and the absence of the left kidney in the left renal or iliac fossa. This is due to congenital agenesis of left kidney. The X-ray, revealed bilateral radial hypoplasia (Fig. 1) , which is a typical feature of Fanconi Anemia.

Social insects form complex societies with division of labor between different female castes. In most species, a single queen heads the colony; in others, several queens share the task of reproduction. These different social organizations are often associated with distinct queen morphologies and life history strategies and occur in different environments. In the ant Temnothorax rugatulus, two queen morphs - macrogynes and microgynes - exist associated with mono- and polygynous colonies, respectively, which occur at lower and higher elevations. We analyzed plastic changes in brain transcriptomes in response to the social environment in these queen morphs and their workers. We manipulated the number of queens over several weeks to investigate whether transcriptional activity is influenced by queen morph, social environment, or their interaction. Changes in gene expression in the queens’ brains in response to our manipulations were subtle and largely influenced by the interaction between social environment and queen morph, rather than independently by these factors. Macrogynes and microgynes thus adjust differently to their social environment. Similarly, worker transcriptomes were influenced by an interaction between behavioral type, i.e., nurses or foragers, and queen morph. Nurses differentially regulated genes related to nutrition depending on queen morph, suggesting a link between social environment and metabolic dynamics in ant colonies. Overall, our study shed light on how the social environment influences the molecular physiology of social insects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in this ant with two queen morphs, worker physiology depends on queen morph and their role in the colony.

Hydrogen and methanol are the primary fuels available for current fuel cells. The potential of methanol reforming systems to greatly improve productivity in chemical reactors has been limited, due in part, to the effect of mass transfer limitations on the production of hydrogen. There is a need to determine whether or not a microchannel reforming reactor system is operated in a mass transfer-controlled regime, and provide the necessary criteria so that mass transfer limitations can be effectively eliminated in the reactor. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the essential characteristics of mass transport processes in a microchannel reforming reactor and to develop criteria for determining mass transfer limitations. The reactor was designed for thermochemically producing hydrogen from methanol by steam reforming. The mass transfer effects involved in the reforming process were evaluated, and the role of various design parameters was determined for the thermally integrated reactor. In order to simplify the mathematics of mass transport phenomena, use was made of dimensionless numbers or ratios of parameters that numerically describe the physical properties in the reactor without units. The results indicated that the rate of the reforming reaction is limited by mass transfer near the entrance of the reactor and by kinetics further downstream, when the heat transfer in the autothermal system is efficient. There is not an effective method to reduce channel dimensions if the flow rate remains constant, or to reduce fluid velocities if the residence time is kept constant. The performance of the reactor can be greatly improved by means of proper design of catalyst layer thickness and through adjusting feed composition to minimize or reduce mass transfer limitations in the reactor. Finally, the criteria that can be used to distinguish between different mass transport and kinetics regimes in the reactor with a first-order reforming reaction were presented.Keywords: Fuel cells; Reactor design; Autothermal systems; Hydrogen production; Microchannel reactors; Steam reforming

A document by Luciana Bonatto. Click on the document to view its contents.

Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring element that has been greatly enriched in the environment by activities like mining and fossil fuel combustion. Despite commonalities in some CO2 and Hg emission sources, the implications of long-range climate scenarios for anthropogenic Hg emissions have yet to be explored. Here, we present comprehensive projections of anthropogenic Hg emissions (2020-2300) and evaluate impacts on global atmospheric Hg deposition. Projections are based on four shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) narratives ranging from sustainable reductions in resource and energy intensity to rapid economic growth driven by abundant fossil fuel exploitation. There is a greater than two-fold difference in cumulative anthropogenic Hg emissions between the lower-bound (110 Gg) and upper-bound (230 Gg) scenarios. Hg releases to land and water are approximately six times those of direct emissions to air (600-1470 Gg). At their peak, anthropogenic Hg emissions reach 2200-2600 Mg a-1 sometime between 2010 (baseline) and 2030, depending on the SSP scenario. Coal combustion is the largest determinant of differences in Hg emissions among scenarios. Decoupling of Hg and CO2 emissions sources occurs under low- to mid-range scenarios, though contributions from artisanal and small-scale gold mining remain uncertain. A projected future shift in speciation of Hg emissions toward lower gaseous elemental Hg (Hg0) and higher divalent Hg (HgII) will result in a higher fraction of locally-sourced Hg deposition. Projected re-emissions of previously deposited anthropogenic Hg follow a similar temporal trajectory to primary emissions, amplifying benefits of primary Hg emissions reductions under the most stringent mitigation scenarios.

A document by Vahid Aghayi. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: The prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be silent and can present with sudden death as the first manifestation of this disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate any association between reported physical symptoms with the presence of suspected HCM. Method: The Anthony Bates Foundation has been performing screening echocardiography across the United States for the prevention of sudden death since 2001. A total of 4,120 subjects between the ages of 6 and 79 underwent echocardiographic screening. We evaluated any association between any symptoms and suspected HCM defined as any left ventricular wall thickness ≥ 15 mm. Results: The total prevalence of suspected HCM in the entire study population was 1.1%. The presence of physical symptoms were not associated with HCM (chest pain in 4.3% of participant with HCM vs. 9.9% of the control, p=0.19, palpitation in 4.3% of participant with HCM vs. 7.3% of the control., p=0.41, shortness of breath in 6.4% of participant with HCM vs. 11.7% of the control., p=0.26, lightheadedness in 4.3% of participant with HCM vs. 13.1% of the control., p=0.07, ankle swelling in 2.1% of participant with HCM vs. 4.0% of the control., p=0.52, dizziness in 8.5% of participant with HCM vs. 12.2% of the control., p=0.44). Conclusion: Echocardiographic presence of suspected HCM is not associated with a higher prevalence of physical symptoms in the participants undergoing screening echocardiography. This finding confirmed that HCM can be asymptomatic in many patients and a questionnaire cannot distinguish the HCM population from a control group.

Introduction Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been well-known for its advantages in the past 10 years, but little is known regarding its oncologic outcomes while the technique is being developed at an institution. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of LH for patients with primary HCC at favorable locations during the development period. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with primary HCC that underwent hepatectomy between January 2013 and December 2019 at Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital. Patients with HCC at favorable locations (anterolateral segments) were collected and divided into laparoscopic and open hepatectomy (OH) groups. Long-term oncologic outcomes, including overall, and disease-free survival and postoperative short-term outcomes were analysed. Results The review included 159 patients, and among which 42 and 44 patients with HCC in favorable locations were underwent open and laparoscopic hepatectomies. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, major complication rate, and 90-day mortality rate. The laparoscopic group had a shorter postoperative hospital stay, and lower 90-day readmission rate. There were no significant differences in overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusion LH for favorably located HCC can stabilize the short-term outcome and long-term outcome during the development period.

Joint action (JA) is a continuous process of motor co-regulation based on the integration of contextual (top-down) and kinematic (bottom-up) cues from partners. The fine equilibrium between excitation and inhibition in sensorimotor circuits is, thus, central to such a dynamic process of action selection and execution. In a bimanual task adapted to become a unimanual JA task, the participant held a bottle (JA), while a confederate had to reach and unscrew either that bottle or another stabilized by a mechanical clamp (No_JA). Prior knowledge was manipulated in each trial such that the participant knew (K) or not (no_K) the target bottle in advance. Online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered at action-relevant landmarks to explore corticospinal excitability (CSE) and inhibition (cortical silent period - cSP). CSE was modulated early on before the action started, if prior information was available. In contrast, cSP modulation emerged later during the reaching action, regardless of prior information. These two indexes could thus reflect the concurrent elaboration of contextual priors (top-down) and the online sampling of partner’s kinematic cues (bottom-up). Furthermore, participants selected either one of two possible behavioural strategies, preferring early or late force exertion on the bottle. One translates into a reduced risk of motor coordination failure and the other into reduced metabolic expenditure. Each strategy was characterised by a specific excitatory/inhibitory profile. In conclusion, the study of excitatory/inhibitory balance paves the way for the neurophysiological determination of individual differences in the combination of top-down and bottom-up processing during JA coordination.