Rationale, aims and objectives: Lack of access to surgical care is a problem that disproportionately impacts rural America. This study reports a systematic literature review analyzing the relationship between medical student exposure to rural general surgery and the production of rural general surgeons. Method: We searched MEDLINE via PubMed (1966–2020), CINAHL, and ERIC for literature describing interventions to increase interest in rural surgery during medical school. Two authors independently reviewed the articles. Results: PubMed (1966–2018), CINAHL, and ERIC searches yielded a total of 2,573 articles. After completion of PRIMSA guidelines, one study was analyzed. The study demonstrated that medical students exposed to a rural surgery rotation were more likely to choose a rural surgical practice compared to those without the exposure (48% vs 18%). Conclusion: Exposure to rural surgery in medical school may be used within medical school education to increase the number of rural general surgeons in rural America.

Continual innovation to address emerging population needs necessitates health service ongoing redesign and transformation worldwide. Recent examples include service transformations in response to covid-19. Ensuring effective change management processes occur is central to delivering these transformative changes yet notoriously challenging. Recent evidence indicates that affective commitment to change amongst healthcare staff may be an important contributor to gaining support for change implementation but understudied in healthcare. Our analysis sought to examine the association between affective commitment to change and change readiness in projects across the New South Wales health system in Australia. Our findings indicate that affective commitment to change; healthcare worker’s emotional and personal perception of the value of the proposed change, is independently associated with individual and collective change readiness. Given that achieving change readiness is a central goal of change management strategies, this pilot work provides valuable insight to inform change management practices in healthcare contexts.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and is associated with renal function deterioration. The protective effects of catheter ablation (CA) of AF on the renal function in HCM patients remains unsolved. Methods: From 2009 to 2020, 169 consecutive patients with HCM and AF (age 70±12, 87 males) were retrospectively evaluated. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated at the study enrollment or one month before the CA and reevaluated three months and 12 months later. Results: Among the 169 patients, 63 underwent CA of AF (ablation group) and the remaining 106 did not (control group). After propensity score matching, 45 pairs were matched. The baseline eGFR was similar between the two groups (P=0.83). During a mean follow-up period of 34±27 months, sinus rhythm was maintained in 36 (80%) patients after 1.7±0.8 ablation procedures. The eGFR significantly decreased from baseline to three months (P<0.01) and from baseline to one year (P<0.01) in the control group, while the eGFR in the ablation group was maintained both from baseline to three months (P=0.94) and from baseline to one year (P=1.00) after the CA. The change in the eGFR between baseline and 12 months was significantly smaller in the ablation group than control group (P<0.01). After a logistic regression analysis, CA of AF was the independent predictor of an improvement of eGFR (OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.08-7.36 P=0.04). Conclusions: CA of AF had a protective effect on the renal function in patients with HCM.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), a heart condition, has been a well-researched topic for the past few decades. This multidisciplinary field of study deals with clinical procedures, signal processing, finite element analysis and mathematical modeling. This article is focused on a review of some journal articles published in the field of AF. From the age-old fundamental concepts to specialized modern techniques involved in today’s AF research have been discussed. It is found that quite a large number of research articles have already been published in modeling and simulation of AF. In comparison to that, the diagnosis and post-operative procedures for AF patients have not yet been totally understood or explored by the researchers. Simulation and modeling of AF have been investigated by many researchers in this field. Cellular model, tissue model, geometric model among others have been used to simulate AF. Due to a very complex nature, the causes of AF have not been fully perceived till date, but the simulated results are validated with real-life patient data. Many algorithms have been proposed to detect the source of AF in human atria. There are many ablation strategies for AF patients but the search for more efficient ablation strategies is still going on. AF management (like AF ablation, anti coagulation, risk-factor, etc.) for patients with different stages of AF has been discussed in the literature as well but is somehow limited mostly to the patients with persistent AF. This study will help to find existing research gaps in analysis and diagnosis of AF

Aims Corticosteroids are widely used in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). In addition, upgrading to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is sometimes needed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of corticosteroid use on the clinical outcomes following CRT upgrades. Methods A total of 48 consecutive patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathies who underwent CRT upgrades were retrospectively reviewed and divided into three groups: group 1 included CS patients taking corticosteroids before the CRT upgrade (n = 7), group 2, CS patients not taking corticosteroids before the CRT upgrade (n = 10), and group 3, non-CS patients (n = 31). The echocardiographic response, heart failure hospitalizations, and cardiovascular deaths were evaluated. Results The baseline characteristics during CRT upgrades exhibited no significant differences in the echocardiographic data between the three groups. After the CRT upgrade, responses regarding the ejection fraction (EF) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were significantly lower in CS patients than non-CS patients (ΔEF: group 1, 6.7% vs. group 2, 7.7% vs. group 3, 13.6%; p=0.039, ΔESV: 3.0 mL vs. -12.7 mL vs. -37.2 mL; p = 0.008). The rate of an echocardiographic response was lowest in group 1 (29%). There were, however, no significant differences in the cumulative freedom from a composite outcome among the three groups (p = 0.19). No cardiovascular deaths occurred in group 1. Conclusion CS patients taking corticosteroids before the CRT upgrade had lower echocardiographic responses but higher freedom rates from a composite endpoint. The timing of corticosteroid use would affect the clinical course following a CRT upgrade.

Abstract Objectives: The hypoglossal nerve (HN) represents an important stimulation target for treating obstructive sleep apnea. Here, we demonstrate use of diagnostic ultrasound to identify and track the HN, including its distal branches. Methods: Standard ultrasound imaging, supplemented with Doppler ultrasound, was used on five participants to identify the HN from its proximal aspect adjacent to the carotid artery to its branching in the submandibular space. Participants were between the ages of 21-25 and were imaged at the University of Washington. Results: We successfully imaged and tracked the HN, including the main distal branches, and identified relevant landmarks in all five participants. We observed the greatest variance in HN structure near the mandibular branch point, as well as variable manifestation of the first cervical spinal nerve. Conclusion: Diagnostic ultrasound, with Doppler, can identify and track the HN, including to its distal branches. This technique may improve surgical planning for head and neck procedures including the placement of stimulation devices for the HN.

A document by Milosz Pinkiewicz. Click on the document to view its contents.

Developing high-performance catalyst is of paramount for NO direct decomposition. Here, composite catalysts BaMnO3-CeO2 were designed and prepared by the one-pot method, which show high catalytic activity, oxygen resistance and durability. The NO conversion to N2 of 85.9% at 800 oC is achieved for 5%BaMnO3-CeO2. It exhibits 66.5% activity in the presence of 10 vol% O2 and runs stable for more than 200 h in 5 vol% O2 at 800 oC. The high performance is originated from the strong interaction between BaMnO3 and CeO2 components, where CeO2 can effectively inhibit the sintering of BaMnO3 particles, enhance the redox activity, mobility of lattice oxygen and NO sorption. The proposed catalytic mechanism based on diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and kinetic study reveals that the formation of N2O* intermediate species is the rate determining step. BaMnO3-CeO2 prepared by the one-pot method can be a promising catalyst candidate for NO direct decomposition.

The effective adsorption capture of iodine produced in the spent fuel reprocessing is an effective way to avoid the harm of iodine to the ecological environment and human health. In the investigation described herein, a new kind of shaped silicalite-1 all-silica zeolite with a binder which was for direct industrial application other than power was synthesized and tested for iodine adsorption performance. Although the existence of binder in shaped silicalite-1 all-silica zeolite, it still exhibited high iodine adsorption capacities of 507 mg g-1, which was superior to inorganic adsorbents such as silver-containing zeolite mainly used currently, and was comparable with that of power silicalite-1 reported previously. Moreover, the shaped silicalite-1 all-silica zeolite could be cyclic utilization due to its reversible adsorption. All these show that the shaped silicalite-1 all-silica zeolite provides the possibility for the application of iodine adsorption in industrial post-processing condition

The dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method is used to explore the aggregated distribution state and the interaction energy of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) (lactic acid/glucose/H2O)/Tween-20/methanol/ cyclohexane microemulsion system. The phase transformation point of the system is determined by combining the change of IFT value and aggregated distribution state, which is used to draw the simulated phase diagram of the microemulsion system. The results show as follows: Surfactants have a restrictive effect on the distribution of microemulsion components, and the increase in the proportion of surfactants gradually restricts the molecular movement of cyclohexane. When the surfactant mass fraction reaches the threshold of 56.25%, the properties of the system change qualitatively, and the cyclohexane/NADES microemulsion is formed. The interaction energy of methanol-Head group and cyclohexane-Tail group is the main driving force for the formation of the microemulsion system.

A document by Jennifer Talbott. Click on the document to view its contents.

Newly emerged sublineage 1.5 (NADC34-like) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has posed a direct threat to the Chinese pig industry since 2018. However, the prevalence and impact of NADC34-like PRRSV on Chinese pig farms is unclear. In the present study, we continuously monitored pathogens, including PRRSV, African swine fever virus (AFSV), classical swine fever (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), on seven fattening pig farms with strict biosecurity practices located in five provinces of China from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that multiple types of PRRSVs commonly coexisted on a single pig farm. NADC30-like PRRSV was the predominant strain on most pig farms. Importantly, NADC34-like PRRSV, detected during the period of peak mortality, was one of the predominant strains on one pig farm in northern China. Sequence alignment suggested that these strains shared the same 100-aa deletion in the Nsp2 protein as IA/2014/NADC34 isolated from the United States (U.S.) in 2014. Phylogenetic analysis based on open reading frame 5 (ORF5) showed that the genetic diversity of NADC34-like PRRSV on this farm was relatively singular, but it had a relatively high rate of evolution. Restriction fragment polymorphism pattern (RFLP) analysis showed that almost all ORF5 RFLPs were 1-7-4, with one 1-4-4. In addition, two complete genomes of NADC34-like PRRSVs were sequenced. Recombination analysis and sequence alignment demonstrated that both viruses, with 98.9% nucleotide similarity, were nonrecombinant viruses. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSV on a large-scale breeding farm in northern China for the first time. These results will help reveal the impact of NADC34-like PRRSV on Chinese pig farms and provide a reference for detection and further prevention and control of NADC34-like PRRSV.

Species niches may impact population and community stability by influencing average population sizes and species richness, however, niche-based approaches are rarely applied when studying stability in natural communities. Here we utilise a niche-based approach to link niche characteristics to community stability in 140 European butterfly communities. We represent niches as hyper-volumes and generate metrics for niche overlap, mismatch, and volume. Using structural equation modelling we then test five hypotheses linking niche and community characteristics to mechanisms influencing community stability. We find that the position of a site relative to the niches of the species pool predicts species richness, and that sites with species near the centre of their niche have higher mean abundance. We then show that niche position and size influence population stability, and species richness increases asynchrony which subsequently influences community stability. Our approach demonstrates that niches metrics are useful tools for understanding the dynamics of natural communities.

In this work, the effect of ultrasound on the kinetics of anti-solvent crystallization of sucrose was studied. The effect of temperature, stirring speed, supersaturation of sucrose solution and ultrasonic power on the anti-solvent crystallization of sucrose were investigated. The relationship between infrared spectral characteristic peak of sucrose and supersaturation was obtained by an online reaction analyzer. The results were shown that the crystallization time was decreased with the increase in the temperature and supersaturation. However, the shape of crystals was not changed by ultrasound. The nucleation rate was increased with the increase in the temperature and supersaturation. The stirring speed of 400 rpm with ultrasonic power was shown a significant effect on the nucleation rate. With the increase of ultrasonic power, the nucleation rate was shown to firstly increase and then decrease, and the growth rate firstly decreased and then increased. The experimental data was estimate

This study is based on statistical thermodynamics, considering the changes in water activity caused by gas dissolution, and deriving and summarizing four thermodynamic models. Based on the collected 150 experimental data points, the accuracy of the four thermodynamic models in predicting the phase equilibrium of methane, carbon dioxide, and ethane hydrate was compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that in the temperature range of 273.40K～290.15K, the Chen-Guo model is better than other thermodynamic models in predicting the phase equilibrium temperature of methane hydrate by using the Patel-Teja equation of state. In the temperature range of 273.36～283.3K, the John-Holder model uses the Peng-Robinson state to predict the phase equilibrium of carbon dioxide hydrate with the highest accuracy. In the temperature range of 273.68K to 287.6K, the Chen-Guo model is selected to predict the formation conditions of ethane hydrate with the highest accuracy.

The design and construction of hierarchical CoP/ZnCdS/Co3O4 quantum dots (QDs) (800>40>4.5 nm) bi-heterostructure cages as an ultrahigh-performance photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution with visible light is investigated. Three excellent photoactive materials that ZnCdS solid solution, high-conductivity CoP and high-efficiency Co3O4 QDs were integrated into a all-in-one bi-heterostructure cage architecture. Presence of the two high-efficiency electron-transfer pathways in CoP/ZnCdS/Co3O4 QDs can seriously facilitate the separation and migration of light-induced electrons while the unique structure also can offer large reaction surface and expose abundant active sites for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. Because of the distinctively compositional and structural merits, the hierarchical CoP/ZnCdS/Co3O4 QDs bi-heterostructure cages without introducing any cocatalysts exhibit ultrahigh activity and favorable stability for generation of high-purity hydrogen under visible light irradiation.

Tremella Fuciformis polysaccharides (TFP) is a natural macromolecular compound well-known for whitening, lipid and immunity regulation. To evaluate the effect of TFP on melanogenesis, lipid metabolism programmes and immune system of B16 cells in vitro and in vivo, the cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed; B16 cells treated with TFP were inoculated subcutaneously to explore the effect of TFP on B16 cells in vivo. WB, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining and transcription analysis of tumor were utilized to assess the expression of key molecules in melanin process, lipid metabolism and immunity. We found that TFP promoted the B16 apoptosis, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was associated with cell cycle pathways enrichment. As expected, TFP blocked melanogenesis in vivo and decrease Tyr mRNA and protein in vitro, and increase melanosome transport related mRNA in vivo. TFP induced the GLUT4 and CD36 with the resulting increase in the uptake of lipids, which suppressed SREBP1, p-AMPK drastically, increased lipid in cell membrane, ER and nucleus; as well as raise lipid metabolism related RNA-seq prolife in vivo. More lipid binding, upregulated lipid storage, and elevated triglyceride and lipid catabolism resulted in disruption of cell volume homeostasis and activated innate immune response, thus inhibited melanoma development and progression. These data reveals a novel molecular mechanism involved in TFP antitumor effect, through lipid metabolism.

Background and Purpose: Long-term Ultraviolet (UV) exposure can cause inflammation, pigmentation, and photoaging damage.Retinoic acid drugs are commonly used RAR agonists in the clinical treatment of UV-induced skin problems, but the use of such drugs is often accompanied by some systemic adverse reactions caused by nonspecific activation of RARs. Therefore, this study is expected to screen a novel RAR-γ selective agonist with high safety Experimental Approach: Molecular docking, dynamic simulation and Biacore were used to screen and obtain a novel RAR- γ selective agonists. RT‐PCR , ELISA, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and proteome analysis were used to detect the effects of novel RAR-γ selective agonists on UV-induced inflammation and photoaging cell model. UV-induced mouse models and volunteer skin tests were used to evaluate the effects of TEC on skin repair, aging and inflammation. Key Results: TEC is a novel RAR-γ selective agonist. TEC can inhibit UV-induced oxidative damage, inflammatory factor release, and MMPs production. TEC can also reverse the loss of collagen induced by UV. The results of signaling pathway research showed that TEC mainly affect the MAPK/JNK/AP-1 pathway. Nanoparticle-loaded TEC, which significantly improved the effect of TEC, was also presented. TEC can reduce inflammation areas and facial wrinkles and caused less skin irritation than tretinoid (TRE). Conclusions and Implications: TEC is a non-retinol RAR-γ selective agonist, which can inhibit UV-induced skin damage and may be developed as a safe pharmaceutical component for the prevention of photoaging and skin inflammation.

Background and Purpose Inflammation and lipid accumulation are key events in atherosclerosis progression. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been reported to prevent vascular restenosis by promoting smooth muscle apoptosis and rapid initialization. However, its specific role and mechanism underlying its role in atherosclerosis remain unknown. Herein, we evaluated whether ATO suppresses atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. Experimental Approach ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 3 months and treated with ATO every alternate day for 30 days. The carotid artery and serum samples were collected to determine atherosclerotic lesion size, histological features, and related protein and lipid profiles. In vitro, RAW264.7 or THP-1 cells were stimulated using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or LPS to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptosis effects of ATO. Key Results ATO reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation and plasma lipid levels in ApoE-/- mice. Additionally, it reduced the levels of various pro-inflammatory factors, including IL-6 and TNFα, in the serum and aortic plaques, but increased the IL-10 level. Mechanistically, ATO promotes the CD36-mediated internalization of ox-LDL, which may explain the reduction in blood lipid levels. Further, ATO reduced TLR4 expression in plaques and macrophages and inhibited LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation and IκB-α degradation. Conclusion and Implications ATO has the potential atheroprotective effects, especially in macrophages. The mechanisms include inhibition of CD36-mediated foam cell formation, inflammatory responses, and pyroptosis via the suppression of TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 activation. Our findings provide evidence for the potential atheroprotective value of ATO.

Objective: To assess the sealing effect of a Magnetic-Sealing Uterine Manipulator (MUM) in isolated uterus. Design: Non - intervention study. Setting: This study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from November 2019 to April 2021. Population: Patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent radical laparotomy hysterectomy. Methods: The MUM closure test (group 2) and the control test (right-angle forceps closure tests, group 1 and 3) were carried out in an isolated uterus. Main outcome measure: DNA ploidy analysis system was used to analyze the exfoliated cells. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test to assess the sealing effect of MUM. Results: We identified 36 patients. None regional node metastasis was found in all cases and only one of their tumors was larger than 4.0 cm. The mean numbers of exfoliated tumor cells in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 1, 1, and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in the number of exfoliated cells between group 1 and group 3 (p=0.476). We merged the results of group 1 and 3. Furthermore, there was significant difference between right-angle forceps closure tests and MUM closure test (p=0.022). Conclusion: The sealing effect for MUM was better than the right-angle forceps. The MUM can effectively seal the cervical cancer cells in the cup cover and avoid the dissemination of tumor cells.

Background: Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction which can have a detrimental impact on quality of life (QoL). There are no validated scales to measure the impact of anaphylaxis on QoL of adults. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the reliability and validity of a QoL scale for adults with anaphylaxis (the A-QoL-Adults). Methods: Interviews were conducted with 13 adults with anaphylaxis; data was analysed using thematic analysis to extract items for a QoL scale. A 28-item prototype QoL scale was then completed by 115 participants (with a confirmed diagnosis of anaphylaxis as per the WAO diagnostic criteria) alongside validated scales to measure generic QoL (WHOQoL BREF), anxiety and depression (HADS) and stress (PSS). All participants were recruited from a specialist allergy clinic. Results: After factor analysis, the A-QoL-Adults scale was reduced to 21 items which had excellent internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0.96). Factor analysis produced 3 sub-scales: Emotional Impact; Social Impact; Limitations on Life. Each had excellent internal reliability (0.92; 0.92; 0.91 respectively). Poorer anaphylaxis-related QoL (total A-QoL-Adults score and sub-scale scores) correlated significantly with poorer general QoL and greater anxiety, depression and stress (all p<0.01 with medium to large effect sizes). Conclusions: The A-QoL-Adults scale is a reliable measure of QoL in adults with anaphylaxis and shows good construct validity. It will offer healthcare professionals a means to further understand the impact of anaphylaxis on adult patients and could help direct and monitor clinical care and the need for further psychological intervention.

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic inflammatory disease with annoying symptoms. It has serious impacts on quality of lives, and affects economic growth indirectly. Children are more susceptible to allergic rhinitis, and the prevalence of it in children is 25% worldwide. However, effect of air pollution on the incidence of allergic rhinitis in children controversial. We aim to investigate the association between air pollution and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Chinese children. Methods We studied 160356 students aged 0-18 years old, in China, who completed a questionnaire about the accuracy of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), and who reported the average concentrations of air pollutants. The primary outcome was the prevalence of allergic rhinitis. We investigated the association between the air pollution and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Chinese children. We further examined this association, combing ISAAC data with data for concentrations of various air pollutants reported from 11 multinational prospective studies in a meta-analysis. Finally, we evaluated whether the different air pollutants affected morbidity rate. Results A total of 11 articles including 160356 Chinese children were included in this review. The difference in the effect of SO 2 exposure on the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis was found to be statistically significant (OR combined = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.05], P = 0.010), and the effect of NO 2 exposure on the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis was statistically significant (OR combined = 1.11, 95% CI [1.05, 1.18], P = 0.0006). The effect of PM 10 exposure on the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis was statistically significant (OR combined = 1.02, 95% CI [1.01, 1.03], P < 0.001), the effect of PM 2.5 exposure on the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis was statistically significant (OR combined = 1.15, 95% CI [1.03, 1.29], P = 0.02), and the effect of O 3 exposure on the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis was not statistically significant (OR combined = 0.98, 95% CI [0.67, 1.41], P = 0.13). Conclusions Among the air pollutants, NO 2, SO 2, PM 2.5 and PM 10 are associated with the incidence of allergic rhinitis in Chinese children, and PM 2.5 has the highest correlation with the incidence of it. Some research reports found PM 2.5 could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in human nasal epithelial cells, which could lead to rhinitis inflammatory diseases.

Consumption of tomato products has long been associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases. The problems of keeping tomatoes fresh led to their processing. This transformation generates by-products which constitute a pollution problem and require recovery. To reduce the environmental pollution caused by these tomato by-products, many ways of valorization are proposed. The objective of this study is to summarize the work of technological, nutritional and therapeutic valorization of tomato seeds and peels. Studies were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science published on tomato and tomato by-products. Several documents were found, a hundred are analyzed but 84 were cited. Thus the skins and the seeds of tomato are made up of lipid, protein, carbohydrate and mineral elements. The seeds are rich in oil composed mainly of unsaturated fatty acids. Vitamin C, β-carotene and tocopherols are also found in these by-products. The skin in addition to its diversified mineral composition, is rich in antioxidant compounds. The major antioxidant compounds are polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and mainly lycopene. They are therefore rich in secondary metabolites and exert significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and are thought to prevent cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. These by-products can therefore be used as nutraceuticals or to fortify foods to obtain functional foods at low cost. They can also be used as food supplements in achieving food security. It would therefore be necessary to assess the digestibility of its by-products and to optimize the bioavailability of their secondary metabolites.

Many bird species depend on wetlands and their environs. However, the status of these wetlands, as well as their biodiversity, is poorly understood and maintained. From January to February 2021, researchers assessed the compositions, relative abundances, and distributions of bird species throughout five wetland habitats in the East Gojjam Zone. In each study site, systematic random sampling techniques were applied at a 4 km interval along the wetland ecosystems. Bray-and Curtis cluster analysis was analyzed using PAST Software. During the study period, Simpson's Index and Shannon-Weiner were also used to assess the variety of bird species at various study sites. As a result, a total, a total of 55 bird species from 20 families and 9 orders were identified. During the study period, 49 species were classified as least concern, two were critically endangered species, two were vulnerable species, two were endangered species, and one was an endemic species. During the investigation, overgrazing and agricultural expansion were identified as risks to biodiversity. To conserve the biological richness of these ecosystems, a wetland conservation strategy and a sustainable usage system are required.