Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been consistently described with milder clinical outcomes compared to adults. However, data pertaining to the clinical evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cancer remain scarce. In this descriptive cohort study, we report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 31 pediatric oncology patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the province of Quebec, Canada. Most patients were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms, with only 2 COVID-19-related hospitalizations and no COVID-19-related deaths. The favorable outcomes in our cohort may be explained by Quebec's universal access to health care and regionalization of pediatric oncology care in tertiary centers exclusively.

In this study, we prepared SrR2O4+δ (SRO, R=Y, Yb, Gd, Sm) of brownmillerite structure. Among the four n-type SRO semiconductors, SYO is the most negative in conduction band and the smallest in band gap. As a result, the SYO-based SOFC can offer a maximum power density (MPD) of 1.03W/cm-2 at 800°C, which is higher than that based on the other three SRO oxides. The introduction of larger Sr2+ at the B sites of Sr1+xY2-xO4+δ [SYO(x)] causes decrease of band gap, resulting in a 4-fold increase of electronic conductivity. The foreign Sr2+ creates surface oxygen vacancies to boost interfacial transport. The measurement of oxygen transport reveals that SYO(0.10) exhibits a bulk diffusion coefficient 500 folds higher than that of LSM. An anode supported Ni-YSZ|YSZ|SYO(0.10)-60YSZ DA-SOFC yields an MPD of 0.24W/cm2 at 600°C and 1.21 W/cm2 at 800°C with remarkable stability, about 1.73- and 1.29-folds higher than that of LSM-based SOFC, respectively.

A heat pipes-cooled thermoelectric cooling channel structure is proposed and the thermodynamic model is established based on the finite-time thermodynamics theory. With refrigeration flux and the coefficient of performance (COP) as the performance indexes, the influence of key operating parameters such as working current and inlet temperature and design parameters such as thermoelectric module parameters and heat pipe parameters on the cooling performance of the device is analyzed by numerical simulation. In addition, this paper also compares the refrigeration performance of the heat pipe-cooled thermoelectric cooling channel and the air-cooled thermoelectric cooling channel under the same working conditions. The results show that the maximum refrigeration flux and maximum COP of the heat pipe-cooled thermoelectric cooling channel are 0.517 “W∙” 〖“cm” 〗^“-2” and 1.245, respectively. The results are 154.60 % and 42.30 % higher than those of the air-cooled thermoelectric cooling channel.

Laryngeal cancer is the second most common head and neck cancer worldwide, which has been considering a serious global health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality. Tumour risk factors include the DNA repair gene polymorphisms, but their contribution for metastasis and/or second primary tumour development has been seldom investigated. Objective (s): The present study evaluated the possible association between the DNA repair gene polymorphisms and laryngeal cancer risk, metastasis and/or second primary tumour in a hospital-based case-control study that comprised 149 laryngeal cancer patients and 448 controls from Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Design: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes XRCC1 (Arg194Trp; Arg399Gln), XPD (Lys751Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) were analysed by TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Results: The heterozygous genotype (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.96) as well as the mutated homozygous genotype (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.13-0.66) of XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) decreased the laryngeal cancer risk, even though none of the genes polymorphisms was associated with metastasis and/or second primary tumour development. Conclusion: The determination of the XRCC1 (399Gln) genotype might be applied as a molecular predictor of laryngeal cancer among individuals who are highly exposed to cigarette smoking carcinogens and improve the prognostic of the disease.

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a high grade neoplasm typically diagnosed in older adults and localized to the extremities or retroperitoneum. Poor response to therapy with high rates of recurrence confer this neoplasm a poor prognosis. This report of cecal UPS in a 12-year-old is rare due to the patient’s age and tumor location. Only two other cases of pediatric UPS located in the intestinal tract have been reported.

Aims Recurrence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) remains a big challenge in uremic patients who underwent total parathyroidectomy with auto-transplantation (tPTX-AT). However, the relationship between perioperative intervention and recurrence of SHPT remains unclear. Dexmedetomidine has been used safely and effectively in uremic patients’ anesthesia. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on the recurrence of SHPT and speculate the possible mechanism of action. Methods Records of patients who underwent tPTX-AT between 2017 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The study consisted of patients who received dexmedetomidine intra-operatively and the controls were patients who did not receive dexmedetomidine. The primary endpoint was the difference in the recurrence of SHPT one year after surgery between the two groups. The secondary endpoint was health-related quality of life scores. Analysis included propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression. Results Of 354 patients, 133 had received dexmedetomidine intraoperatively, and the total recurrence rate of SHPT was 10.2%. After propensity score matching, patients who received dexmedetomidine had a 3.80-fold decreased risk of SHPT recurrence (odds ratio, 0.263; 95% confidence interval, 0.081 to 0.854; P=0.026) and exhibited a better quality of life in terms of physical functioning and general health, and less emotional role limitations compared with those in control group. Conclusion In uremic patients who received tPTX-AT, there was an association between dexmedetomidine use and decreased risk of SHPT recurrence. However, further studies are needed to accurately assess the effects and mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine on the prognosis of this population.

Objective: To compare the survival rates in advanced ovarian cancer patients undergoing Primary Debulking Surgery (PDS) and Interval Debulking Surgery (IDS). Moreover, to compare the different radical procedures performed and perioperative morbidities in advanced ovarian cancer patients in both PDS and IDS groups. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL). Population: 102 advanced ovarian cancer patients. Methods: From the UHL register, we identified 102 advanced ovarian cancer patients that underwent cytoreductive surgery from January 1, 2015-January 1-2020. The demographic criteria, radical procedures, perioperative morbidities and survival rates were analysed and compared. Main outcome measures: 1-year, 5-year overall survival, 1-year and 5-year progression free. Results: The 1-year and 5-year overall survival rates in FIGO stage 3c advanced ovarian cancer patients were significantly higher in the PDS group (92.3% and 38.6%) in contrast to IDS patients (91.2% and 67.5%). The 1-year and 5-year progression free survival rates of stage 3c and 4 were significantly higher in patients who underwent PDS (77.8% and 26.9%) in comparison to patients who underwent IDS (61.4%, and 13.2%). Surgical complexity was higher in PDS patients; however, the perioperative morbidities were acceptable. Conclusions: PDS was associated with higher survival rates than IDS in advanced ovarian cancer patients when high complete cytoreductive rates are achieved despite being associated with higher surgical complexity. Advanced ovarian cancer patients should be offered PDS instead of NACT if fit for surgery. Funding: None Tweetable Abstract: PDS should be offered to advanced ovarian cancer patients if fit for surgery.

Objective: To assess the characteristics and evaluate the outcomes of women who failed to respond to cervical ripening with prostaglandins. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis (2012-2018) of all women with singleton gestation who underwent induction of labor, due to post-date pregnancy, with a slow-release prostaglandin-E2 vaginal insert for cervical ripening. Overall, 1285 women were divided into 2 groups: a) responders - 1,202 (93.54%) - achieved ripening within 24 hours ; b) non-responders- 83 (6.46%) – did not achieve cervical ripening within 24 hours. Characteristics and outcomes were compared between the groups. Primary outcome was defined as vaginal delivery rate following ripening process. Secondary outcomes were defined as composite adverse maternal and adverse neonatal outcomes. A model combining maternal characteristics and response rates to ripening was constructed as well. Results: In comparison to non-responders, responders achieved higher rates of vaginal delivery (96.51% vs. 66.27%, p<0.001). They also had lower rates of adverse maternal outcomes (12.81% vs. 24.10%, p=0.031) and of neonatal respiratory adverse outcomes (1.33% vs. 6.02%, p=0.009). The responders were also younger (30.03 vs 31.73, p=0.005), and less nulliparous (76.92% vs 50.99%, p<0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that failure to achieve a cervical ripening is an independent risk factor for intrapartum cesarean delivery due to failure to progress in labor (aOR 11.90, 95% CI 6.13-23.25). Conclusion: Women who achieve cervical ripening with PROPESS are younger, and more often multiparous. This group is associated with lower rates of intrapartum cesarean delivery and adverse outcomes.

Objective: Describe the “patient experience” regarding care provided during the surgical management of a loss of pregnancy in the first trimester and identify the factors influencing this experience. Design: Analytical observational prospective study. Setting: Two main, academic, maternity wards in Lyon, France, carrying out 8,500 deliveries per year. Population: Adult female patients, speaking French, having undergone a curettage for a loss of pregnancy in the first trimester from 24 December 2020 to 13 June 2021. Methods: The “patient experience” was assessed using the 15 questions of the Picker Patient Experience (PPE-15) questionnaire, and research was conducted on factors influencing the patient experience. Main outcome measures: Percentage of patients reporting a problem in response to at least one of the PPE-15 questions. Results: 58 out of 79 patients (73% CI [62-83]) reported at least one problem with their care. The largest proportion of problems was raised in question about “Opportunity for family/loved ones to talk to the doctor” (76% CI [61-87]). The lowest proportion of problems was raised in question about “Treated with respect and dignity” (8% CI [3-16]). No factors influencing the patient experience were identified. Conclusions: The main areas of improvement reported by patients identified were the participation of their family/relatives and the emotional support provided by the healthcare workers team. Funding: None. Keywords: Patient experience, loss of pregnancy, Picker Patient Experience, suction curettage. Tweetable abstract: Better communication with patient families and emotional support could improve patient experience during the surgical management of a loss of pregnancy

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been detected in pigs worldwide and associated with several clinical signs. To investigate the genetic diversity of PCV3 strains circulating in Canada, 44 PCV3 positive samples from Saskatchewan (2/44), Manitoba (2/44), Quebec (4/44), Alberta (11/44) and Ontario (25/44) submitted to diagnostic laboratories in Canada between 2019 and 2021 were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of capsid genes showed that all of the 44 Canadian strains classified into PCV3a and segregated into seven lineages with common amino acid changes observed at A24V, R27K, N56D, T77S, Q98R, L150I (F) and R168K positions. Future studies are required to determine whether the polymorphisms in capsid proteins, as revealed in this study, could be associated with differences in the pathogenicity or antigenicity of PCV3 strains. This is the first phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 strains among different provinces in Canada.

This study investigates the biogas production from cattle manure in a combined microbial electrolysis cell and anaerobic digestion system (MEC+AD). The MEC+AD reactors were operated on semi continuous mode under different voltage applications and different organic loading rates varying from 7 g VS/L.d to 30 g VS/L.d. The study was carried out in two parts. In the first part, combined MEC+AD system and conventional anaerobic digestion were compared in terms of biogas production and organic removal performances at hydraulic retention times of 5, 4, and 3 days to see the effects of voltage application. In the second part, MEC+AD reactors were operated under different voltage applications (0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 V) and organic loading rates at constant hydraulic retention time of 2 days. In terms of biogas production and organic removal rate, MEC+AD reactors were superior to anaerobic control reactor owing to the voltage application. The biogas production of MEC+AD reactors increased from 1.75 to 5.13 L/L/d (71.6-77.8 % CH4) with the increase in organic loading rate. On the other hand, the highest methane yield (0.217 L/g VS) was observed at the lowest organic loading rate of 6.72 g VS/L/d at 5 days hydraulic retention time. The effect of different voltages was not significant in the reactors due to the similar biogas productions and organic removal rates. MEC+AD reactors still operated efficiently even at the highest organic loading rate of 30 g VS/L/d without any instability problem.

Carcinogenesis is one of the leading health concerns afflicting presumably every single animal species, including humans. Currently, cancer research expands considerably beyond medicine, becoming a focus in other branches of natural science. Accumulating evidence suggests that a proportional scale of tumor deaths involves domestic and wild animals and poses economical or conservation threats to many species. Therefore, understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms of cancer initiation and its progression is essential for our future action and contingent prevention. From this perspective, I used an evolutionary-based approach to re-evaluate the baseline for debate around Peto’s paradox. I discuss in detail an effect of body mass in cancer research and the importance of cell size in consideration of body architecture; and finally, I note the necessity of broader ecological attempt in studies of carcinogenesis. The weak points and limitations of theoretical modeling or indirect reasoning based on intraspecific, comparative studies are highlighted. The novelty of the approach proposed therein lies in intraspecies testing of the effect of differentiation of cell size/number on the probability of carcinogenesis while controlling for the confounding effect of body mass/size.

Introduction – Congenital hepatopulmonary fusion (HPF) is a rare anomaly characterized by a fusion between the liver and lung parenchyma. HPF cases have been scarcely reported in the literature. Methods - An extensive search of publications was performed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases without a time limit. Results – In total, 34 clinical case reports were found in the literature, and a study by the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Study Group reported data on 10 patients with HPF. Of these 44 infants, 20 were male, 20 were female, and four were reported without gender specification. Nineteen (43.2%) patients required intubation on the first day of life. Six (13.6%) patients had their clinical presentation during the first year of life, and four (9%) clinically presented with HPF between 2.5 and 11 years old. In these patients, cough, asthma-like symptoms, dyspnea, hemoptysis, right-side chest pain, respiratory infections and pneumonia were the relevant clinical signs. Right-lung vascular anomalies were present in 18 (40.9%) patients. A complete liver and lung separation was successful in 17 (38.6%) patients. The overall survival was 56.8%. Conclusion – Congenital HPF has no gender predominance. In most cases, it behaves similar to a right CDH in need of resuscitation and intubation after birth. The majority of the cases are discovered during the surgical procedure for CDH. The best surgical approach has not been established and depends on the degree of fusion and vascular anomalies. An advanced imaging assessment is necessary before a surgical approach is attempted. The prognosis is ominous.

In this paper, we analyze a predator-predator-parasite model, which considers prey subjected to predator fear effect and two modes of harvesting (cooperation hunting by predators and artificial harvesting of prey). Firstly, mathematical analysis of the model with regard to the non-negativity, boundedness of solutions, stability of equilibria, permanence, backward bifurcation and Hopf-bifurcation of the model are analyzed. Secondly, we obtain some numerical simulation results: we conduct extensive numerical simulations to explore the roles of fear effect and other biologically related parameters (e.g. disease transmission rate of prey, hunting cooperation and artificial harvesting), we find that low levels fear and hunting cooperation can stabilize the eco-epidemiological system, and low level artificial harvesting will produce chaotic oscillations, but high level artificial harvesting will stabilize the eco-epidemiological system. In reality, we should protect vulnerable species from fear and cooperation hunting by predators, because decrease in the number of vulnerable species may lead to decrease in species diversity. Moreover, artificial harvesting of species with certain economic value is generally carried out (such as fish populations). However, if the species density is too low, the chaotic oscillation of the population is dangerous to the survival of the population, increasing the probability of population extinction, and it is impossible to obtain a constant yield from the fluctuating population. Therefore, it is desirable to promote the overall stable equilibrium state of the system by artificial harvesting. In addition, it is also observed the presence of disease in an ecosystem can promote stable coexistence of species.

In this research work the stability for neutral stochastic functional integro differential delay systems (NSFIDDSs) with impulses driven by fractional Brownian motion (fBm). The supremum norm, It$\hat{o}$’s formula in stochastic settings in infinite dimensional space and M\”{o}nch fixed point theorem are effectively utilized to derive the result. The novelties of this research are listed as (i) the work space is not $\mathcal{R}$ but the abstract Banach space $\mathcal{E}$. (ii) the nonlinear function $f$ is not necessary jointly continuous and satisfies some weaker assumptions. (iii) the property of Hausdroff measure of noncompactness (HMNC) is adopted to prove the relatively compactness conditions. Finally, an example is demonstrated to illustrate the applicability of the obtained theoretical results.

The inverse problem of determining the energy-temperature relation a(t) and the heat conduction relation k(t) functions in the one-dimensional integro–differential heat equation are investigated. The direct problem is the initial-boundary problem for this equation. The integral terms have the time convolution form of unknown kernels and direct problem solution. As additional information for solving inverse problem, the solution of the direct problem for $x = x_0$; $x = x_1$ are given. At the beginning an auxiliary problem, which is equivalent to the original problem is introduced. Then the auxiliary problem is reduced to an equivalent closed system of Volterra-type integral equations with respect to unknown functions. Applying the method of contraction mappings to this system in the continuous class of functions, we prove the main result of the article, which is a local existence and uniqueness theorem of inverse problem solutions.

Background Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is a core skill required of all doctors. Despite this, ECG interpretation remains suboptimal among medical students and doctors in clinical practice. This study assessed the impact of a short period of ECG teaching provided to medical students on completion of their academic curriculum. The primary outcome was the impact on students’ knowledge. The secondary outcome was the impact on confidence in ECG interpretation. Methods and Results Prospective cohort study of the impact of 2 hours of ECG teaching delivered by Cardiology trainees to final year medical students. Standardised 10 question examinations were given before and after the session. Questionnaires were given to assess confidence in ECG interpretation. Of 150 students who received teaching, 141 completed the pre-course examination and 139 completed the post-course examination (mean age 25.1 years; 55.5% female; 81.1% undergraduate). There was a statistically significant improvement in results after the course (p <0.001). The improvement was most significant in the assessment of heart rate and STEMI identification. Thirty-nine students completed feedback questionnaires. There was a statistically significant improvement in confidence in ECG interpretation (p <0.001). Conclusions This study showed an improvement in both ECG knowledge and confidence in ECG interpretation following 2 hours of teaching. The assessment of simple concepts such as heart rate improved more significantly than complex concepts such as conduction abnormalities. Our findings suggest a benefit from dedicated ECG revision programmes to enhance ECG knowledge and confidence in ECG interpretation.

Desensitization (DS) protocols have empirically established their efficacy and safety in eliminating most of the hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to drugs and other allergens. It is well established that these molecules can otherwise be lethal, for some patients, when singularly administered at therapeutic doses. These binding events and the subsequent signaling cascades have been extensively modulated by different DS methods, without any clear explanation as to why it is necessary to use increasing allergen doses. A signal processing approach is used in this Letter to introduce aliasing as the erroneous detection of higher drug doses responsible for DS procedures.

Background: Many cytogenetic changes and gene mutations are associated with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) survival outcomes. CD56 is related to poor prognosis when expressed in adult AML. The prognostic value of CD56 in children with AML has rarely been reported. Procedure: To evaluate the prognostic value of CD56 in childhood AML, multicentric retrospective study included 224 paediatric patients in two hospitals between January 2015 and April 2021. Results: The median (range) age was 75 (8-176) months, and the median follow-up time was 31 months. There was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival rate between the CD56-positive and CD56-negative groups (78.4% vs. 73.3%, P=0.496). For patients who received haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival rate between the CD56-positive and CD56-negative groups (59% vs. 63.9%, P=0.922). Multivariate analysis showed that CD56 positivity was not an independent prognostic factor for childhood AML (hazard ratio 0.85, P=0.648). Furthermore, in children with AML, CD56 positivity was more likely to be associated with the CBFβ-MYH11 mutation and mixed lineage leukaemia gene rearrangement. Conclusions: In summary, we demonstrated that CD56 cannot be used as a factor to predict the prognosis of children with AML.

Objective. To determine the ability of the back-scratch test during early second trimester of pregnancy to predict the odd of caesarean section and the need of oxytocin administration to induce or stimulate labour. Design. Longitudinal study. Population or sample: Pregnant women from the GESTAFIT Project (n=157). Main Outcome Measures. Maternal upper-body flexibility was assessed at 16th gestational week through the back-scratch test. Type of birth and oxytocin administration was registered from the obstetric medical records. Results. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the back-scratch test was able to discriminate between vaginal and caesarean section deliveries (area under the curve [AUC]=0.672 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.60-0.77, p=0.002)). The AUC to establish the ability of the back-scratch test to detect the need of oxytocin administration was 0.682 (95% CI:0.59-0.78, p=0.001). In the adjusted model, a back-scratch test score <4.1 centimetres was associated to ~4 times greater increased odd ratio of having a caesarean section (95% CI:1.7-10.2, p=0.002). A back-scratch test score <3.6 centimetres was associated to ~5 times greater increased odd ratio of requiring exogenous oxytocin administration (95% CI:2.0-11.6, p=0.001). Conclusion. The back-scratch test discriminates pregnant women with greater risk of caesarean section from those with a vaginal delivery, and among those that will require oxytocin from those that will not. The early identification of pregnant women who fail to meet the suggested standards can help to easily, quickly and cheaply identify these relevant birth-related complications in order to initiate preventive strategies. Keywords. Pregnant woman, upper-body flexibility, labour, obstetric risk.

Objective: To explore maternal humoral immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the rate of vertical transmission. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: Two university-affiliated medical centers in Israel. Population: Women positive for SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) test, during pregnancy were enrolled just prior to delivery. Methods: Levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-IgM, spike-IgG and nucleocapsid-IgG were tested in maternal and cord blood at delivery, and neonatal nasopharyngeal swabs were subjected to PCR testing. Main outcomes measures: The primary endpoint was the rate of vertical transmission, defined as either positive neonatal IgM, positive neonatal IgG with sero-negative mother or positive neonatal PCR. Results: Among 72 women, 36 (50%), 39 (54%) and 30 (42%) were positive for anti-spike-IgM, anti-spike-IgG and anti-nucleocapsid-IgG, respectively (p<0.0001 for IgG antibodies-comparison). At least 8/72 (11%) neonates were infected in utero; one had a positive PCR result and seven had positive IgG antibodies while their mothers were seronegative for the same IgG. IgM was not detected in cord blood. Anti-nucleocapsid-IgG and anti-spike-IgG were detected in 83% and 85% of neonates of seropositive mothers, respectively (Pearson coefficient correlation 0.8, p<0.001). The highest rate of positive maternal serology tests was 8-12 weeks post-infection (89% anti-spike IgG, 78% anti-spike-IgM and 67% anti-nucleocapsid-IgG). Thereafter, the rate of positive serology tests declined gradually; at 20 weeks post-infection, only anti-spike-IgG was detected in 33-50%. Conclusions: The rate of vertical transmission was at least 11%. Vaccination should be considered 3 months post-infection in pregnant women due to a decline in antibody levels.

Aim: To cross-culturally validate the ABC taxonomy into Portuguese for Portugal and Brazil without questioning its original meaning. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify published taxonomy terms and definitions in Portuguese, and to identify experts in medication adherence. Initial mapping of terms and definitions retrieved was scrutinized by the research team to build an e-survey. The e-survey was first piloted and then sent to experts in both countries seeking consensus using a three-round Delphi technique. Consensus was defined as ≥ 85% for the first round and ≥75% for the second. Terms with agreement lower than 10% were dropped between rounds. In the final round, terms and definitions reaching agreement between 50-75% were classified as moderate agreement and above 75% as strong agreement. Results: A total of 778 studies were identified and 84 included, enabling the extraction of 154 terms and 32 definitions. In the first-round 164 experts participated, 115 in the second-round and 99 in the third round. Strong consensus was obtained in Portugal for six terms and five definitions and moderate consensus for one term and two definitions. In Brazil, strong consensus was obtained for five terms and definitions and moderate consensus for two terms and definitions. Conclusion: A unified ABC taxonomy in Portuguese was possible to develop and validate for use in Portugal and in Brazil. Its use will harmonise and standardise the terms and definitions used in clinical practice and research.

Though there are several commercial chromatographic systems for protein purification, development of cost-effective 3H-grade (high activity, high purity, and high activity) purification approaches is highly demanded. Here, we establish a methodology for encapsulating the IM7-displaying yeast cells in calcium alginate beads. Taking advantage of the biomaterial-based affinity chromatography, cost-effective purification of proteins with over 90% purity in a single-step is achieved. Moreover, our system is applied to coat multienzyme complex, leading to reusable biomaterials for high-efficient biocatalysis. Taken together, the present method has great application potential not only in the laboratory but also in industry for production of protein products.

Boer goats, as kemp in meat-type goats, are selected and bred from African indigenous goats under a long period of artificial selection. Their advantages in multiple economic traits, particularly their plump growth, have attracted worldwide attention. Here, we displayed the wide-genome selective sweep of South Africa indigenous goat (AF), African Boer (BH), and Australian Boer (AS) to investigate the hereditary basis of artificial selection in different domesticated stages. A total of 18321865 SNPs and 9784 autosomal CNVs were identified, 573 candidate genes are screened by top 5% of both parameters (πrate and FST) for BH vs AF; 502 candidate genes were obtained from AS vs BH based on SNP data. Regarding CNV data, 24 candidate genes were annotated from top 1% CNVs (FST≥0.511719) based on BH vs AF, and 23 were annotated from top 1% (FST≥0.609523) CNVs in AS vs BH. A mount of identified candidate genes was related to reproduction, metabolism, growth, and development according to GO and KEGG annotation. Furthermore, these candidate genes related to the metabolism of fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins confirmed that raising level led to the rapid co-evolution of the metabolism and environment of Boer goats. Specifically, we found a series of non-synonymous mutations from the coding region of NF1 have significant allele frequency different between populations that was related to muscle development. This study provided valuable genomic resources for exploring the evolutionary history of Boer goats and genetic improvement of goats. It also helped us elucidate the genetic basis behind artificial selection in domestic animals.