K-medoids clustering of hospital admission characteristics to classify
severity of influenza virus infection
Abstract
Background: Patients are admitted to the hospital for respiratory
illness at different stages of their disease course. It is important to
appropriately analyse this heterogeneity in surveillance data to
accurately measure disease severity among those hospitalized. The
purpose of this study was to determine if unique baseline clusters of
influenza patients exist, and to examine the association between cluster
membership and in-hospital outcomes. Methods: Patients hospitalized with
influenza at two hospitals in Southeast Michigan during the 2017/2018
(n=242) and 2018/2019 (n=115) influenza seasons were included.
Physiologic and laboratory variables were collected for the first 24
hours of the hospital stay. K-medoids clustering was used to determine
groups of individuals based on these values. Multivariable linear
regression or Firth’s logistic regression were used to examine the
association between cluster membership and clinical outcomes. Results:
Three clusters were selected for 2017/2018, mainly differentiated by
blood glucose level. After adjustment, those in C171 had 5.6 times the
odds of mechanical ventilator use than those in C172 (95%CI: 1.49,21.1)
and a significantly longer mean hospital length of stay than those in
both C172 (mean 1.5 days longer, 95%CI: 0.2,2.7) and C173 (mean 1.4
days longer, 95%CI: 0.3,2.5). Similar results were seen between the two
clusters selected for 2018/2019. Conclusion: In this study of
hospitalized influenza patients, we show that distinct clusters with
higher disease acuity can be identified and could be targeted for
evaluations of vaccine and influenza antiviral effectiveness against
disease attenuation. The association of higher disease acuity with
glucose level merits evaluation.