|
Cluster 1
(N=31)
|
Cluster 2
(N=72)
|
Cluster 3
(N=139)
|
P-Value
|
Cluster 1
(N=37)
|
Cluster 2
(N=78)
|
P-Value
|
Demographics |
Demographics |
Demographics |
Demographics |
Demographics |
Demographics |
Demographics |
Demographics |
Age |
|
|
|
0.029c
|
|
|
0.704 |
18-49 |
6 (19.4) |
15 (20.8) |
44 (31.7) |
|
14 (37.8) |
24 (30.8) |
|
50-64 |
14 (45.2) |
18 (25.0) |
48 (34.5) |
|
10 (27.0) |
26 (33.3) |
|
≥65 |
11 (35.5) |
39 (54.2) |
47 (33.8) |
|
13 (35.1) |
28 (35.9) |
|
Male Sex |
10 (32.3) |
35 (48.6) |
54 (38.9) |
0.226 |
14 (37.8) |
40
(51.3) |
0.177 |
Race |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White |
10 (32.3) |
51 (70.8) |
48 (34.5) |
<0.001ac
|
19 (51.4) |
33 (42.3) |
0.363 |
Black |
18 (58.1) |
20 (27.8) |
79 (56.8) |
<0.001ac
|
18 (48.7) |
42 (53.9) |
0.602 |
Asian |
2 (6.5) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (0.7) |
0.018 |
0 (0.0) |
1 (1.3) |
0.489 |
Hispanic |
1 (3.2) |
0 (0.0) |
7 (5.0) |
0.152 |
0 (0.0) |
5 (6.4) |
0.105 |
Hospital |
|
|
|
<0.001ac
|
|
|
0.995 |
1 |
8 (25.8) |
46 (63.9) |
35 (25.2) |
|
19 (51.4) |
40 (51.3) |
|
2 |
23 (74.2) |
26 (36.1) |
104 (74.8) |
|
18 (48.7) |
38 (48.7) |
|
Flu Strain and Subtype/Lineage |
|
|
|
0.852 |
|
|
0.744 |
Type A–H1 |
1 (3.2) |
4 (5.6) |
10 (7.2) |
|
15 (40.5) |
29 (37.2) |
|
Type A–H3 |
22 (71.0) |
41 (56.9) |
86 (61.9) |
|
14 (37.8) |
33 (42.3) |
|
Type B–Victoria |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
2 (1.4) |
|
0 (0.0) |
2 (2.6) |
|
Type B–Yamagata |
7 (22.6) |
23 (31.9) |
32 (23.0) |
|
0 (0.0) |
1
(1.3) |
|
Unknown Subtype/Lineage |
1 (3.2) |
4 (5.6) |
8 (5.8) |
|
8 (21.6) |
13
(16.7) |
|
Unknown Type |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (0.7) |
|
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
|
Received Influenza Vaccine |
17 (54.8) |
48 (66.7) |
82 (59.0) |
0.429 |
24 (64.9) |
49 (62.8) |
0.832 |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) |
3.9 (2.8) |
4.3 (3.1) |
2.4
(2.3) |
<0.001bc
|
4.4 (2.7) |
3.5 (3.0) |
0.139 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index Group |
|
|
|
<0.001bc
|
|
|
0.031 |
0 |
1 (3.2) |
8 (11.1) |
25 (18.0) |
|
0 (0.0) |
13 (16.7) |
|
1-2 |
11 (35.5) |
16 (22.2) |
64 (46.0) |
|
13 (35.1) |
22 (28.2) |
|
≥3 |
19 (61.3) |
48 (66.7) |
50 (36.0) |
|
24 (64.9) |
43 (55.1) |
|
BMI Category |
|
|
|
0.353 |
|
|
0.177 |
Underweight (<18.5) |
0 (0.0) |
2 (2.8) |
5 (3.6) |
|
1 (2.7) |
4 (5.1) |
|
Normal/Healthy weight (18.5-24.9) |
3 (9.7) |
14 (19.4) |
34 (24.5) |
|
7 (18.9) |
17 (21.8) |
|
Overweight (25-29.9) |
7 (22.6) |
23 (31.9) |
29 (20.9) |
|
4 (10.8) |
22 (28.2) |
|
Obese (30-39.9) |
17 (54.8) |
26 (36.1) |
53 (38.1) |
|
17 (46.0) |
23
(29.5) |
|
Morbidly obese (≥40) |
4 (12.9) |
7 (9.7) |
18 (13.0) |
|
8 (21.6) |
12
(15.4) |
|
High-Risk Comorbidities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Disease |
14 (45.2) |
45 (62.5) |
50 (36.0) |
0.001c
|
23 (62.2) |
38 (48.7) |
0.177 |
Heart Failure |
6 (19.4) |
25 (34.7) |
27 (19.4) |
0.039c
|
17 (46.0) |
17 (21.8) |
0.008 |
Asthma |
9 (29.0) |
17 (23.6) |
46 (33.1) |
0.359 |
10 (27.0) |
17
(21.8) |
0.536 |
COPD |
11 (35.5) |
23 (31.9) |
49 (35.3) |
0.881 |
16 (43.2) |
28 (35.9) |
0.449 |
Other Lung Conditions |
14 (45.2) |
24 (33.3) |
44 (31.7) |
0.354 |
21
(56.8) |
35 (44.9) |
0.234 |
Diabetes |
24 (77.4) |
24 (33.3) |
38 (27.3) |
<0.001ab
|
29 (78.4) |
25 (32.1) |
<0.001 |
Renal |
13 (41.9) |
42 (58.3) |
36 (25.9) |
<0.001c
|
21 (56.8) |
30 (38.5) |
0.065 |
Blood Disorders |
2 (6.5) |
16 (22.2) |
4 (2.9) |
<0.001c
|
6 (16.2) |
9 (11.5) |
0.557 |
Immunosuppression |
5 (16.1) |
24 (33.3) |
31 (22.3) |
0.104 |
10 (27.0) |
25 (32.1) |
0.584 |
Malignancy |
8 (25.8) |
25 (34.7) |
13 (9.4) |
<0.001bc
|
7 (18.9) |
22 (28.2) |
0.284 |
Metabolic Disorders |
20 (64.5) |
39 (54.2) |
49 (35.3) |
0.002bc
|
20 (54.1) |
43 (55.1) |
0.914 |
Liver Disorders |
3 (9.7) |
11 (15.3) |
14 (10.1) |
0.501 |
5 (13.5) |
5
(6.4) |
0.288 |
Neurological/Musculoskeletal |
11 (35.5) |
20 (27.8) |
30 (21.6) |
0.228 |
11 (29.7) |
26 (33.3) |
0.699 |
Cerebrovascular Disorders |
3 (9.7) |
2 (2.8) |
5 (3.6) |
0.242 |
1
(2.7) |
3 (3.9) |
0.999 |
Endocrine |
3 (9.7) |
16 (22.2) |
22 (15.8) |
0.258 |
8 (21.6) |
13
(16.7) |
0.521 |
Long-term Medication |
4 (12.9) |
13 (18.1) |
18 (13.0) |
0.586 |
8
(21.6) |
17 (21.8) |
0.983 |
Morbid Obesity |
5 (16.1) |
11 (15.3) |
18 (13.0) |
0.844 |
12 (32.4) |
12 (15.4) |
0.036 |
Clustering Metrics Measured Within 24 Hours of Admission |
Clustering Metrics Measured Within 24 Hours of Admission |
Clustering Metrics Measured Within 24 Hours of Admission |
Clustering Metrics Measured Within 24 Hours of Admission |
Clustering Metrics Measured Within 24 Hours of Admission |
Clustering Metrics Measured Within 24 Hours of Admission |
Clustering Metrics Measured Within 24 Hours of Admission |
Clustering Metrics Measured Within 24 Hours of
Admission |
Time from symptom onset to admission (days), mean (SD) |
2.6 (2.1) |
2.2
(2.0) |
2.5 (2.0) |
0.597 |
2.6 (1.7) |
2.6 (2.1) |
0.886 |
Temperature |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Min |
97.8 (0.6) |
97.9 (0.5) |
97.9 (0.6) |
0.691 |
97.9 (0.5) |
98.1
(0.6) |
0.036 |
Max |
99.7 (1.5) |
100.2 (1.5) |
100.0 (1.5) |
0.190 |
99.9 (1.4) |
100.2 (1.5) |
0.301 |
Heart Rate (Max), mean (SD) |
109.1 (16.1) |
101.3 (18.7) |
109.5 (18.0) |
0.006ac
|
110.5 (20.6) |
110.7 (18.7) |
0.966 |
Systolic Blood Pressure, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Min |
117.0 (15.2) |
111.2 (17.0) |
110.3 (16.7) |
0.134 |
104.4 (18.2) |
105.4 (14.3) |
0.732 |
Max |
149.5 (30.3) |
126.5 (29.2) |
139.7 (29.4) |
0.001ac
|
127.3 (38.9) |
125.9 (28.9) |
0.828 |
Glucose, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Min |
210.4 (66.9) |
90.5 (16.4) |
110.0 (26.7) |
<0.001abc
|
157.2(82.2) |
99.7 (21.4) |
<0.001 |
Max |
311.6 (106.0) |
139.4 (68.5) |
136.0 (37.0) |
<0.001ab
|
292.0 (133.4) |
119.5 (26.3) |
<0.001 |
Creatinine (Max), mean (SD) |
1.2 (0.8) |
1.8 (2.5) |
1.2 (0.9) |
0.018ac
|
1.9 (2.4) |
1.6 (2.0) |
0.502 |
Hematocrit (Min), mean (SD) |
36.7 (4.7) |
34.6 (5.6) |
36.0 (5.4) |
0.096 |
35.4 (6.2) |
35.6 (6.2) |
0.885 |
Sodium, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Min |
134.4 (3.9) |
136.0 (2.9) |
135.9 (3.0) |
0.034ab
|
134.0 (5.4) |
135.9 (3.0) |
0.015 |
Max |
137.1 (4.1) |
139.3 (3.4) |
137.7 (3.0) |
0.001ac
|
138.3 (4.7) |
138.0 (3.5) |
0.754 |
White Blood Cells, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Min |
7.7 (3.4) |
5.4 (5.0) |
6.8 (2.7) |
0.005ac
|
8.3 (4.2) |
7.2 (9.8) |
0.511 |
Max |
9.4 (4.7) |
8.9 (12.6) |
8.3 (3.7) |
0.710 |
12.0 (7.1) |
9.4
(14.9) |
0.317 |
Platelets (Min), mean (SD) |
171.5 (44.7) |
121.3 (39.8) |
209.9 (62.5) |
<0.001abc
|
190.9 (76.3) |
195.2 (135.5) |
0.856 |
Respiratory Rate (Max), mean (SD) |
25.9 (5.7) |
23.8 (5.3) |
24.0 (5.6) |
0.176 |
27.5 (9.3) |
25.6 (7.7) |
0.243 |
Oxygen Saturation (Min), mean (SD) |
90.7 (4.9) |
91.1 (5.3) |
92.0
(3.7) |
0.182 |
88.5 (6.7) |
91.6 (3.7) |
0.002 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mean (SD) |
71.6 (26.2) |
59.4
(28.2) |
83.8 (44.7) |
<0.001ac
|
65.7
(40.8) |
77.3 (40.6) |
0.154 |
Outcomes |
Outcomes |
Outcomes |
Outcomes |
Outcomes |
Outcomes |
Outcomes |
Outcomes |
ICU Admission |
3 (9.7) |
4 (5.6) |
8 (5.8) |
0.690 |
8 (21.6) |
7 (9.0) |
0.060 |
Mechanical Ventilator use |
7 (22.6) |
5 (6.9) |
12 (8.6) |
0.038a
|
12 (32.4) |
7 (9.0) |
0.002 |
Hospital LOS, mean (SD) |
4.5 (4.4) |
3.5 (2.9) |
2.8 (2.4) |
0.009b
|
5.3 (5.7) |
2.8 (2.0) |
0.001 |
Prolonged LOS (≥8 days) |
4 (12.9) |
4 (5.6) |
7 (5.0) |
0.250 |
6
(16.2) |
3 (3.9) |
0.021 |