1.IntroductionJuvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (JSLE) is a rare, chronic autoimmune condition that occurs in children below the age of 18 years. It is distinguished by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations that may affect multiple organ systems and may be manifested at varying degrees of severity [1]. JSLE, in comparison with adult-onset SLE, shows higher rates of disease activity, organ damage, and occurrence of specific manifestations [2]. JSLE may be difficult to diagnose because it has a heterogeneous presentation and there are no specific diagnostic criteria, which may rely on those of adult-onset SLE [3]. Early and proper diagnosis is essential in the management of the disease and to preclude serious complications since JSLE is more aggressive than its adult counterpart [4]. Multisystemic involvement is characteristic of JSLE, and almost all of the body systems are susceptible. The most reported symptoms are constitutional (e.g., fever, fatigue, weight loss), mucocutaneous (e.g., malar rash, mouth sores, hair balding), musculoskeletal (e.g., arthritis, arthralgia), and even hematological (e.g., anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia). Among more severe manifestations, neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) poses a serious concern, and a considerable number of paediatric individuals with SLE develop it. NPSLE is very diverse, with an equal variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, such as seizures, headaches, cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, and psychosis, which may have a dramatic effect on the patient’s quality of life and functional status [1,5]. The following case presentation provides detail on the clinical course of a 15-year-old male with multiple and complicated features of JSLE, which included the involvement of the nervous system.
