Soil resistance and load-bearing capacity are mainly influenced by the soil’s clay content, climatic conditions, and the type of machinery used. The risk of soil compaction is therefore dynamic, varying across time and space. This study mapped the spatial-temporal dynamics of compaction risk in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, with the aim of identifying areas susceptible to compaction and improving forest harvest planning. The analysis used data on clay content for the 0 to 0.40 m layer, from 671 pedological profiles, maps with scale of 1:20,000, and average bi-weekly rainfall from 2010 to 2021, obtained from 18 weather stations, covering an area of 10,078 km 2. Six distinct periods of compaction risk were identified. Forest harvesting restriction, due to soil high risk of compaction, should affecting between 11.9% and 31.6% of the area, over one third of the year, from the second half of April to July. During this period, up to 27.4% of the study area was at moderate risk, while at list 56.9% showed low risk. The most favorable period for harvesting is between the second half of September and the first half of March, when the risk of soil compaction is low across the entire study area. Two transition periods were also identified between seasons (March to April and August to September), with 37.2% of the area at moderate risk. The developed maps provide essential knowledge for a sustainable forest harvesting planning, promoting a better soil management.