This study presents an empirical analysis of the dependence of tribal communities in the Sirumalai Hills on natural resources, exploring the challenges posed by deforestation, land-use changes, and the state of essential infrastructure. Data from 283 structured questionnaires reveal a significant reliance on forest-based agriculture, timber, medicinal plants, and wild resources. However, deforestation, land degradation, and changing climatic conditions have notably disrupted their livelihoods. In addition, the absence of critical infrastructure such as access to water, transportation, electricity, healthcare, and education further compounds the socio-economic vulnerabilities of these communities. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated policy interventions that prioritize environmental conservation, sustainable resource management, and rural infrastructure development. Statistical analysis reveals a strong peak at p<0.001 for agricultural practices, signifying a true effect. A smaller peak at p=0.028 for firewood use suggests a real, though less pronounced, trend. In contrast, higher p-values (>0.05) for hunting and medicinal plant use indicate no significant relationship. These results contribute to understanding the complex interplay between environmental and socio-economic factors affecting tribal livelihoods in the region.
