Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic non-essential heavy metals for humans. Consumption of crops with excessive Cd can lead to health issues like kidney failure and Itai-Itai disease in humans. Fertilizers used in agriculture often contain Cd from raw materials like phosphorus rock and power plant ash, which can increase crop’s Cd levels. However, the properties of the raw materials of fertilizer can suppress crop’s ability to absorb Cd by influencing soil pH. Phosphorus fertilizers could decrease soil pH, which enhances crop’s Cd absorption, while soil with high organic matter could inhibit the absorption. Ash fertilizers could increase soil pH, dissociate protons in soil, and reduce Cd bioavailability. In contrast, short-term fertilizer and long-term use may not significantly affect Cd levels in crops. However, applying a large amount of phosphate and ash fertilizer will significantly increase the Cd accumulation in crops, requiring remediation efforts. Soil washing and adding organic and inorganic amendments can rectify the Cd concentrations in soil. Phytoremediation involves using hyperaccumulators for Cd remediation in soil. Microbial remediation employs algae, fungi, or bacteria. Some fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus) and bacteria (growth-promoting rhizobacteria) can be combined with Cd hyperaccumulators to enhance phytoremediation. Some successful intercropping and crop rotation cases for mitigating the Cd problem involving different plants and microbes are reviewed. It is essential to develop effective regulatory frameworks and management strategies to minimize the risks associated with Cd, safeguarding crop health and consumer safety.