Green electrochemistry has emerged as a fundamental science in the pursuit of sustainable energy production and environmental remediation. This review covers recent advances in electrochemical technologies for sustainability, including renewable energy-driven electrolysis, waste-to-energy conversion, and eco-friendly electrode materials. The discussion involves a multifaceted range of energy production methods, such as the production of hydrogen from the electrolysis of water using non-toxic catalysts, and the development of bio-inspired electrochemical devices. Further, the discussion covers the electrochemical wastewater treatment, carbon dioxide reduction, and degradation of pollutants with a focus on the application of electrocatalysis and microbial fuel cells to minimize environmental pollution. The integration of technologies with renewable energy inputs, such as solar and wind energies, is investigated to enhance efficiency and viability for large-scale applications. The issues encountered, such as electrode degradation, scalability, and energy efficiency, are discussed in detail, along with the recent resolutions suggested in recent literature. The review emphasizes interdisciplinary research involving materials science, environmental engineering, and electrochemistry for the advancement of more sustainable and more efficient electrochemical solutions in the future.