Effective wound healing remains a critical focus of intensive research. Traditional wound dressings with limited functionality and passive protection fail to meet the multifaceted demands of clinical wound management, while modern synthetic dressings still lack the capacity to emulate sophisticated biological healing mechanisms. Natural mucus from amphibians, mollusks, plants, and microbes exhibits unique dynamic bioadhesion and multi-component synergy. These properties enable effective intervention in complex wound models, including organ hemostasis, diabetic ulcers, and severe burns. Characterized by unique viscoelastic properties and dynamic interfacial adaptability, these biopolymeric matrices demonstrate superior biocompatibility coupled with multifaceted therapeutic actions, including mucopolysaccharide-mediated hydration maintenance, pathogen sequestration through glycoprotein interactions, and growth factor modulation for enhanced tissue regeneration. In this review, we explore the key functions of natural mucus in various wound healing models. By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic efficacy and comparing performance metrics with clinical wound dressings, we establish a scientific rationale for mucus-inspired biomaterial design. This comprehensive assessment not only reveals the untapped potential of renewable biological resources in developing eco-friendly, high-performance wound care alternatives but also provides theoretical guidance for developing next-generation smart dressings with bioactive, self-adaptive, and environmentally responsive characteristics.