The issue of air pollution management in Apapa Port, Lagos State, Nigeria, is the focus of this research, and the key drivers of pollution and challenges of environmental policy implementation and adoption of cleaner technologies are to be identified. Institutional theory is applied in these researches to provide a rigorous framework for understanding the issue of air pollution management in Apapa Port, Lagos State, Nigeria.Methodologically, the study employs both primary and secondary data source with 153 stakeholders' sample drawn on the basis of Taro Yamane from a sample frame of 250 stakeholders based on half population of 500 stakeholders made up of harbor workers (NPA), dockworkers (NN), regulatory institutions (NIMASA), and adjoining local residents.The findings show that vehicle emissions, specifically diesel trucks, are the most prominent source of air pollution in Apapa Port, contributing 33%. Emissions from marine vessels rank second at 21%, once more pointing to introducing cleaner fuel policies. Emissions from outdated cargo-handling equipment contribute 17% and regulatory and governance matters contribute 19%, a sign of enforcement challenge and multi-agency responsibilities. Inadequacies in infrastructure and technology explain 10% of determinants, suggesting systemic issues in the port to manage pollution. Issues with regulation and governance combined with technological limitations have a significant bearing on air quality regulation enforcement according to the regression analysis. The findings indicate the requirement for an integrated approach, i.e., cleaner fuel policy, modernization of equipment, and increased regulatory capacity to promote air quality management at the port.

This study assesses the effect of ship air emission on air quality and the overall environment in Lagos State, Nigeria, Apapa Port. This study utilizes primary as well as secondary data collection. With a sample size of 120 individual stakeholders made up of Harbor workers (NPA), Dockworkers (NN), Regulators (NIMASA) and Residents in the Port. However, descriptive statistics like frequency tables, bar charts, means, and percentages were used in examining the nature of the data while Analysis of Variance (Anova) were used in testing hypotheses.Observed observations determine significant air pollution from shipping activities, and particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) is the most frequent pollutant (46%) with severe health effects. Other pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (17%), nitrogen oxides (15%), carbon dioxide (12%), and volatile organic compounds (11%), also degrade air quality, smog, and greenhouse gas emissions. Outcomes also reflect contradictory perception of the extent of pollution, where 24% indicated severe pollution and 58% experienced some occasional environmental and public health effects. Environmental and public health indicators observed were reduction in air quality (29%), respiratory ailments (24%), water and land pollution (20%), and high healthcare expenditure (15%). The ANOVA test validates meaningful contribution of ship air emissions to the environment and public health, as it disproves the null hypothesis (p-value = 0.00048). The results thus stress the need for stricter emission policies, cleaner fuel technology, and targeted interventions to improve the quality of air and protect public health in the Apapa port zone of Lagos State, Nigeria.