Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small bioactive molecules produced by a wide range of organisms, including non-Saccharomyces yeasts. These peptides exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and some viruses, making them promising candidates as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This review focuses on the current state of research on low molecular weight AMPs produced by non-Saccharomyces yeasts. We discuss the characteristics of these peptides, their mechanisms of action, and their potential applications in fields ranging from medicine and agriculture to food technology and cosmeceuticals. Despite the recognized potential of yeast-derived AMPs, further research is needed to fully characterize these molecules and explore their practical applications. Future perspectives include their integration into nanocarriers for enhanced stability and targeted delivery, as well as their role in reducing the emergence of microbial resistance.