This manuscript examines the illegal disposal of domestic solid waste in Werabe Town, Siltie Zone, Ethiopia, through the lens of the right to a clean and healthy environment. It analyzes the current waste management practices, identifies the key challenges contributing to illegal dumping, and explores the implications for public health and human rights. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data on waste generation and disposal with qualitative data gathered through interviews and focus group discussions with residents, local authorities, and waste management personnel. The findings highlight the urgent need for improved waste management infrastructure, strengthened enforcement of existing regulations, and increased public awareness campaigns to protect the right to a clean and healthy environment in Werabe Town. The study concludes with recommendations for policy and practice changes to address the issue effectively and sustainably.