Near-natural Fish Bypasses in the Danube: Improving Downstream
Migration, Connecting Tributaries, and Creating Habitats for
Potamodromous Fish
Abstract
Fish passes, traditionally designed to facilitate upstream migration,
are now increasingly recognized for their potential to support
bidirectional fish movement and to improve habitat availability for
potamodromous fish. This four-year study at the Ottensheim-Wilhering
Hydro Power Plant on the Austrian Danube tracked the migration patterns
of the common nase ( Chondrostoma nasus) using five PIT tag
antenna arrays installed in a 14 km long, near-natural bypass system,
which integrates two natural tributaries. A total of 190 nase were
tagged and released in the Danube upstream the hydro power plant, and
fish movement data were collected from November 2020 to June 2024. A
large percentage of the tagged individuals entered the fish pass from
upstream. Over the years, many individuals utilized the bypass system
for extended periods and were observed repeatedly visiting the fish
pass, highlighting its role not just as a migration corridor but also as
a spawning and feeding habitat. These findings underscore the
multifunctionality of near-natural fish passes, which not only restore
longitudinal connectivity but also provide critical habitats for various
life stages of rheophilic fish. The study challenges the assumption that
fish passes are ineffective for downstream migration and suggests that
such systems can play a significant role in supporting potamodromous
fish populations in highly regulated rivers like the Austrian Danube.