BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Asthma in children is a global epidemic that causes various medical conditions associated with an increased incidence of premature death. This study aims to examine the trends in asthma incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and mortality among children, alongside identifying risk factors associated with asthma-related deaths and DALYs, over the period from 1990 to 2021. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021, encompassing 204 countries and territories. The analysis included children aged 0 to 14 years diagnosed with asthma. Data analysis was performed between October 1, 2024, and December 30, 2024. The primary outcomes included incidence, prevalence, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, DALYs, and the corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). These trends were further stratified by region, country, age, sex, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2005, there was an overall decline in the global incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates of childhood asthma. However, from 2005 to 2010, these rates experienced an upward trend. Following 2010, the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life expectancy of childhood asthma resumed a downward trajectory. Throughout the period from 1990 to 2021, both the number of deaths and the mortality rate associated with childhood asthma consistently decreased. Over the past two decades, among the five Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions, the high SDI region has generally shown a more pronounced increase in incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates, while concurrently experiencing a greater reduction in mortality rates.